Biarritz: The Complete Guide

Visiting Biarritz is an unforgettable experience, thanks to its stunning coastal views, laid-back atmosphere, and vibrant surf culture. The city is known for its beautiful sandy beaches, perfect for sunbathing or surfing, as well as its impressive cliffs and dramatic coastal landscapes. Whether you’re strolling along the wide promenade by the beach, exploring the lively markets, or enjoying the art deco architecture, Biarritz offers a unique blend of natural beauty and modern charm. The lively atmosphere of the city makes it ideal for those who want both relaxation and adventure, with plenty of opportunities for water sports, shopping, and dining.

Biarritz is also a great base for exploring the surrounding Basque region. You can take a short drive to nearby towns such as Bayonne or Saint-Jean-de-Luz, or simply enjoy the local markets, where the influence of Basque culture can be seen in the food, language, and festivals. Whether you’re looking to explore the coastline, indulge in fine dining, or just enjoy the laid-back vibe of this seaside town, Biarritz has something for everyone. The city offers a combination of modern luxury and charming old-world ambiance, making it a perfect spot for a seaside escape.

History of Biarritz

Biarritz in Pre-History and Early Settlements

Before Biarritz became the glamorous seaside destination we know today, it was originally inhabited by the Basques. The region around Biarritz has a rich history of fishing, particularly whale hunting, which was a significant part of the local economy. The area also hosted early settlements, with evidence of human presence going back to prehistoric times. The Basque influence on the region remains a central aspect of its culture today, with its language, customs, and traditions continuing to thrive in modern Biarritz.

Biarritz in the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Biarritz was a modest fishing village. Its small port was used mainly for trade and fishing, while its strategic location on the Bay of Biscay made it a natural center for maritime activities. The town remained under the control of various powers, including the Dukes of Gascony, and later the French crown. Although not a large city by the standards of its time, it was well-connected to neighboring coastal towns and cities, playing a key role in regional trade.

Biarritz in the 19th Century – A Royal Destination

The real transformation of Biarritz began in the 19th century. In 1854, the town was chosen by Empress Eugénie de Montijo, wife of Emperor Napoleon III, as the site for her summer residence. This royal endorsement led to an influx of French aristocrats, foreign dignitaries, and high society figures who flocked to the town, seeking the exclusivity and glamour that Biarritz could now offer. The construction of a grand palace, the Hotel du Palais, further elevated the town’s status as a luxurious resort destination. Biarritz quickly became a favorite destination of European royalty and the wealthy elite.

Biarritz in the 20th Century – A Cultural Hub

As the 20th century unfolded, Biarritz solidified its reputation as a chic and cosmopolitan destination. The early part of the century saw an expansion of the town’s tourism infrastructure, including the building of casinos, theaters, and luxury hotels, to accommodate an increasing number of visitors. Biarritz also gained a strong foothold in the surf culture. In the 1950s, surfing was introduced to the town, and it soon became one of Europe’s premier surfing destinations. Today, Biarritz is home to world-class surf competitions, drawing surfers from all over the globe.

Biarritz in the 21st Century – Modern Day

Today, Biarritz is known as a blend of historic elegance and modern allure. While it still attracts the rich and famous, it has also become more accessible to a diverse range of visitors. The town has embraced its cultural diversity, offering a mix of Basque traditions, gourmet cuisine, and contemporary art. It remains a top destination for those seeking beautiful beaches, high-end shopping, and a vibrant cultural scene. The modern Biarritz continues to evolve while maintaining its historic charm, ensuring that its legacy as a seaside gem endures.

Visiting Biarritz for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Biarritz on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Biarritz’s Grand Plage

Biarritz’s Grand Plage is one of the most iconic beaches in France, known for its golden sands and lively atmosphere. It’s a fantastic spot for swimming, sunbathing, and people-watching, with stunning views of the Bay of Biscay. The beach is also lined with charming cafes and restaurants, offering the perfect place to relax after a day by the sea.

2. Rocher de la Vierge

The Rocher de la Vierge (Rock of the Virgin) is a famous rock formation in Biarritz, accessible via a footbridge. It offers panoramic views of the Atlantic Ocean and the town’s coastline, making it a popular spot for photos. The statue of the Virgin Mary perched on the rock adds to the site’s charm and religious significance.

3. Biarritz Lighthouse

Standing tall at 73 meters, the Biarritz Lighthouse is a must-visit for breathtaking views of the city and the Atlantic Ocean. You can climb to the top for a panoramic vista of the coastline and nearby towns. The lighthouse is located on the edge of the city, offering a peaceful escape from the bustling center.

4. Musée de la Mer (Museum of the Sea)

Located near the Biarritz lighthouse, the Musée de la Mer showcases marine life and the history of the town’s maritime heritage. The museum’s exhibits include a variety of sea creatures, including seals, and provides insight into the region’s fishing and surf culture. It’s a great place for families and those interested in the ocean’s wonders.

5. Les Halles de Biarritz

Les Halles is Biarritz’s vibrant market, where you can immerse yourself in the local food scene. From fresh seafood to Basque delicacies, the market offers a fantastic variety of gourmet products. The lively atmosphere makes it a great place to explore and sample local specialties like jambon de Bayonne or Basque cake.

6. Aquarium de Biarritz

The Aquarium de Biarritz offers an up-close view of the region’s aquatic life, including sharks, turtles, and various marine species. Located by the sea, it features both indoor and outdoor exhibits, showcasing the rich biodiversity of the Basque coast. It’s a fun and educational experience for visitors of all ages.

7. Port des Pêcheurs

The Port des Pêcheurs, or Fishermen’s Port, is a charming area filled with colorful fishing boats and seafood restaurants. It’s a peaceful spot where you can stroll along the harbor, enjoy the views, and savor fresh seafood at one of the nearby eateries. The atmosphere here is quintessentially Basque and perfect for a relaxing afternoon.

8. Basque Coast

The Basque Coast around Biarritz offers stunning natural beauty, with rugged cliffs, sandy beaches, and scenic hiking trails. You can explore the coastline on foot or by bike, taking in the breathtaking views of the Atlantic and the lush Basque countryside. Whether you’re surfing or simply enjoying the outdoors, the coast is a highlight of any visit.

9. Eglise Sainte-Eugénie

Eglise Sainte-Eugénie is an elegant 19th-century church located in the heart of Biarritz. Its beautiful interior, featuring stained glass windows and intricate woodwork, is a peaceful retreat. The church’s location offers stunning views over the town and the ocean, making it a lovely spot for quiet contemplation.

10. Golf de Biarritz Le Phare

For golf enthusiasts, Golf de Biarritz Le Phare is a must-visit. This historic golf course, set against a backdrop of stunning sea views, is one of the oldest in France. Whether you’re a seasoned golfer or a beginner, the course offers a beautiful setting for a round of golf.