Paris: The Complete Guide

Paris, in the Île-de-France region, is a city that effortlessly blends classic beauty with vibrant, modern life. Whether you’re walking along the Seine, sipping coffee at a café, or admiring the Eiffel Tower at sunset, the atmosphere is unmistakably stylish and romantic. The city’s neighborhoods each have their own charm, from the artistic vibe of Montmartre to the elegance of Saint-Germain-des-Prés.

Beyond the famous landmarks, Paris invites you to slow down and take in its everyday pleasures—like browsing open-air markets, enjoying fresh pastries, or discovering quiet courtyards tucked behind busy streets. Its parks, museums, and riverside paths offer countless ways to explore at your own pace. Whether it’s your first visit or your fifth, Paris always has something new to offer.

History of Paris

Paris in Ancient Times (Before 5th Century AD)

Paris began as a settlement by the Parisii, a Celtic tribe, before being developed into a Roman city called Lutetia. The Romans built bridges, baths, and forums, establishing it as a local center of administration and trade. Over time, Lutetia transitioned into Paris and became more fortified as Roman control declined.

Paris in the Early Middle Ages (5th – 10th Century)

During the early medieval period, Paris saw its importance grow under the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties. It became a strategic location during Viking invasions, notably resisting a siege in the 9th century. This era laid the foundation for the city’s emerging political and religious significance.

Paris in the High Middle Ages (11th – 14th Century)

By the 12th century, Paris had become a thriving intellectual and cultural hub. The University of Paris was established, attracting scholars from across Europe. Gothic architecture flourished, with iconic constructions like Notre-Dame Cathedral taking shape.

Paris in the Renaissance and Early Modern Period (15th – 18th Century)

This period saw Paris grow in sophistication and influence, serving as a royal seat and cultural center. Artistic and architectural developments were prominent, alongside growing urbanization. Political tension also intensified, leading to episodes like the Wars of Religion and later the rise of absolutist rule.

Paris in the 19th Century

The 19th century brought dramatic transformation to Paris, with large-scale urban redesign under Baron Haussmann. Wide boulevards, modern sewage systems, and iconic architecture reshaped the city. This era also saw the rise of cafés, literary salons, and artistic movements that helped define Parisian culture.

Paris in the 20th Century to Present

Throughout the 20th century, Paris played central roles in both World Wars and evolved as a symbol of art, fashion, and intellectual life. The city expanded, modernized, and welcomed waves of cultural diversity. Today, Paris continues to blend its historic identity with a dynamic, global outlook.

Visiting Paris for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Paris on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

1. Visit the Eiffel Tower in Paris

The Eiffel Tower is Paris’s most iconic landmark and a must-see for first-time visitors. You can take an elevator or climb the stairs to enjoy panoramic views of the city. At night, the tower sparkles with lights, creating a magical scene.

2. Explore the Louvre Museum in Paris

The Louvre is one of the world’s most famous museums, home to masterpieces like the Mona Lisa and the Venus de Milo. Its vast collection spans centuries and continents. The glass pyramid entrance is a striking blend of modern design and classic grandeur.

3. Stroll Through Montmartre in Paris

Montmartre is a hilltop neighborhood known for its bohemian history and artistic spirit. The winding streets lead to the white-domed Sacré-Cœur Basilica, which offers incredible views over Paris. It’s also filled with charming cafés, art studios, and street performers.

4. Walk Along the Seine River in Paris

A walk along the Seine is one of the most relaxing ways to experience Paris. The riverside paths pass by landmarks, bridges, and the famous bouquinistes selling books and art. You can also enjoy a boat cruise to see the city from a different perspective.

5. Discover Notre-Dame Cathedral in Paris

Although currently under restoration, Notre-Dame remains a powerful symbol of Paris with its Gothic architecture and storied past. Visitors can admire the façade, the flying buttresses, and the surrounding Île de la Cité. It’s a beautiful stop for photos and history.

6. Relax in the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris

The Luxembourg Gardens are perfect for a peaceful break in the heart of the city. You’ll find statues, fountains, shaded pathways, and Parisians enjoying a quiet moment. It’s a favorite spot for locals and visitors alike.

7. Visit Sainte-Chapelle in Paris

Sainte-Chapelle is a Gothic chapel known for its breathtaking stained glass windows. The colorful light filtering through the panels creates a stunning effect inside. It’s a hidden gem that leaves a lasting impression.

8. Explore the Marais District in Paris

The Marais is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Paris, full of narrow streets, elegant mansions, and vibrant culture. It’s a great area for shopping, dining, and visiting smaller museums. The mix of old-world charm and modern energy makes it especially appealing.

9. See the Arc de Triomphe in Paris

The Arc de Triomphe stands proudly at the top of the Champs-Élysées and honors those who fought for France. Visitors can climb to the top for views of the avenue and the city’s grand layout. The monument is also a central site for national celebrations.

10. Visit the Musée d’Orsay in Paris

Housed in a former railway station, the Musée d’Orsay showcases art from the 19th and early 20th centuries. It’s especially famous for its Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collections, with works by Monet, Van Gogh, and Degas. The setting and artworks together make it a must-see for art lovers.