Pau: The Complete Guide

Pau, located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region, is a charming town nestled at the foot of the Pyrenees mountains. Known for its stunning natural beauty, Pau offers a perfect blend of outdoor activities and cultural experiences. Visitors can stroll along the Boulevard des Pyrénées, which offers breathtaking views of the mountain range, or explore the lush gardens and parks scattered throughout the town. The Château de Pau, with its impressive architecture and surrounding grounds, is a major highlight, as are the local markets and cafés where visitors can sample regional delicacies.

For those who enjoy outdoor activities, Pau is an excellent base for exploring the nearby mountains, with hiking, skiing, and paragliding opportunities just a short drive away. The town itself is lively and inviting, with a mix of traditional and modern influences. Whether you’re visiting for its beautiful landscapes, charming streets, or proximity to the mountains, Pau provides a relaxing and picturesque destination that offers both adventure and tranquility in equal measure.

History of Pau

Early History of Pau

Pau’s origins date back to the Middle Ages when it was initially a small fortress and settlement. The town grew around the Pau Castle, which was originally constructed in the 11th century as a defensive stronghold. By the 12th century, Pau began to develop into a more significant settlement, benefiting from its strategic position at the foothills of the Pyrenees, which allowed it to thrive in trade and agriculture.

Pau in the Renaissance and Early Modern Period

During the Renaissance, Pau saw substantial growth, particularly in the 16th century. The Château de Pau became an important residence for the ruling nobility, and it was during this period that the town began to establish itself as a center for culture and education. The town’s significance further increased when King Henry IV was born here in 1553, elevating Pau’s status in French history and adding to its royal legacy.

Pau in the 18th and 19th Centuries

In the 18th century, Pau transitioned from a small fortified town to a popular resort for the European aristocracy. Its temperate climate and picturesque surroundings made it a favored destination for those seeking rest and relaxation. The town’s popularity continued to rise in the 19th century, with the arrival of railways and more accessible travel, and it became an even more prominent hub for visitors, especially those from Britain.

Pau in the 20th Century

The 20th century saw Pau modernize with the development of new infrastructure and the growth of tourism, making it a key destination in the Southwest of France. During the 1950s and 1960s, the town became well known for hosting international sporting events, particularly in tennis and golf. Pau also retained its status as a fashionable resort, attracting both French and foreign tourists to experience its picturesque streets, luxury accommodations, and surrounding natural beauty.

Pau in the 21st Century

Today, Pau is a vibrant city known for its combination of historical charm and modern amenities. The town has embraced both its royal heritage and its contemporary role as a center for science and technology. With its beautiful parks, museums, and proximity to the Pyrenees, Pau continues to be a popular destination for those seeking a blend of culture, history, and natural beauty.

Visiting Pau for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Pau on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Château de Pau

The Château de Pau is a historic castle that served as the birthplace of King Henry IV. Visitors can explore its opulent rooms, admire Renaissance architecture, and delve into French history through its extensive art collections. The castle’s expansive gardens provide a serene escape with panoramic views of the surrounding landscape.

2. Boulevard des Pyrénées

The Boulevard des Pyrénées is a scenic promenade offering breathtaking vistas of the Pyrenees mountains. Stretching over a mile, it connects various viewpoints and is lined with historic buildings, cafes, and shops. A leisurely walk along this boulevard allows visitors to fully appreciate Pau’s natural beauty and architectural charm.

3. Parc Beaumont

Parc Beaumont is a beautifully landscaped urban park featuring a lake, river, waterfall, and diverse floral displays. Covering 12 hectares, it houses over 110 species of trees, including notable specimens like Bald Cypress and Giant Sequoia. The park offers a tranquil setting for picnics, leisurely walks, and boating activities.

4. Musée des Beaux-Arts

The Musée des Beaux-Arts in Pau showcases an impressive collection of European art spanning from the 14th to the 20th century. Its exhibits include works by renowned artists such as Rubens, Brueghel, and Degas. Art enthusiasts can appreciate the museum’s diverse range of paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts.

5. Funiculaire de Pau

The Funiculaire de Pau is a historic funicular railway connecting the lower town to the Boulevard des Pyrénées. Operating since 1908, it offers a unique and nostalgic ride with vintage cabins. The funicular provides not only a convenient mode of transport but also an opportunity to experience a piece of Pau’s engineering heritage.

6. Parc Lawrence

Parc Lawrence is a serene green space adorned with century-old trees, including a variety of exotic species. The park features a picturesque lake and is home to one of Pau’s many 19th-century English-style villas. It’s an ideal spot for a peaceful retreat, offering a blend of natural beauty and historical architecture.

7. Musée Bernadotte

The Musée Bernadotte is dedicated to the life of Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, who rose from being a French marshal to becoming the king of Sweden. Housed in his birthplace, the museum displays personal artifacts, documents, and artworks related to his remarkable journey. Visitors can gain insight into the connections between Pau and Swedish royalty.

8. Place Clemenceau

Place Clemenceau is a central square in Pau, known for its vibrant atmosphere and historical significance. Surrounded by elegant architecture, it features a grand fountain and is a popular gathering spot for locals and tourists alike. The square often hosts events and markets, adding to its lively character.

9. Forêt de Bastard

Forêt de Bastard is a lush forest located on the outskirts of Pau, offering a natural escape from urban life. The forest is crisscrossed with walking trails, making it suitable for hiking, jogging, or simply enjoying the tranquility of nature. It’s an excellent destination for those looking to immerse themselves in the region’s natural landscapes.

10. Saligues of the Gave de Pau

The Saligues of the Gave de Pau are wetlands along the Gave de Pau river, characterized by marshy meadows and rich biodiversity. These natural habitats are home to various flora and fauna, including willows, poplars, and numerous bird species. Exploring these areas provides a unique perspective on the region’s ecological importance and natural beauty.