Vitoria-Gasteiz: The Complete Guide
Vitoria-Gasteiz is the seat of government and the capital city of the Basque Country and the province of Araba/Álava in northern Spain. It hosts the autonomous community’s House of Parliament, the Government headquarters, and the Lehendakari’s official residence. The municipality, which includes the city and the surrounding 63 agricultural villages, is the largest in the Basque Country, covering a total area of 276.81 km², with a population of 252,571 people. Residents of Vitoria-Gasteiz are known as vitorianos or gasteiztarrak, and traditionally as babazorros.
Vitoria-Gasteiz is a multicultural city with notable strengths in healthcare, aeronautics, the vehicle industry, and gastronomy. It consistently ranks among the top five best places to live in Spain. It was the first Spanish municipality to receive the title of European Green Capital and has also been recognized by the UN with the Global Green City Award. The old town features some of the best-preserved medieval streets and plazas in the region and is one of the few cities with two cathedrals. The city hosts well-known festivals such as the Azkena Rock Festival, FesTVal, Vitoria-Gasteiz Jazz Festival, and the Virgen Blanca Festivities.
The vicinity of Vitoria-Gasteiz is home to world-renowned wineries such as Ysios and the Marqués de Riscal Hotel. It boasts significant heritage sites, including the Neolithic remains of Aizkomendi, Sorginetxe, and La Chabola de la Hechicera; Iron Age settlements such as Lastra and Buradón; ancient remains like the settlement of La Hoya and the Salt Valley of Añana; and numerous medieval fortresses such as the Tower of Mendoza and the Tower of Varona.
Ludwig van Beethoven dedicated his Opus 91, often called the “Battle of Vitoria” or “Wellington’s Victory,” to one of the most famous events of the Napoleonic Wars: the Battle of Vitoria. In this battle, a Spanish, Portuguese, and British army under the command of General the Marquess of Wellington defeated the French army and nearly captured the puppet king Joseph Bonaparte. It was a pivotal point in the Peninsular War and a precursor to the expulsion of the French from Spain. A memorial statue commemorating this event can be seen today in Virgen Blanca Square.
History of Vitoria-Gasteiz
Early Origins
Vitoria-Gasteiz, located in the Basque Country of northern Spain, has ancient roots dating back to prehistoric times. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of early settlements in the area, particularly in the surrounding hills.
Foundation and Medieval Period
The city was officially founded in 1181 by King Sancho VI of Navarre under the name Nueva Victoria. It was established as a defensive outpost and quickly developed into a thriving medieval town. During this period, Vitoria-Gasteiz was characterized by its strategic location, which made it a key military and trading hub.
The Battle of Vitoria
In 1813, the city became the site of the pivotal Battle of Vitoria during the Peninsular War. The battle, fought between the British, Portuguese, and Spanish forces against the French, resulted in a decisive victory for the Allies. This event significantly contributed to the liberation of Spain from Napoleonic rule and is commemorated annually in the city.
Industrialization and Modernization
The 19th century marked a period of industrial growth and modernization for Vitoria-Gasteiz. The city’s economy diversified, with the development of industries such as metallurgy, textiles, and machinery. This era also saw significant urban expansion and infrastructure improvements.
20th Century and Basque Identity
Throughout the 20th century, Vitoria-Gasteiz experienced continued growth and modernization. The city played an important role in the cultural and political movements of the Basque Country. In 1980, Vitoria-Gasteiz was designated the capital of the Basque Autonomous Community, further solidifying its significance in the region.
Contemporary Vitoria-Gasteiz
Today, Vitoria-Gasteiz is known for its blend of historical heritage and modern amenities. The city boasts a well-preserved medieval Old Town, expansive green spaces, and a vibrant cultural scene. It has earned recognition for its commitment to sustainability and quality of life, including being named the European Green Capital in 2012.
Vitoria-Gasteiz’s rich history, from its medieval origins to its modern achievements, reflects its enduring importance as a cultural, economic, and political center in the Basque Country.
Visiting Vitoria-Gasteiz for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Vitoria-Gasteiz on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!
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Best places to See in
1. Explore the Old Cathedral of Santa María
Visit the Old Cathedral of Santa María, a Gothic masterpiece undergoing continuous restoration. Guided tours provide insights into its architectural evolution and historical significance.
2. Wander Through the Medieval Old Town
Stroll through the well-preserved medieval Old Town, known as Casco Viejo. Highlights include narrow cobblestone streets, historic buildings, and charming plazas like Plaza de la Virgen Blanca and Plaza del Machete.
3. Discover the New Cathedral of María Inmaculada
Admire the New Cathedral of María Inmaculada, an impressive Neo-Gothic structure. The cathedral’s stunning stained glass windows and tranquil gardens are a must-see.
4. Relax at Parque de la Florida
Enjoy the lush greenery of Parque de la Florida, one of the city’s most beautiful parks. It features picturesque pathways, exotic plants, and a charming pond.
5. Visit the Artium Museum
Explore the Artium Museum, a contemporary art museum housing an extensive collection of modern and contemporary works by Basque and Spanish artists. The museum also hosts temporary exhibitions and cultural events.
6. Walk Along the Green Belt
Take a walk or bike ride along the Green Belt, a network of parks and natural areas surrounding the city. This green corridor offers scenic routes, diverse wildlife, and recreational areas.
7. Visit the Plaza de la Virgen Blanca
Spend time at Plaza de la Virgen Blanca, the heart of Vitoria-Gasteiz. It’s a popular gathering spot with beautiful gardens, historic buildings, and the iconic monument of The Battle of Vitoria.
8. Enjoy the Fine Arts Museum
Discover the Fine Arts Museum, located in a beautiful Renaissance mansion. The museum showcases a diverse collection of artworks, including Basque art from the 18th to 20th centuries.
9. Tour the Salburua Wetlands
Explore the Salburua Wetlands, a protected area that is part of the Green Belt. It’s an excellent spot for bird-watching, nature walks, and learning about local wildlife conservation efforts.
10. Experience Local Cuisine at the Mercado de Abastos
Visit the Mercado de Abastos, the city’s main market, to sample local produce and traditional Basque dishes. It’s a great place to experience the culinary culture of Vitoria-Gasteiz.
11. Explore the Museo de los Faroles
Check out the Museo de los Faroles, dedicated to the ornate lanterns used in the city’s religious processions. The museum offers a unique insight into this local tradition.
12. Visit the Ajuria Enea Palace
Admire the Ajuria Enea Palace, the official residence of the Lehendakari (President of the Basque Government). Although it’s not open to the public, the exterior architecture is worth seeing.
13. Attend a Festival or Cultural Event
Experience one of Vitoria-Gasteiz’s many festivals, such as the Azkena Rock Festival, the Vitoria-Gasteiz Jazz Festival, or the Virgen Blanca Festivities. These events showcase the city’s vibrant cultural scene.
14. Explore the Environmental Studies Center
1. Explore the Old Cathedral of Santa María
Visit the Old Cathedral of Santa María, a Gothic masterpiece undergoing continuous restoration. Guided tours provide insights into its architectural evolution and historical significance.
2. Wander Through the Medieval Old Town
Stroll through the well-preserved medieval Old Town, known as Casco Viejo. Highlights include narrow cobblestone streets, historic buildings, and charming plazas like Plaza de la Virgen Blanca and Plaza del Machete.
3. Discover the New Cathedral of María Inmaculada
Admire the New Cathedral of María Inmaculada, an impressive Neo-Gothic structure. The cathedral’s stunning stained glass windows and tranquil gardens are a must-see.
4. Relax at Parque de la Florida
Enjoy the lush greenery of Parque de la Florida, one of the city’s most beautiful parks. It features picturesque pathways, exotic plants, and a charming pond.
5. Visit the Artium Museum
Explore the Artium Museum, a contemporary art museum housing an extensive collection of modern and contemporary works by Basque and Spanish artists. The museum also hosts temporary exhibitions and cultural events.
6. Walk Along the Green Belt
Take a walk or bike ride along the Green Belt, a network of parks and natural areas surrounding the city. This green corridor offers scenic routes, diverse wildlife, and recreational areas.
7. Visit the Plaza de la Virgen Blanca
Spend time at Plaza de la Virgen Blanca, the heart of Vitoria-Gasteiz. It’s a popular gathering spot with beautiful gardens, historic buildings, and the iconic monument of The Battle of Vitoria.
8. Enjoy the Fine Arts Museum
Discover the Fine Arts Museum, located in a beautiful Renaissance mansion. The museum showcases a diverse collection of artworks, including Basque art from the 18th to 20th centuries.
9. Tour the Salburua Wetlands
Explore the Salburua Wetlands, a protected area that is part of the Green Belt. It’s an excellent spot for bird-watching, nature walks, and learning about local wildlife conservation efforts.
10. Experience Local Cuisine at the Mercado de Abastos
Visit the Mercado de Abastos, the city’s main market, to sample local produce and traditional Basque dishes. It’s a great place to experience the culinary culture of Vitoria-Gasteiz.
11. Explore the Museo de los Faroles
Check out the Museo de los Faroles, dedicated to the ornate lanterns used in the city’s religious processions. The museum offers a unique insight into this local tradition.
12. Visit the Ajuria Enea Palace
Admire the Ajuria Enea Palace, the official residence of the Lehendakari (President of the Basque Government). Although it’s not open to the public, the exterior architecture is worth seeing.
13. Attend a Festival or Cultural Event
Experience one of Vitoria-Gasteiz’s many festivals, such as the Azkena Rock Festival, the Vitoria-Gasteiz Jazz Festival, or the Virgen Blanca Festivities. These events showcase the city’s vibrant cultural scene.
14. Explore the Environmental Studies Center
Visit the Ataria Environmental Studies Center in the Salburua Wetlands. The center offers educational exhibits about local ecosystems and sustainability efforts.
15. Discover Historic Sites and Monuments
Explore various historic sites and monuments throughout the city, including the medieval walls, the Palacio de Villa Suso, and the Church of San Miguel.
Visit the Ataria Environmental Studies Center in the Salburua Wetlands. The center offers educational exhibits about local ecosystems and sustainability efforts.
15. Discover Historic Sites and Monuments
Explore various historic sites and monuments throughout the city, including the medieval walls, the Palacio de Villa Suso, and the Church of San Miguel.
