Valencia: The Complete Guide

Valencia, the capital of the Valencian Community, is a dynamic city that seamlessly blends historical charm with modern innovation. Its Ciutat Vella (Old Town) is a treasure trove of architectural wonders, where visitors can stroll through Plaza de la Virgen, admire the Valencia Cathedral, and explore the atmospheric streets of Barrio del Carmen. Meanwhile, the futuristic City of Arts and Sciences offers an entirely different experience, showcasing cutting-edge museums, an opera house, and an oceanarium, all set against striking contemporary architecture.

Beyond its urban landmarks, Valencia’s Mediterranean coastline provides idyllic seaside retreats. Playa de la Malvarrosa and Playa de las Arenas invite visitors to soak up the sun, enjoy beachfront dining, or take a scenic walk along the promenade. For nature lovers, the Albufera Natural Park, just a short drive from the city, is a serene escape where travelers can experience Valencia’s traditional fishing villages and enjoy boat rides through its tranquil lagoons. The balance between city life and coastal beauty makes Valencia a unique destination that caters to every travel style.

Valencia’s rich culinary scene is another highlight, with the city proudly recognized as the birthplace of paella. Whether savoring an authentic paella Valenciana in a seaside tavern or indulging in fresh market produce at Mercado Central, food lovers will find endless delights in the city’s vibrant gastronomic offerings. The local traditions also come alive during festivals like Las Fallas, where giant artistic sculptures and firework displays create an electrifying atmosphere. Whether drawn to Valencia for its historical depth, beachfront serenity, or thriving culinary scene, the city offers an unforgettable experience year-round.

History of Valencia

Roman Foundation

Valencia was founded as a Roman colony in 138 BC by the consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus. It was originally named Valentia Edetanorum and served as a settlement for retired Roman soldiers. The city quickly grew due to its strategic location on the east coast of the Iberian Peninsula.

Moorish Occupation

In 714, Moroccan and Arab Moors occupied Valencia. They introduced their language, religion, and customs to the city. The Moors implemented advanced irrigation systems and cultivated new crops, which significantly boosted the region’s agriculture. Valencia became the capital of the Taifa of Valencia during this period.

Christian Reconquest

In 1238, King James I of Aragon conquered Valencia. He redistributed the land among his nobles, a process documented in the Llibre del Repartiment. James I also established the Furs of Valencia, a new legal code that extended to the entire Kingdom of Valencia. This period marked the beginning of significant Christian influence and architectural development in the city.

Loss of Autonomy

In the 18th century, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Valencia sided with the Habsburgs. After their defeat, King Philip V of Spain abolished the Furs of Valencia and other regional privileges as punishment. This led to a loss of autonomy and significant changes in the city’s governance and legal systems.

Capital of Spain

Valencia briefly served as the capital of Spain twice. The first instance was in the summer of 1812 when Joseph Bonaparte moved the Spanish Court there during the Peninsular War. The second instance was between 1936 and 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, when the city became the capital of the Second Spanish Republic.

Modern Era

In the 20th and 21st centuries, Valencia has grown into a major urban center. The Port of Valencia became the busiest container port in the Mediterranean Sea. Significant urban development projects, such as the City of Arts and Sciences, have transformed the city into a modern metropolis. Valencia’s historic center remains one of the largest in Spain, with approximately 169 hectares of ancient monuments, scenic views, and cultural attractions.

Festivals and Traditions

Valencia is renowned for its vibrant festivals and traditions. The most famous is the Fallas, a festival celebrated every March that includes the creation and burning of large wooden and papier-mâché sculptures. The Fallas was declared a Fiesta of National Tourist Interest in Spain in 1965 and recognized as Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO in 2016.

Political Leadership

From 1991 to 2015, Rita Barberá Nolla served as the mayor of Valencia. In 2015, Joan Ribó from Coalició Compromís was elected mayor. Under their leadership, the city has continued to develop its infrastructure, cultural institutions, and international profile.

Valencia’s rich history, from its Roman foundation to its modern development, reflects its importance as a cultural and economic hub in Spain.

Visiting Valencia for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Valencia on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. City of Arts and Sciences

Explore the City of Arts and Sciences, an architectural marvel and cultural complex featuring the Hemisfèric (IMAX cinema), the Príncipe Felipe Science Museum, the Oceanogràfic (Europe’s largest aquarium), the Palau de les Arts Reina Sofia (opera house), and the Ágora (a versatile event space).

2. Valencia Cathedral

Visit Valencia Cathedral, a stunning blend of Gothic, Romanesque, and Baroque architecture. Climb the Miguelete Tower for panoramic views of the city and see the Holy Grail, which some believe is the authentic cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper.

3. Central Market

Wander through the Central Market, one of the largest markets in Europe. Admire the modernist architecture and enjoy the vibrant atmosphere while sampling fresh local produce, meats, seafood, and other regional specialties.

4. Turia Gardens

Relax in the Turia Gardens, a vast green space that was once the Turia Riverbed. The park stretches for 9 kilometers (5.6 miles) and offers walking and biking paths, playgrounds, sports facilities, and beautiful landscaped gardens.

5. La Lonja de la Seda

Discover La Lonja de la Seda, a UNESCO World Heritage site that was once Valencia’s silk exchange. This Gothic building, with its impressive halls and intricate stonework, is a testament to the city’s prosperous trading history.

6. Plaza de la Virgen

Spend time at Plaza de la Virgen, a historic square in the heart of Valencia’s old town. It’s surrounded by important landmarks, including the Cathedral, the Basilica of the Virgin of the Helpless, and the Turia Fountain.

7. Bioparc Valencia

Visit Bioparc Valencia, an innovative zoo that offers immersive, naturalistic habitats for animals. It focuses on African wildlife and provides a unique experience where visitors feel like they’re walking through different ecosystems.

8. El Carmen District

Explore the El Carmen District, known for its bohemian atmosphere, street art, and historic buildings. The area is filled with trendy bars, cafes, and shops, making it a great place to experience Valencia’s vibrant nightlife.

9. Albufera Natural Park

Take a trip to Albufera Natural Park, located just outside the city. This protected area features a freshwater lagoon, rice fields, and diverse wildlife. Enjoy a boat ride on the lagoon and try the local dish, paella, in one of the nearby villages.

10. Malvarrosa Beach

Relax on Malvarrosa Beach, Valencia’s main urban beach. It’s perfect for sunbathing, swimming, and enjoying water sports. The beach is lined with restaurants and bars where you can savor delicious seafood and refreshing drinks.

11. Institut Valencià d’Art Modern (IVAM)

Visit the Institut Valencià d’Art Modern (IVAM), Valencia’s contemporary art museum. The museum hosts an impressive collection of modern art, with rotating exhibitions showcasing works by both local and international artists.

12. Torres de Serranos

Explore the Torres de Serranos, one of the twelve gates that formed part of the ancient city wall. These Gothic towers offer historical insights and stunning views of the city and the Turia Gardens from the top.

13. Ruzafa District

Experience the trendy Ruzafa District, known for its eclectic mix of galleries, boutiques, and cafes. The area is a cultural hotspot, hosting various events and festivals throughout the year.

These activities and attractions highlight the diverse offerings of Valencia, making it a dynamic and exciting destination for visitors.