Author: Andrew

Wrocław's 10 Best Museums to Visit

Wrocław: A Journey Through Time

Wrocław is a city where history is not just written in books—it’s carved into its buildings, whispered through its cobbled streets, and echoed in its towering cathedrals. Once a medieval Polish stronghold, later a Bohemian gem, a Prussian power center, and a German metropolis before returning to Poland, Wrocław has been shaped by shifting empires […]

Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

Wrocław is a city best explored on foot, with its charming Old Town, historic architecture, and stunning viewpoints offering a perfect mix of history and breathtaking panoramas. This free self-guided walking tour takes you through some of Wrocław’s most iconic landmarks, while also leading you to six incredible towers, each offering unique views over the […]

Wrocław: A Journey Through Time

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In this blog, we’ll explore the city’s rich history as a journey through its architectural marvels—from the Gothic spires of Ostrów Tumski to the Baroque elegance of the University of Wrocław, the industrial modernism of Centennial Hall, and the post-war reconstruction of Market Square. Each building is a chapter in Wrocław’s ever-evolving story, revealing the people, events, and transformations that have defined this remarkable city.

Join us as we walk through centuries, one building at a time, uncovering the stories that make Wrocław one of Europe’s most fascinating historical landscapes.

The History of Poland and Wrocław: Buildings and People

Early History and Medieval Period (10th–16th Century)

Poland’s Formation and Wrocław’s Beginnings
Shift to Bohemian Rule (1335–1526)
Austrian Rule (1526-1742)

Prussian and German Rule (1742–1945)

Prussian Influence and Germanization (1742–1918)
Weimar Republic and Nazi Era (1918–1945)

Return to Poland and Post-War Reconstruction (1945–Present)

Polish Rebirth and Rebuilding (1945–1989)
Modern Wrocław (1989–Present)

Conclusion

The History of Poland and Wrocław: Buildings and People

Poland’s history is deeply intertwined with that of Wrocław, a city that has seen dramatic shifts in rulers, cultures, and architecture. Wrocław, located in western Poland, has been shaped by its Polish, Bohemian, Austrian, Prussian, German, and Soviet past. This layered history is reflected in its buildings and the figures who shaped it.

Early History and Medieval Period (10th–16th Century)

Poland’s Formation and Wrocław’s Beginnings

Wrocław (Breslau in German) was first mentioned in the 10th century when it became part of the Piast Dynasty’s realm under Mieszko I, the first historical ruler of Poland. Mieszko I converted to Christianity, likely on April 14, 966, through baptism, which also led to the baptism of his court and much of his people.
The city was an important trade hub along the Oder River and became one of the principal cities of the early Kingdom of Poland under Bolesław I the Brave.
During the 12th and 13th centuries, Poland became fragmented into multiple duchies controlled by different branches of the Piast family.
Cathedral Island (Ostrów Tumski) is the oldest part of Wrocław, where the Archcathedral of St. John the Baptist (constructed in the 13th century) still stands as a testament to the city’s medieval roots.
In 1241, the Mongol Golden Horde led by Batu Khan attacked Wrocław, destroying much of the city.

Shift to Bohemian Rule (1335–1526)

In 1335, after years of conflict between Poland and Bohemia over Silesia, King Casimir III the Great of Poland renounced Polish claims to Silesia in the Treaty of Trentschin.
The Gothic-style Wrocław Town Hall (Ratusz we Wrocławiu), built in the 13th century and expanded in the 15th century, remains one of the most stunning medieval structures in Poland.

Austrian Rule (1526-1742)

In 1526, the ruling Jagiellonian dynasty of Bohemia and Hungary ended when King Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia died in the Battle of Mohács against the Ottoman Empire.
As a result, the Habsburgs inherited the Kingdom of Bohemia, which included Silesia and Wrocław.
- This famously inbred family expanded their empire through dynastic marriages. The Habsburg ruler Charles V (1519–1556) ruled the largest European empire of the time, including the Holy Roman Empire (Germany, Austria, Bohemia); Spain (and its colonies in the Americas), the Netherlands and parts of Italy.
The city flourished culturally and economically, and the Wrocław University (founded in 1702 as Leopoldina Academy) became a major intellectual center.

Prussian and German Rule (1742–1945)

Prussian Influence and Germanization (1742–1918)

Wrocław was annexed by Prussia in 1742. This period saw the modernization of the city and the construction of significant public buildings, such as the Wroclaw Opera House (Opera Wrocławska), which opened in 1841. The opera house became a major cultural venue, hosting performances by renowned composers like Richard Wagner and Johannes Brahms.
During this period, Baroque and Neoclassical architecture flourished, seen in buildings like the Royal Palace, which later became the city museum.
Prussia, Austria, and Russia partitioned Poland-Lithuania three times (1772, 1793, 1795), erasing Poland from the map. Stanisław II Augustus Poniatowski was the last King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, reigning from 1764 to 1795. He was a lover of Catherine the Great, and she supported his candidacy for Kingship.
The late 18th century was also marked by Poland’s struggles for independence. The Kościuszko Uprising (1794), led by Tadeusz Kościuszko, was an attempt to resist Russian and Prussian influence over Poland. Though ultimately unsuccessful, the uprising inspired future independence movements and is commemorated in the Racławice Panorama, a 360-degree painting that was relocated to Wrocław in 1985.
Prussia had been defeated by Napolean and was their reluctant ally between 1807–1813. After Napoleon’s defeat in Russia Prussia declared war on Napoleon, joining Russia, Austria, Britain, and Sweden in the Sixth Coalition. Many Poles, including Prince Józef Poniatowski (nephew of Stanisław II), saw Napoleon as a potential liberator who could restore Polish independence. At Battle of Leipzig (October 16–19, 1813), Polish troops under Poniatowski fought alongside Napoleon against Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden, hoping that a French victory would lead to the re-establishment of Poland. The Wrocław Centennial Hall (Hala Stulecia)was built to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Battle of Leipzig.
The Congress of Vienna (1815), which followed Napoleon’s fall, did not restore Polish independence but instead divided its lands further, with Prussia gaining control over western Poland and incorporating cities like Poznań and Gdańsk into its kingdom.
Prussia played the leading role in the unification of Germany, ultimately becoming the dominant state within the German Empire in 1871.

Weimar Republic and Nazi Era (1918–1945)

After World War I, Wrocław remained part of Germany and saw significant urban expansion.
The Nazis took control in 1933, and Wrocław became a stronghold of German nationalism.
Toward the end of World War II, the city was declared a Festung (fortress) Breslau, enduring a brutal siege by the Soviet Red Army in 1945.
Large parts of the city, including historic buildings, were destroyed.

Return to Poland and Post-War Reconstruction (1945–Present)

Polish Rebirth and Rebuilding (1945–1989)

In 1945, Poland’s borders were shifted westward losing its eastern lands (Kresy), where millions of Ukrainians, Belarusians, and Poles lived and gaining former German territories (Silesia (including Wrocław), Pomerania, East Prussia), which had been inhabited by Germans for centuries.
The German population in western Poland were expelled to Germany and Ukrainians and Belarusians were forcibly relocated to Soviet Ukraine.
Polish settlers from eastern Poland (now Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania) moved into the former German lands. Wrocław is populated by many Poles from Lviv (then part of Soviet Ukraine).
Before 1939, only about 68% of Poland’s population was ethnically Polish. By the 1950s, Poland’s population was over 95% Polish.
The city underwent massive rebuilding efforts, restoring landmarks like Cathedral Island (Ostrów Tumski), Wrocław’s Market Square(Rynek), and the Centennial Hall (Hala Stulecia) (a UNESCO World Heritage site, designed by Max Berg in 1913).
1981 saw the rise of the Orange Alternative Movement. The organisation painted orange dwarfs over government-censored graffiti on walls and organized surreal demonstrations where protesters wore dwarf costumes and chanted nonsense slogans. This led the Wrocław’s modern dwarf statues, which now symbolize freedom and humor.

Modern Wrocław (1989–Present)

Since Poland’s return to democracy in 1989, Wrocław has become a major economic and cultural center.
In 2016, Wrocław was named the European Capital of Culture, celebrating its rich architectural heritage and intellectual legacy.

Conclusion

Wrocław is a city where architecture and history merge, reflecting Poland’s complex past. From Ostrów Tumski to the Wrocław Town Hall and Centennial Hall, the city’s buildings tell the story of medieval Poland, Bohemian rule, Prussian expansion, and post-war rebirth. Figures like Max Born, Ferdinand Lassalle, and medieval rulers like Bolesław I left their mark on both the city and the wider world. Today, Wrocław stands as a vibrant testament to resilience and cultural fusion.

Similar Blogs

Wrocław's 10 Best Museums to Visit

Wrocław: A Journey Through Time

Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

Read more about Wroclaw’s Market Square

Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

Whether you’re a first-time visitor or a returning traveler, this route will let you discover Wrocław’s history, culture, and skyline at your own pace! From medieval churches to modern towers, you’ll experience the city from street level and above, making this a perfect budget-friendly and photography-worthy adventure. So, lace up your walking shoes and get ready to see Wrocław from a whole new perspective!

1. Wroclaw’s Market Square

Your self-guided walking tour of Wrocław begins in the heart of the city at the Market Square (Rynek), one of the most stunning and lively squares in Europe. Surrounded by beautifully restored colorful townhouses, historic landmarks, and bustling cafés, this medieval square is the perfect place to soak in Wrocław’s atmosphere before setting off on your journey. At its center stands the Old Town Hall, an architectural masterpiece with intricate Gothic and Renaissance details, which once served as the city’s administrative hub. As you take in the vibrant surroundings, you might also notice the Wrocław dwarves, the city’s beloved miniature sculptures hidden throughout the square.

Before heading off, take a few moments to explore some of the notable sites around Rynek, including St. Elizabeth’s Church, one of the towers you’ll be climbing later for a breathtaking panoramic view. The nearby Salt Market (Plac Solny), once a trading hub, is now home to a charming 24-hour flower market, adding a touch of color to the historic setting. Whether you grab a coffee from a local café or simply admire the mix of architectural styles, starting your tour in Market Square allows you to immerse yourself in Wrocław’s rich history before setting off toward the first of three towers for a stunning bird’s-eye view of the city.

Location: Market Square, Wrocław, Poland

Click here to read our blog about Wrocław's 10 Best Museums to Visit

2. The Tower of the Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Jar.ciurus

Head to the northwest of the square, past the Hansel and Gretal House to reach the Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth.

Ascending the tower of the Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth is a thrilling experience, offering visitors one of the best panoramic views of Wrocław’s Old Town. The climb begins with a narrow, spiraling stone staircase, consisting of over 300 steps that wind their way up through the historic Gothic structure. Though the ascent is steep and requires some effort, small windows along the way provide fleeting glimpses of the city below, building anticipation with each step. As visitors near the top, the air grows cooler, and finally, they emerge onto the open-air observation deck, standing 91 meters above the city streets, greeted by an unparalleled skyline.

At the summit, a breathtaking view of Wrocław unfolds, stretching across the colorful rooftops of Market Square (Rynek), the Oder River, and the many bridges connecting the city’s islands. In the distance, the spires of Ostrów Tumski rise above the skyline, blending medieval charm with modern development. The vantage point captures the essence of Wrocław’s rich architectural heritage, making the climb well worth the effort. Whether bathed in the warm glow of sunrise, the golden light of afternoon, or the hues of sunset, the tower of St. Elizabeth’s Church offers a truly unforgettable perspective on the city’s beauty.

Location: Bazylika Mniejsza pw. Św. Elżbiety we Wrocławiu, Świętej Elżbiety, Wrocław, Poland | Hours: April to October, daily 10:00 AM until 7:00 PM. | Price: 10 PLN adults

Click here to read our blog about Wrocław: A Journey Through Time

3. Bridge of Penitents at St. Mary Magdalene

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Barbara Maliszewska

Walk back to the square and head to the south-east corner and then down Oławska. Turn first left onto Szewska. St. Mary Magdalene Cathedral is on your right.

Climbing up to the Penitents’ Bridge (Mostek Pokutnic) in St. Mary Magdalene Cathedral is a thrilling experience that offers one of the best panoramic views of Wrocław. The narrow, winding staircase leading to the top adds an element of adventure, making the climb as memorable as the view itself. Suspended 46 meters above ground, this medieval bridge connects the cathedral’s two Gothic towers, allowing visitors to gaze over the colorful rooftops of the Old Town, the Market Square, and even the Oder River on a clear day. The bridge goes by two names – the Witches’ Bridge and the Bridge of Penitence – reflecting the two legends surrounding it.

Legend of the Penitents’ Bridge

One of the most famous legends tied to the Penitents’ Bridge is the story of the Sinners’ Bell (Dzwon Grzesznika). According to local myth, the bell tolls on its own whenever an unfaithful woman or a dishonest person passes beneath it, revealing their sins to all around. This legend likely stems from the belief that the bridge was once used to punish young women who neglected their household duties, forcing them to repent by sweeping its heights. Whether fact or fiction, the tale of the Sinners’ Bell adds an air of mystery and intrigue to this already fascinating site. Today, visitors climb the bridge not out of penance, but for the spectacular view and the chance to experience one of Wrocław’s most legendary landmarks.

Legend of the Witches’ Bridge

According to some accounts, the bridge was also used as a method to identify suspected witches in a variation of the ‘trial by cold water’. Accused women were forced to walk across the bridge’s railing from the north to the south side; unsurprisingly and sadly, many fell the 45 meters to their deaths attempting this trial. Those who succeeded were accused of being helped by the devil and burned at the stake.

Legend of the Bell Founder

The legend concerning the bell founder of St. Mary Magdalene Cathedral in Wrocław is documented in various sources. According to these accounts, an apprentice bell-founder made an error during the casting of the Sinner’s Bell. Fearing severe repercussions, he confessed to his master, who, in a fit of rage, killed the apprentice. Upon later inspection, the bell was found to be flawless. Overcome with guilt, the master bell-founder confessed to his crime and requested that the bell toll one last time before his execution. The Sinner’s Bell remained in the cathedral’s south tower from 1386 until it was destroyed in 1945.

Location: Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Szewska, Wrocław, Poland | Hours: 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM | Price: Penitents' Bridge 10 PLN

Click here to read our blog about Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

4. Mathematical Tower of the Collegium Maximum

CC BY-SA 3.0 Poland / Jar.ciurus

Continue up Szewska and third left onto Kotlarska, at the end of which turn right onto Odrzańska. When you reach the river turn right and you will reach the university.

Visiting the Collegium Maximum or Mathematical Tower at Wrocław University is a journey through history, science, and stunning panoramic views. Located within the main building of Wrocław University, this historic tower was once a hub for astronomical observations and mathematical studies. Built between 1728 and 1737, the Mathematical Tower was originally one of three planned towers within the university complex. Visitors begin their tour in the western section of the building, passing through temporary exhibitions on the first floor and an astronomy-themed exhibit on the second floor. The terrace is adorned with four statues representing allegories of different sciences, designed by Franz Mangoldt. With a single ticket, visitors can explore multiple attractions within the Museum of the University of Wrocław, including the Mathematical Tower, Aula Leopoldinum, Oratorium Marianum, and the Exposition.

The Mathematical Tower provides one of Wrocław’s best viewpoints. After climbing the winding staircase, visitors are rewarded with a breathtaking panoramic view of the Oder River, Old Town, and Wrocław’s skyline, including its numerous church spires and bridges. The open-air terrace offers a unique bird’s-eye perspective on the city’s blend of Gothic, Baroque, and modern architecture.

Location: University of Wrocław, plac Uniwersytecki, Wrocław, Poland

5. St. John the Baptist Cathedral Observation Tower

Continue with the river on your left. Cross over the second bridge you come to.

This is the Sand Bridge (Most Piaskowy) is the oldest surviving bridge in Wrocław. The first recorded version of the Sand Bridge appeared in 1150, serving as a key trade route leading towards Ostrów Tumski and the city’s growing settlements. Over the years, repeated floods and structural wear led to several reconstructions, with the final iron bridge designed by Ernst Uber in the mid-19th century. The red-painted structure, with its distinct arched design, has since become an iconic part of Wrocław’s historical landscape. Today, it remains a pedestrian-friendly crossing, offering visitors a scenic route to explore Sand Island and Ostrów Tumski, two of the city’s most picturesque and historic areas.

While on the island turn right to cross the Tumski Bridge, and you will see the The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist.

The Tumski Bridge is one of Wrocław’s most famous and picturesque bridges, connecting Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island) with Sand Island (Wyspa Piaskowa). Built in 1889, this iron bridge replaced earlier wooden structures, making it a historic landmark in the city. Often called the “Lovers’ Bridge”, it is a popular spot for couples and tourists, known for its romantic atmosphere, scenic views, and its former tradition of love padlocks.

The Cathedral of St. John the Baptist is one of Wrocław’s most significant religious and architectural landmarks, towering over Ostrów Tumski, the oldest part of the city. Built in the 14th century in Gothic style, the cathedral’s origins stretch back even further, with archaeological research suggesting its foundations date to the 10th century. Over the centuries, the cathedral has undergone numerous renovations and expansions, incorporating Renaissance and Baroque influences into its design. However, its most dramatic transformation came after World War II, when the cathedral suffered severe damage during the 1945 Siege of Festung Breslau. The towers, central nave, and much of its interior were devastated, with restoration efforts lasting until the late 1960s, and its domes being added only in the 1990s.

One of the cathedral’s standout features is its viewpoint tower, offering visitors a breathtaking panoramic view of Wrocław. Standing at 97 meters tall, the tower provides one of the highest observation points in the city. Unlike other towers that require a strenuous climb, visitors can easily reach the top by lift, making it an accessible attraction. From the summit, the spectacular views stretch across the Oder River, Ostrów Tumski, and the city skyline, providing a stunning contrast between Wrocław’s historic past and modern development. Open only between June and September, this viewpoint is a must-visit for photographers, history enthusiasts, and anyone looking to experience Wrocław from above.

Location: Wrocław Cathedral Plac Katedralny 18 50-329 Wrocław Poland | Hours: Visiting hours of the chancellery and Baroque chapels: Monday – Saturday 10:00 – 17:00 Sunday 14:00 – 16:00Opening hours of the observation terrace: Monday – Saturday 10:00 – 17:00 Sunday 14:00 – 16:00 | Price: Tower with observation terrace: PLN 25/PLN 20 Baroque chapels and altar of St. John the Baptist (presbytery): PLN 15/PLN 10 | Website

6. Sky Tower

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Filori

The sky tower is about a 45 minute walk away an alternative option is to take a tram ride from pl. Bema

Standing atop Wrocław’s tallest skyscraper, Sky Tower, at 205 meters, offers a breathtaking panoramic view of the entire city. From the observation deck on the 49th floor, visitors can take in a sweeping vista of Wrocław’s historic Old Town, the Oder River, and even the distant Sudetes mountains on clear days. As one of the highest viewpoints in Poland, Sky Tower provides a modern contrast to the city’s medieval skyline, blending historic charm with contemporary urban development. Whether visiting for the stunning views, photography, or a unique perspective on Wrocław, this towering landmark is a must-see attraction.

Location: Sky Tower, Powstańców Śląskich, Wrocław, Poland | Hours: Monday - Friday: 10:00 AM - 6:00 PM Saturday - Sunday: 10:00 AM - 8:00 PM | Price: 49 zł | Website

Similar Blogs

Wrocław's 10 Best Museums to Visit

Wrocław: A Journey Through Time

Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

Read more about Wroclaw’s Market Square

Self-guided Walking Tour of Wroclaw (with Maps!)

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

Wrocław, often called the Venice of Poland, is a city full of history, culture, and stunning architecture waiting to be explored. With its colorful Old Town, picturesque bridges, and lively atmosphere, Wrocław is best experienced on foot, allowing you to soak in the charm of its hidden alleyways, medieval squares, and unique landmarks at your own pace.

This walking tour will take you through the city’s most iconic sights, from the lively Market Square (Rynek) to the historic Ostrów Tumski (Cathedral Island), along with a few surprises along the way—including Wrocław’s famous dwarfs! Whether you’re a history lover, a photography enthusiast, or just someone who enjoys exploring vibrant cities, this self-guided tour will give you an authentic taste of Wrocław’s unique character.

So put on your comfortable shoes, grab your camera, and let’s start exploring one of Poland’s most beautiful and underrated cities!

1. Wroclaw Dwarfs

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Pnapora

We will start with looking at the Wrocław Dwarfs (Wrocławskie Krasnale). They are one of the city’s most unique and beloved attractions, turning the streets of Wrocław into an interactive urban treasure hunt. The one in front of you is Papa Dwarf (Papa Krasnal), the most famous and significant of all the Wrocław Dwarfs. He has a distinctive long beard, a pointed hat, and a walking stick, symbolizing leadership and wisdom. His placement on Świdnicka Street is particularly meaningful, as it was the site of many of the movement’s protests and artistic expressions.

The Wrocław Dwarfs (Wrocławskie Krasnale) were originally created as a tribute to the Orange Alternative, an anti-communist movement that used humor and satire to peacefully oppose the Soviet-backed regime in 1980s Poland. The movement, which began in Wrocław, was known for painting dwarf graffiti over censored political slogans left by authorities, turning acts of repression into playful resistance. To honor this unique part of the city’s history, a monumental dwarf statue was installed on Świdnicka Street in 2001, marking the spot where Orange Alternative protests once took place.

Building on this idea, the city of Wrocław decided to expand the tradition, commissioning artist Tomasz Moczek to design five bronze dwarf figurines in 2005, placing them in various locations around the city. These figures became immensely popular, and soon businesses, institutions, and individuals began sponsoring their own personalized dwarfs, leading to the ever-growing collection seen today. The dwarfs now serve not only as a quirky tourist attraction, but also as a symbol of Wrocław’s resilience, creativity, and sense of humor, turning the city into a playful open-air gallery with over 800 figurines scattered throughout its streets.

Location: Świdnicka 11, 50-066 Wrocław, Poland

2. The Pillory (Pręgierz)

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Magda9505

From Papa Dwarf head north up Świdnicka until the street opens out and you can see the Pillory.

On the way look for:

C12: Fast Foodie Lobby of KFC ul. Świdnicka 13
C13: Papa Dwarf Next to underground passage ul. Świdnicka 8
C14: Vincent Gnome In front of Barbara bar ul. Świdnicka 8 B
C15: Climbers On lanterns poles along Świdnicka str.
C16: Capgeminiusz Programmer Around Starbucks cafe ul. Świdnicka 2 – 4
C17: Sisyphers Corner of Main Square and Świdnicka str.
C18: Mailman Entrance to post office. Corner of Main Square and Świdnicka str.

The Pręgierz is a historic stone pillar that once played a key role in public punishment during the Middle Ages and early modern period. Dating back to the 15th century, this Gothic-style pillory was used to publicly shame criminals and offenders, who were tied to the post, placed in stocks, and subjected to ridicule or even physical punishment by townspeople. The sculpted figure atop the pillar depicts a medieval executioner, distinguished by his pointed hat and sword, serving as a stark reminder of Wrocław’s strict judicial system. The Pręgierz was commonly used to punish thieves, fraudsters, and those who violated civic laws, turning justice into a public spectacle in the heart of the city.

N.B. Wroclaw was under Bohemian Rule in the period 1335–1526.

Location: The Pillory Rynek 50-116 Wrocław Poland

3. Ratusz we Wroclawiu (Wroclaw Town Hall)

Turn to your left and walk alongside the townhall.

The Old Town Hall in Wrocław is one of the most remarkable examples of Gothic and Renaissance civic architecture in Central Europe. Construction began in the late 13th century, when Wrocław was part of the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Holy Roman Empire. Initially serving as a simple administrative building for the city council, it was gradually expanded to include courtrooms, merchants’ halls, a council chamber, and even a city prison, reflecting the city’s growing importance in the region.

Significant additions and ornamentation were made in the 15th and 16th centuries, still during Bohemian rule, with the introduction of the iconic tower, astronomical clock, and richly decorated facades. After 1526, Wrocław came under the control of the Habsburg Monarchy (Austria), and the Town Hall continued to serve as the administrative heart of the city. When Prussia took over in 1741, following the Silesian Wars, the building retained its civic function under the Kingdom of Prussia, adapting to new political realities while preserving its historical identity.

Remarkably, the Town Hall survived World War II with minimal damage, despite much of the surrounding city being devastated while under German rule as part of Nazi Germany. After 1945, when Wrocław became part of post-war Poland, the building was restored and eventually transformed into a museum and cultural venue. Today, the Old Town Hall is home to the Museum of Bourgeois Art and remains a symbol of Wrocław’s layered history, standing proudly in the heart of the Market Square (Rynek).

Piwnica Świdnicka, established in 1273, is one of Europe’s oldest restaurants and Poland’s oldest, located in the medieval cellars of Wrocław’s Old Town Hall. Named after the nearby city of Świdnica, renowned for its beer in the Middle Ages, the restaurant originally served Świdnica beer, leading to its name, which translates to “Świdnica Cellar.” Over the centuries, Piwnica Świdnicka has hosted numerous notable figures, including Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund (1420), composer Frédéric Chopin, and poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Location: Wroclaw Old Town Hall, Ratusz we Wrocławiu, Sukiennice, Wrocław, Poland

Click here to read our blog about Explore the Towers of Wrocław - A Self-Guided Walk

4. Solny Square (Plac Solny)

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Emil1234

Walk to the west, to the south of the town hall heading for Solny Square. Look for:

A28: Sprinkler At the Main Square
A29: Disabled Dwarfs Next to entrance to Old Town Hall
A30: Helpey In front of “Krasnal Info” Sukiennice 12
A31: Tourist In front of Center of Tourist Information Rynek 14
A32: Powerie On the corner of Solny Square and Main Square
A33: Banker Adjacent to box-shaped building at the square, Rynek 9/11
A34: Leszko from Wrocław Lantern in front of Old Town Hall Rynek, plac Gołębi

Solny Square (Plac Solny), originally built in 1242 during Wrocław’s reconstruction after the Mongol invasion, served as a marketplace for salt, leather, honey, and beeswax until the 19th century.

Under Bohemian rule in the 15th century, it became the site of religious upheaval, when the inquisitor John of Capistrano incited mass bonfires of personal belongings and the execution of local Jews. These events were later commemorated in 1996 with the Little Spire sculpture, inspired by Wrocław’s Centennial Hall Spire.

In the 19th century, the square was renamed Blücherplatz after a monument to Prussian field marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, known for his victories against Napoleon. The statue was removed and buried during World War II, later melted down when Wrocław became part of Poland.

Today, Solny Square is best known for its 24-hour flower market, along with notable landmarks such as the dragon fountain (1997), the Old Stock Exchange (1822) at no 16, the Oppenheimer House (18th century), and a 1920s modernist building. Beneath the square lies a WWII bunker, though it is not open to the public.

Location: Plac Solny, Plac Solny, Wrocław, Poland

Explore Wrocław yourself with our self-guided walking tour!

5. The Market Square (Rynek)

As you walk north through the Market Square look for:

A35: Pigeon-keeper Windowsill of “Spiż” restaurant Rynek – Ratusz 2
A36: Partner Wiesdwarf Windowsill of New Town Hall ul. Sukiennice 9
A37: Water Pump Dwarf Next to “Pod Fredrą” restaurant
A38: Well-wisher Rynek Adjacent to fountain

Dating back to the early 13th century, the Market Square was established under Magdeburg Law during the reign of Duke Henry I the Bearded. Over time, grand patrician houses were built around the square, forming a harmonious and architecturally rich urban ensemble. Despite centuries of change, the square remains a symbol of Wrocław’s historical legacy, serving as a dynamic meeting place for both locals and visitors. With its blend of history, culture, and modern energy, the Market Square continues to be the beating heart of the city.

You can see the Aleksander Fredro Monument, is a statue dedicated to Poland’s most famous playwright and satirist, Aleksander Fredro (1793–1876). The monument portrays Fredro seated, holding a book, symbolizing his legacy as a writer of comedies, poetry, and satirical works that shaped Polish literature. Originally erected in Lviv (now Ukraine) in 1897, the statue was moved to Wrocław after World War II, as part of the post-war population and cultural shifts between Poland and the Soviet Union.

Another feature of the market square is the “Zdrój” Fountain is a modern art installation located in Wrocław’s Market Square (Rynek). Designed by Professor Alojzy Gryt from the Academy of Fine Arts, the fountain was unveiled in 2001. The fountain’s introduction sparked debate due to its modern aesthetic contrasting with the historic architecture of the square.

Location: Market Square, Wrocław, Poland

6. Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Jar.ciurus

In the North west corner of the square beyond the ‘Hansel and Gretal House’ lie:
A19: Sleepyhead Behind ten ement house “Jaś” ul. Św. Mikołaja
A13: Fireman Behind tenement house “Jaś” ul. Św. Mikołaja
A22: Veteran In front of St. Elisabeth (Garrison) Church ul. Św. Mikołaja

Just beyond that is the Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth.

Climbing the tower of the Garrison Church of St. Elizabeth is an exhilarating experience that rewards visitors with one of the most breathtaking panoramic views of Wrocław’s Old Town. The journey begins at the church’s entrance, where a narrow, winding staircase of over 300 stone steps leads to the top. The ascent is steep and can be challenging, but as light filters through small Gothic-style windows, offering glimpses of the city below, the excitement builds with every step. The air grows cooler as visitors near the summit, and finally, they emerge onto the open-air viewing platform, standing 91 meters above the city.

The reward is a spectacular, unobstructed view of Wrocław’s iconic landmarks, stretching from the colorful Market Square (Rynek) below to the Oder River, with its many islands and bridges weaving through the cityscape. The towering spires of Ostrów Tumski rise in the distance, while modern skyscrapers contrast against the medieval rooftops. The historic charm of Wrocław unfolds beneath their feet, offering a unique perspective on its architectural beauty and rich history. Whether at sunrise, sunset, or in the golden afternoon light, standing atop the Garrison Church’s tower feels like stepping into a timeless postcard of Wrocław.

Location: Bazylika Mniejsza pw. Św. Elżbiety we Wrocławiu, Świętej Elżbiety, Wrocław, Poland | Hours: April to October, daily 10:00 AM until 7:00 PM. | Price: 10 PLN adults

7. Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Barbara Maliszewska

Head back to the main square and continue around:

A43: Leader “PRL” club entrance Rynek – Ratusz 10
A06: Globetaster In front of Pizza Hut Rynek 48
A07: Smithie On the corner of Wita Stwosza / Kuźnicza str.
A39: Ringer Facade of “Bernard” restaurant Rynek 35
A40: Lady Tourist Corner of Main Square and Kurzy Targ str
In the South east of the square walk along Kurzy Targ. You will pass:

A41:Gingerbread Dwarf Entrance to Piernikarnia (Gingerbread bakery) ul. Kurzy Targ 5

Turn left onto Szewska to reach Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene. On Szewska you will find:

A27: Keymaker On stairs in front of entrance ul. Szewska 74
A42: Chopper-dwarf Maria Magdalena Church entrance ul. Szewska

Walking through the historic streets of Wrocław, the towering Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene immediately catches the eye with its imposing Gothic architecture. As visitors approach, they admire the detailed brickwork and pointed arches, remnants of a medieval era when the church served as a vital religious and cultural center. Stepping inside, they are greeted by the expansive, high-vaulted ceilings and the serene atmosphere that has stood the test of time. Though partially damaged during World War II, the restored interior still holds a sense of grandeur, with its stone columns and traces of medieval frescoes hinting at its former splendor.

One of the most thrilling parts of the visit is the Penitent Bridge (Mostek Pokutnic), a narrow passage connecting the cathedral’s two towers. Climbing the steep stairway, visitors finally emerge onto the bridge, where they are rewarded with a panoramic view of Wrocław’s rooftops, the Oder River, and the Market Square below. As the wind rushes through the open space, they recall the legend of young women’s souls trapped on the bridge, adding a mystical charm to the experience. Looking out over the city, they take a moment to appreciate the cathedral—not just as a historic monument, but as a timeless guardian of Wrocław’s ever-changing skyline.

Location: Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene, Szewska, Wrocław, Poland | Hours: 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM | Price: Penitents' Bridge 10 PLN

8. Wroclaw Market Hall

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Troy

The Wrocław Market Hall (Hala Targowa) is a historic marketplace that has remained a culinary and cultural hub for over a century. Designed by Richard Plüddemann, the market hall was constructed between 1906 and 1908, when the city was still part of the German Empire. At the time, it was known as “Breslauer Markthalle Nr 1” and was considered groundbreaking due to its reinforced concrete trusses, a pioneering engineering technique for the era. Its impressive Neo-Gothic brick façade and spacious, light-filled interior created an inviting space for vendors and shoppers alike, reflecting the city’s growing need for organized indoor trade.

Located near the Main Market Square and Wrocław’s Old Town, the Market Hall played a key role in transforming the bustling street markets into a more structured commercial space. Built alongside a smaller, now-lost counterpart on Kolejowa Street, it helped regulate and modernize Wrocław’s trade scene. Remarkably, Hala Targowa survived World War II with minimal damage, unlike the Kolejowa Hall, which was destroyed and later demolished in 1973. Today, the market remains one of Wrocław’s largest and most popular trading centers, offering fresh produce, meats, cheeses, flowers, and artisanal goods, ensuring its lasting relevance in the city’s daily life.

Location: Piaskowa 17, Stoisko 11, 50-158, 50-001 Wrocław, Poland | Hours: Monday to Friday: 08:00 AM – 06:30 PM Saturday: 08:00 AM – 03:00 PM Sunday: Closed

9. Wrocław Cathedral

The Cathedral of Saint Vincent and Saint James is a magnificent Gothic cathedral located in Wrocław’s Old Town, serving as both a place of worship and an architectural masterpiece. Recognized as one of Poland’s Historic Monuments, it stands as a symbol of the city’s rich history and religious heritage. Beyond its spiritual significance, the cathedral’s intricate design and historical role make it an essential landmark for visitors exploring Wrocław’s past.

The cathedral’s origins date back to Duke Henry II the Pious, who, in collaboration with Franciscan monks from Prague, initiated its construction around 1240, possibly as early as 1232 or 1234. Initially built in the Romanesque style and dedicated to Saint James, its fate changed dramatically when Duke Henry II was killed in 1241, leading to the cathedral becoming his final resting place. Completed by 1254, the church played a pivotal role in Wrocław’s development, notably when it hosted the announcement of the city’s foundation under Magdeburg Law on December 16, 1261. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the cathedral underwent significant expansion, preserving its Gothic character while incorporating a quadrangle monastery, a rare architectural feature in the region.

The 17th and 18th centuries brought major interior transformations, marked by Baroque influences and the addition of ornate furnishings. One of the most remarkable features from this period is the 1667 altar, crafted by Franz Zeller and Georg Czermak, alongside the Hochberg Chapel, a late Baroque addition built by Christoph Hackner. The cathedral’s history also includes its set of three bells, which were taken to Hamburg during World War II for potential wartime use but miraculously survived. Today, these bells have been relocated, with one residing in the Saint Antonius Church in Lippstadt, while the other two are part of the “Memorial of the German East” at Burg Castle in North Rhine-Westphalia. Through centuries of change, the Cathedral of Saint Vincent and Saint James remains a historical and spiritual landmark, connecting Wrocław’s past with its present.

10. National Museum of Wroclaw

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Wrocław

The National Museum in Wrocław, established in 1947 and officially opened in 1948, is a key cultural institution and an integral part of Poland’s National Museum system. It is particularly known for its extensive collection of contemporary art, making it an important center for modern artistic expression. The museum’s holdings are deeply connected to the historical border shifts in Central Europe following World War II, particularly the annexation of Poland’s eastern territories by the Soviet Union. As a result, many valuable artworks from cities like Lviv were relocated, with the Wrocław Museum becoming a custodian of these dispersed collections, including Polish and European paintings from the 17th to 19th centuries.

The museum’s exhibition spaces are divided into four main departments, each highlighting different artistic periods and historical themes. The Silesian Art of the 12th to 16th Century section features Gothic art, tombs of Silesian princes, and religious artifacts, while the Silesian Art of the 16th to 19th Century showcases Renaissance to Romantic-era sculptures, paintings, and decorative arts. The Polish Art of the 17th to 19th Century collection includes Baroque portraits by artists like Marceli Bacciarelli and Canaletto, offering insights into Poland’s artistic heritage. Lastly, the European Art of the 15th to 20th Century section presents a broad spectrum of art movements and styles, allowing visitors to explore centuries of European creativity.

11. Raclawice Panorama

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Daniel.zolopa

The Racławice Panorama is a monumental cycloramic painting, measuring 15 by 114 meters, that vividly depicts the Battle of Racławice during the Kościuszko Uprising. This historic battle was a crucial yet ultimately unsuccessful attempt to defend Polish independence. As one of the few surviving 19th-century panoramic artworks, the Racławice Panorama holds a special place in Poland’s cultural heritage, being the country’s oldest preserved panorama. The painting is displayed in a circular format, fully immersing visitors in its dramatic scenes. With its expert use of perspective, lighting effects, and artificial terrain, it creates a powerful illusion of depth, making viewers feel as if they are standing on the battlefield itself.

The panorama was conceived by Jan Styka in Lwów (now Lviv), who collaborated with Wojciech Kossak and a team of artists to bring the ambitious project to life. After World War II, the artwork was transported to Wrocław, along with part of the Ossoliński Institute’s collection. However, due to its politically sensitive themes, the painting remained hidden for years under communist rule. Thanks to the persistent efforts of Volunteer Committees, the panorama was eventually restored and reopened to the public on June 14, 1985. Since then, it has become one of Wrocław’s most iconic attractions, drawing visitors eager to experience this masterpiece of historical and artistic significance.

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