Vannes: The Complete Guide

Vannes is a picturesque town in Brittany that effortlessly blends medieval charm with the easygoing spirit of coastal life. Its compact old town is filled with half-timbered houses, flower-draped balconies, and cobbled streets that invite slow wandering. The marina, just beyond the historic walls, connects the town to the stunning Gulf of Morbihan, offering a fresh sea breeze and plenty of spots to relax with a galette and a glass of Breton cider. Whether you’re into shopping, café-hopping, or simply people-watching, Vannes feels both lively and laid-back.

Beyond its atmospheric streets, Vannes serves as a perfect launch point for exploring the natural beauty of southern Brittany. Boat trips to the Gulf of Morbihan’s islands are easily arranged from the port, while nearby beaches, gardens, and scenic trails make for peaceful afternoon escapes. Whether you’re visiting as a stop on a road trip or planning to linger for a few days, Vannes strikes a lovely balance between heritage and leisure, with just enough coastal energy to keep things interesting.

History of Vannes

Vannes: Celtic and Roman Foundations

Vannes traces its earliest origins to the Veneti, a powerful Celtic seafaring people who thrived in the region before the arrival of the Romans. This early tribe gave the city its name and established a fortified settlement that controlled much of the coastal trade in the region. In the 1st century BCE, the Roman conquest led by Julius Caesar subdued the Veneti, and Vannes (then known as Darioritum) was incorporated into the Roman Empire. Under Roman rule, the city expanded with paved roads, aqueducts, baths, and a structured forum, becoming a key administrative and commercial center in Armorica.

As the Roman influence grew, Vannes became increasingly integrated into the empire’s infrastructure. The town’s strategic location near the coast allowed for strong trade links, and the Roman legacy is still visible in parts of the city today, with remnants of ancient walls and urban planning influencing the modern layout.

Vannes: Early Christianity and Medieval Development

By the 5th century, Vannes had become a bishopric and began to emerge as a spiritual center. The rise of Christianity in the region led to the construction of early religious buildings, including the first versions of the cathedral that would later dominate the city’s skyline. During the early medieval period, Vannes maintained its significance through both religious and administrative roles, often serving as a seat of regional power.

In the later medieval centuries, Vannes became one of the ducal residences of the independent Duchy of Brittany. Its fortified walls were strengthened, and trade flourished thanks to its growing port. The city played a key role in the political landscape of Brittany, hosting ducal courts and important councils. Many of the half-timbered houses and cobbled streets in the old town date from this era of expansion and prosperity.

Vannes: Renaissance to Revolution

During the Renaissance, Vannes benefited from a period of relative peace and continued prosperity. The town attracted scholars, merchants, and artisans, and its architecture began to reflect a blend of Gothic and Renaissance styles. However, like much of France, Vannes faced turmoil during the Wars of Religion in the 16th century, with tensions between Catholic and Protestant factions affecting civic life.

The French Revolution in the late 18th century brought sweeping changes to Vannes. The church lost much of its power and property, while administrative reforms reorganized the town’s role within the national structure. Despite these shifts, the city retained much of its historical character, and its importance as a regional center continued into the modern era.

Vannes: 19th Century Growth and Modernization

The 19th century marked a period of modernization for Vannes. The arrival of the railway in the mid-1800s connected the town more closely to the rest of France, spurring economic growth and increased tourism. Public buildings, schools, and transportation infrastructure were developed, while the port expanded its operations, linking Brittany more efficiently to global trade networks.

Culturally, Vannes began to embrace its Breton identity more publicly during this time, with local language, folklore, and costume seeing a revival. While modernization brought changes, there was also a growing appreciation for preserving the city’s architectural and historical heritage.

Vannes: 20th Century to Today

In the 20th century, Vannes continued to evolve, balancing its role as a historic town with that of a growing administrative and tourist destination. While it was affected by both World Wars, it suffered relatively little destruction compared to other towns, allowing its medieval core to remain largely intact. Post-war reconstruction focused on integrating new development while respecting the historic landscape.

Today, Vannes is celebrated for its cultural richness, medieval architecture, and vibrant relationship with the Gulf of Morbihan. It has become a hub for tourism, education, and regional administration while maintaining a deep connection to its Celtic and Breton heritage. The city’s history is not only preserved in its buildings and museums but also in its festivals, local traditions, and enduring maritime identity.

Visiting Vannes for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Vannes on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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This complete guide to Vannes not only tells you about the very best sights and tourist attractions for first-time visitors to the city but also provide insights into a few of our personal favorite things to do.

This is a practical guide to visiting the best places to see in Vannes and is filled with tips and info that should answer all your questions!

Hôtel de Ville, Vannes

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Mairedevannes

The Hôtel de Ville de Vannes stands as a prominent example of 19th-century civic architecture in Brittany. Situated on Place Maurice-Marchais, this Renaissance Revival-style building was constructed between 1880 and 1886, replacing a dilapidated medieval town hall. Designed by local architect Amand Charrier, the new edifice was envisioned to reflect the republican ideals of the time and to serve as…

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Location: Hôtel de Ville de Vannes, Place Maurice Marchais, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Hôtel de Ville, Vannes

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Musée des beaux-arts de Vannes

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Fab5669

The Musée des Beaux-Arts de Vannes, also known as La Cohue, is a cultural gem located in the heart of Vannes, Brittany. Housed in a historic medieval marketplace, this museum beautifully blends history and art, offering visitors a unique experience. Highlights of the Museum: Permanent Collection: The museum showcases works from the 19th and 20th centuries, including pieces by renowned…

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Location: Musée des beaux-arts de Vannes, La Cohue, Place Saint-Pierre, Vannes, France | Website | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Musée des beaux-arts de Vannes

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Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Vannes

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Donar Reiskoffer

The Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Vannes, located in the heart of Vannes, Brittany, is a magnificent Roman Catholic cathedral with a rich history spanning centuries. It serves as the seat of the Bishop of Vannes and holds the title of a minor basilica, granted in 1870. The cathedral is one of the seven stops on the Tro Breiz pilgrimage, a route…

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Location: Cathédrale Saint-Pierre, Rue des Chanoines, Vannes, France | Website | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Vannes

Explore Vannes yourself with our self-guided walking tour!

Vannes et sa Femme

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Fab5669

​Vannes et sa Femme is a cherished symbol of Vannes, Brittany, and a delightful example of Renaissance-era public art. This polychrome granite sculpture, dating from the early 16th century, features the jovial busts of a man and a woman, their expressive faces emerging from the corner of a half-timbered house in the city's historic centre. The sculpture is located at…

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Location: Vannes et sa Femme, Rue des Halles, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting Vannes et sa Femme

Musée d'histoire et d'archéologie de Vannes

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Frédéric BISSON

The Musée d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Vannes, housed in the historic Château Gaillard, is a treasure trove of artifacts and exhibits that trace the rich history of Vannes and the surrounding region. This 15th-century urban manor, classified as a historic monument, provides a fitting backdrop for the museum's extensive collections, which span from prehistory to the Gallo-Roman era and beyond.…

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Location: Musee D'histoire Et D'archeologie, Rue Noé, Vannes, France | Hours: OIpen daily from June to September, 1:30 PM to 6 PM | Website | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting Musée d'histoire et d'archéologie de Vannes

Place des Lices

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Zairon

The Place des Lices in Vannes is a historic and vibrant square that has been a central part of the city's life since the 14th century. Originally designed as a space for medieval tournaments and outdoor activities, its name, "Lices," refers to the lists or enclosed areas used for jousting. Over time, the square evolved into a bustling hub of…

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Location: Place des Lices, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.4km

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Visiting Place des Lices

Remparts de Vannes

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Giorgio Galeotti

The Remparts de Vannes are a stunning historical feature of the city of Vannes in Brittany, France. These fortifications, built between the 3rd and 17th centuries, were designed to protect the city and reflect its evolving architectural styles over time. The original Roman castrum was constructed in the 3rd century to defend against Germanic invasions, and later expansions during the…

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Location: Remparts de Vannes, Rue des Vierges, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.4km

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Visiting Remparts de Vannes

Port of Vannes

The Port of Vannes, nestled in the heart of the city, is a vibrant hub that seamlessly blends maritime activity with cultural charm. Historically significant, the port has been a focal point of trade and travel since ancient times, evolving into a modern marina while retaining its historical essence. Its strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Morbihan…

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Location: Port Vannes, France | Distance: 0.5km

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Visiting Port of Vannes

Porte Saint Vincent

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Jean-Christophe BENOIST

The Porte Saint-Vincent is a prominent historical gateway in Vannes, Brittany, serving as the main entrance to the city's old town. Constructed between the late 16th and early 17th centuries, it replaced the earlier Kaër-Calmont gate to provide improved access from the port to the walled city. Designed by Breton architect Jean Bugeau, the gate exemplifies Baroque architecture, featuring a…

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Location: Porte Saint Vincent, Place Gambetta, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.5km

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Visiting Porte Saint Vincent

Château de l’Hermine

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Zairon

The Château de l’Hermine in Vannes, Brittany, is a historic site that has undergone significant transformations over the centuries. Originally constructed between 1380 and 1385 by Duke Jean IV of Brittany, it served as a ducal residence and was integrated into the city's fortifications. In the late 18th century, the original medieval structure was replaced by the Hôtel Lagorce, a…

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Location: Château de l'Hermine, Rue Porte Poterne, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.5km

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Visiting Château de l’Hermine

Lavoirs de la Garenne

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Zairon

The Lavoirs de la Garenne in Vannes are historic public washhouses that offer a glimpse into 19th-century daily life. Constructed between 1817 and 1821, these structures were built along the right bank of the Marle River to provide sheltered spaces for local women, known as lavandières, to wash laundry. The washhouses feature timber framing on stone foundations, with slate-covered galleries…

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Location: Lavoirs de la Garenne, Rue Porte Poterne, Vannes, France | Distance: 0.5km

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Visiting Lavoirs de la Garenne

Conleau Peninsula

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Stéphane Batigne

The Conleau Peninsula, located just 5 kilometers south of Vannes, is a charming and tranquil retreat in the Gulf of Morbihan. Once an island, it was connected to the mainland in the 19th century and has since become a popular destination for both locals and visitors seeking relaxation and natural beauty. Highlights of the Conleau Peninsula: Seawater Swimming Pool: A…

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Location: Presqu'île de Conleau, Vannes, France | Distance: 3.6km

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Visiting Conleau Peninsula

A day trip from Vannes offers the perfect opportunity to escape the urban rhythm and discover the surrounding region's charm. Whether you're drawn to scenic countryside, historic villages, or cultural landmarks, the area around Vannes provides a variety of easy-to-reach destinations ideal for a one-day itinerary. If you are looking to rent a car in France I recommend having a look at Discover Cars, first, as they compare prices and review multiple car rental agencies for you.

Forteresse de Largoët

Forteresse de Largoët, also known as the Tours d'Elven, is a medieval stronghold located in Elven, Brittany, France. Originally constructed in the 13th century, the fortress was expanded in the 15th century, becoming one of the most imposing castles in the region. Its most striking feature is the octagonal keep, which stands at an impressive height of 45 meters, making…

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Location: Forteresse de Largoët, Allée des Tours de l'Argoet, Elven, France | Distance: 12.9km

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Visiting Forteresse de Largoët

Château de Suscinio

CC BY-SA 4.0 / DXR

Château de Suscinio is a breathtaking medieval fortress nestled in the lush landscapes of Brittany, France. Originally constructed in the 13th century as a hunting lodge for the Dukes of Brittany, it gradually expanded into a grand castle with formidable defenses. Surrounded by marshlands and close to the Atlantic coast, its strategic location made it a desirable retreat while also…

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Location: Château de Suscinio, Route du Duc Jean V, Sarzeau, France | Hours: January: 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. From February 8 to March 31: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. April, May, June: 10 a.m. – 7 p.m. July and August: 9:30 a.m. – 7:30 p.m. September: 10 a.m. – 7 p.m. October, All Saints' Day holidays: 10 a.m. – 6 p.m. November and December (excluding school holidays): 2 p.m. - 6 p.m. Christmas holidays: 10 – 6 p.m.| Price: €12 | Website | Distance: 16.4km

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Visiting Château de Suscinio

Alignements of Carnac

The Alignements of Carnac, located in Brittany, France, are one of the most significant prehistoric sites in Europe. These megalithic formations consist of over 3,000 standing stones, arranged in long, parallel rows stretching for nearly 4 kilometers. Dating back to the Neolithic period (4500–3300 BC), they are believed to have been erected by early inhabitants of the region. The sheer…

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Location: Alignements of Carnac, Carnac, France | Distance: 25.4km

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Visiting Alignements of Carnac

Château de Josselin

CC BY-SA 3.0 / JLPC

Château de Josselin is a stunning medieval fortress located in the town of Josselin, in Brittany, France. Dating back to the 11th century, the château has a rich and fascinating history, having undergone significant architectural transformations over the centuries. Originally built as a defensive stronghold by the powerful House of Rohan, it played a crucial role in medieval conflicts. The…

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Location: Château de Josselin, Place de la Congrégation, Josselin, France | Hours: From April 12 to June 30: every day from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. From July 1 to August 31: every day from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. From September 1 to 28: every day from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. | Price: €11.50 | Website | Distance: 36.3km

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Visiting Château de Josselin

Château de Pontivy

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Calips

Château des Rohan, also known as Château de Pontivy, is a remarkable fortress located in Pontivy, Brittany, France. Constructed between the 15th and 16th centuries under the command of Jean II de Rohan, it reflects the transition from medieval military strongholds to Renaissance-style residences. Unlike earlier castles designed purely for defense, Château des Rohan blends fortification with aristocratic elegance, embodying…

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Location: Château de Pontivy, 63 Rue du Général de Gaulle, 56300 Pontivy, France | Website | Distance: 48.2km

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Visiting Château de Pontivy

Pont-Aven

Pont-Aven, a picturesque town in Brittany, France, is renowned for its artistic heritage and stunning natural landscapes. Nestled along the Aven River, the town has long attracted painters, most notably Paul Gauguin, who helped establish the Pont-Aven School of Art in the late 19th century. The town’s charm lies in its quaint streets, historic mills, and vibrant galleries, which continue…

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Location: Pont-Aven, France | Distance: 77.1km

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Visiting Pont-Aven

Concarneau

Concarneau’s most striking feature is its Ville Close, a medieval fortress island tucked into the heart of the harbour. Encircled by ramparts and flanked by granite towers dating back to the 14th century, the narrow cobbled streets within invite leisurely exploration. Quaint cafés spill onto tiny squares, while artisan shops sell everything from Breton linens to handcrafted galettes. As you…

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Visiting Concarneau

Rennes

Rennes, in the Brittany region, offers a perfect mix of traditional character and modern flair. Rennes is one of the most underrated cities in France. Its half-timbered houses, winding streets, and lively squares create a charming backdrop for exploring on foot. The city feels youthful and energetic, thanks in part to its large student population and vibrant cultural scene. Beyond…

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Visiting Rennes

Nantes

Nantes is a dynamic city on the Loire River, known for its blend of modernity and rich cultural heritage. Visitors can explore its picturesque parks, trendy boutiques, and a thriving food scene that showcases local specialties. The Les Machines de l'île amusement park, featuring the mechanical elephant and other fantastical creatures, is a must-see for families and those interested in…

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Visiting Nantes

Dinan & Léhon

Dinan, nestled on a hill with sweeping views of the Rance Valley, resides in Upper Brittany within the Côtes-d'Armor department. This ancient Town of Art and History, encircled by impressive ramparts stretching over three kilometres, traces its roots back to the Celtic period. However, it was in the 9th century that monks first established themselves along the Rance River. The…

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Visiting Dinan & Léhon

Quimper

Quimper is one of the most atmospheric towns in Brittany, known for its half-timbered houses, winding cobbled lanes, and strong Breton identity. The town feels effortlessly welcoming, with the Odet River running through its center and bridges connecting one picturesque view to the next. It's a place best explored slowly—wandering from artisan shops to crêperies, pausing to listen to street…

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Visiting Quimper

Saint-Malo

Saint-Malo, located in the Brittany region, is a walled coastal city known for its striking views, lively harbor, and dramatic tides. Walking along the ramparts offers sweeping panoramas of the sea, nearby islands, and the charming rooftops within the old town. Its mix of maritime energy and medieval architecture makes it a captivating place to explore on foot. The town…

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Visiting Saint-Malo

Vitré

CC BY-SA 3.0 / VIGNERON

Visiting Vitré is like stepping into the pages of a medieval storybook. The moment you arrive, the cobbled streets and half-timbered houses set the tone for a town that has preserved its charm without feeling staged. The Château de Vitré dominates the skyline, its towers rising above the rooftops like a watchful sentinel. But it’s the smaller details—the creaking wooden…

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Visiting Vitré

Cancale

Cancale is a charming fishing village nestled on the edge of the Brittany coastline, best known for its oysters, sea views, and relaxed atmosphere. A visit here offers a peaceful yet flavorful experience, especially if you arrive in the morning when the tide is out and the oyster beds stretch across the bay. The waterfront promenade, lined with traditional seafood…

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Visiting Cancale

Mont Saint Michel

Visiting Mont Saint Michel is an unforgettable experience, with its breathtaking beauty and captivating atmosphere. The island commune, perched atop a rocky hill, is surrounded by tidal waters and offers stunning panoramic views from its ramparts. As you approach, the abbey rises majestically into the sky, while the charming cobbled streets and medieval architecture draw visitors into a world frozen…

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Visiting Mont Saint Michel

Brest

Tucked into the rugged western tip of Brittany, Brest is a fascinating city shaped by the sea, known for its powerful maritime atmosphere, sweeping bay views, and modern energy. It’s not your typical medieval Breton town—it’s more dynamic and contemporary, rebuilt after WWII with an eye toward function rather than ornament. What it may lack in old-world charm, it makes…

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Visiting Brest