Valencia: The Complete Guide
Spain’s third-largest city, Valencia, is renowned as the birthplace of paella and attracts visitors with its impressive City of Arts and Sciences. Valencia, officially known as València, is the capital of the autonomous community of Valencia. It is the third-largest city in Spain after Madrid and Barcelona, with approximately 800,000 inhabitants in the administrative center. Its urban area extends beyond the city limits, encompassing around 1.6 million people. The metropolitan area of Valencia ranges from 1.7 to 2.5 million people, depending on the definition used. The Port of Valencia is the fifth busiest container port in Europe and the busiest in the Mediterranean Sea. The city holds a Beta-global city ranking in the Globalization and World Cities Research Network.
The city is situated on the banks of the Turia River, on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula, facing the Gulf of Valencia on the Mediterranean Sea. Its historic center, covering approximately 169 hectares, is one of the largest in Spain, boasting ancient monuments, scenic views, and cultural attractions, making Valencia a top tourist destination.
Valencia’s long history is celebrated through numerous popular festivals and traditions, such as the Fallas, which were declared Fiestas of National Tourist Interest in Spain in 1965 and recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in November 2016. From 1991 to 2015, Rita Barberá Nolla served as mayor, succeeded in 2015 by Joan Ribó from Coalició Compromís.
History of Valencia
Roman Foundation
Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC by the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus. It was originally named Valentia Edetanorum and served as a settlement for retired Roman soldiers. The city quickly grew due to its strategic location on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula.
Moorish Occupation
In 714, Moroccan and Arab Moors occupied Valencia. They introduced their language, religion, and customs to the city. The Moors implemented advanced irrigation systems and cultivated new crops, which significantly boosted the region’s agriculture. Valencia became the capital of the Taifa of Valencia during this period.
Christian Reconquest
In 1238, King James I of Aragon conquered Valencia. He redistributed the land among his nobles, a process documented in the Llibre del Repartiment. James I also established the Furs of Valencia, a new legal code that extended to the entire Kingdom of Valencia. This period marked the beginning of significant Christian influence and architectural development in the city.
Loss of Autonomy
In the 18th century, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with the Habsburgs. After their defeat, King Philip V of Spain abolished the Furs of Valencia and other regional privileges as punishment. This led to a loss of autonomy and significant changes in the city’s governance and legal systems.
Capital of Spain
Valencia briefly served as the capital of Spain twice. The first instance was in the summer of 1812 when Joseph Bonaparte moved the Spanish Court there during the Peninsular War. The second instance was between 1936 and 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, when the city became the capital of the Second Spanish Republic.
Modern Era
In the 20th and 21st centuries, Valencia has grown into a major urban center. The Port of Valencia became the busiest container port in the Mediterranean Sea. Significant urban development projects, such as the City of Arts and Sciences, have transformed the city into a modern metropolis. Valencia’s historic center remains one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares of ancient monuments, scenic views, and cultural attractions.
Festivals and Traditions
Valencia is renowned for its vibrant festivals and traditions. The most famous is the Fallas, a festival celebrated every March that includes the creation and burning of large wooden and papier-mâché sculptures. The Fallas was declared a Fiesta of National Tourist Interest in Spain in 1965 and recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2016.
Political Leadership
From 1991 to 2015, Rita Barberá Nolla served as the mayor of Valencia. In 2015, Joan Ribó from Coalició Compromís was elected mayor. Under their leadership, the city has continued to develop its infrastructure, cultural institutions, and international profile.
Valencia’s rich history, from its Roman foundation to its modern development, reflects its importance as a cultural and economic hub in Spain.
Visiting Valencia for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Valencia on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!
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Best places to See in
1. City of Arts and Sciences
Explore the City of Arts and Sciences, an architectural marvel and cultural complex featuring the Hemisfèric (IMAX cinema), the Príncipe Felipe Science Museum, the Oceanogràfic (Europe’s largest aquarium), the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia (opera house), and the Ágora (a versatile event space).
2. Valencia Cathedral
Visit Valencia Cathedral, a stunning blend of Gothic, Romanesque, and Baroque architecture. Climb the Miguelete Tower for panoramic views of the city and see the Holy Grail, which some believe is the authentic cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.
3. Central Market
Wander through the Central Market, one of the largest markets in Europe. Admire the modernist architecture and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere while sampling fresh local produce, meats, seafood, and other regional specialties.
4. Turia Gardens
Relax in the Turia Gardens, a vast green space that was once the Turia Riverbed. The park stretches for 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) and offers walking and biking paths, playgrounds, sports facilities, and beautiful landscaped gardens.
5. La Lonja de la Seda
Discover La Lonja de la Seda, a UNESCO World Heritage site that was once Valencia’s silk exchange. This Gothic building, with its impressive halls and intricate stonework, is a testament to the city’s prosperous trading history.
6. Plaza de la Virgen
Spend time at Plaza de la Virgen, a historic square in the heart of Valencia’s old town. It’s surrounded by important landmarks, including the Cathedral, the Basilica of the Virgin of the Helpless, and the Turia Fountain.
7. Bioparc Valencia
Visit Bioparc Valencia, an innovative zoo that offers immersive, naturalistic habitats for animals. It focuses on African wildlife and provides a unique experience where visitors feel like they’re walking through different ecosystems.
8. El Carmen District
Explore the El Carmen District, known for its bohemian atmosphere, street art, and historic buildings. The area is filled with trendy bars, cafes, and shops, making it a great place to experience Valencia’s vibrant nightlife.
9. Albufera Natural Park
Take a trip to Albufera Natural Park, located just outside the city. This protected area features a freshwater lagoon, rice fields, and diverse wildlife. Enjoy a boat ride on the lagoon and try the local dish, paella, in one of the nearby villages.
10. Malvarrosa Beach
Relax on Malvarrosa Beach, Valencia’s main urban beach. It’s perfect for sunbathing, swimming, and enjoying water sports. The beach is lined with restaurants and bars where you can savor delicious seafood and refreshing drinks.
11. Institut Valencià d’Art Modern (IVAM)
Visit the Institut Valencià d’Art Modern (IVAM), Valencia’s contemporary art museum. The museum hosts an impressive collection of modern art, with rotating exhibitions showcasing works by both local and international artists.
12. Torres de Serranos
Explore the Torres de Serranos, one of the twelve gates that formed part of the ancient city wall. These Gothic towers offer historical insights and stunning views of the city and the Turia Gardens from the top.
13. Ruzafa District
Experience the trendy Ruzafa District, known for its eclectic mix of galleries, boutiques, and cafes. The area is a cultural hotspot, hosting various events and festivals throughout the year.
These activities and attractions highlight the diverse offerings of Valencia, making it a dynamic and exciting destination for visitors.
