Oviedo: The Complete Guide

Nestled between the north Spanish coast and the often snow-dusted peaks of the Cordillera Cantábrica, Oviedo, the capital of beautifully green Asturias, is a lively and elegant city. The former Ovetum, closely linked to the Asturian monarchy since its foundation in the 8th century and once the capital of the Kingdom, retains a distinct medieval charm in its historic quarter. In modern times, the city has been thoughtfully designed for easy navigation.
Oviedo is an exceptional starting point to explore unique pre-Romanesque art, recognized as a World Heritage site, and to enjoy the beautiful Costa Verde coastline and incredible natural landscapes perfect for various sports. The city boasts a thriving food-and-drink scene and a first-class gastronomic culture, featuring Asturias’s 40-odd cheeses and local cider poured traditional-style from up high. Though often overlooked by foreign visitors, Oviedo is popular with savvy Spanish travelers who come to wander around the medieval center and experience the city’s vibrant atmosphere.
History of Oviedo
Early History
Oviedo, located in the region of Asturias in northern Spain, has its origins in the early Middle Ages. The city was founded in 761 AD by two monks, Máximo and Fromestano, who established a monastery on a hill known as Oveto. The monastery quickly grew in importance and attracted a community of settlers.
Kingdom of Asturias
In the late 8th century, Oviedo became the capital of the Kingdom of Asturias under King Fruela I. The city’s significance increased as it became the political, religious, and cultural center of the kingdom. During this period, several important buildings were constructed, including the San Salvador Cathedral and the royal palace.
Reconquista and Medieval Period
Oviedo played a crucial role during the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from Muslim rule. The city served as a refuge and a strategic base for Christian forces. Throughout the medieval period, Oviedo continued to develop, with the construction of churches, monasteries, and other religious institutions.
Renaissance and Early Modern Period
During the Renaissance, Oviedo experienced significant growth and modernization. The city expanded beyond its medieval walls, and new public buildings and infrastructure were developed. The University of Oviedo was founded in 1608, further establishing the city as a center of learning and culture.
Industrial Revolution
The 19th century brought industrialization to Oviedo, transforming it into a significant industrial and commercial hub. The development of coal mining and steel production in Asturias contributed to the city’s economic growth. Oviedo also became a key transportation center with the expansion of the railway network.
Spanish Civil War
Oviedo played a notable role in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). The city was besieged by Republican forces but remained under Nationalist control throughout most of the conflict. The war caused significant damage to Oviedo, and extensive reconstruction efforts were required in the post-war period.
Contemporary Oviedo
Today, Oviedo is a vibrant and modern city that retains its historical charm. It serves as the administrative capital of the Principality of Asturias and is known for its rich cultural heritage, including numerous historical landmarks, museums, and cultural events. Oviedo’s historic center, with its well-preserved medieval architecture, is a UNESCO World Heritage site.
Oviedo continues to be a significant cultural and economic center in northern Spain, attracting visitors with its blend of history, culture, and natural beauty.
Visiting Oviedo for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Oviedo on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!
This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.