Almería: The Complete Guide

Almería is a city in Andalusia, Spain, situated in the southeast on the Mediterranean Sea. It serves as the capital of the province sharing its name. The city was named al-Mariyyah by Abd-ar-Rahman III, who founded the Alcazaba. During the 10th and 11th centuries, Almería was part of the Caliphate of Córdoba, thriving on trade and the textile industry, particularly silk. The city endured numerous sieges and fell under Christian rule in 1489. In 1522, a devastating earthquake struck Almería, and significant rebuilding did not commence until the 19th century. During the Spanish Civil War, the city was bombarded by the German Navy and fell to Franco’s forces in 1939. Today, Almería’s economy has been revitalized, largely due to its extensive vegetable production, with 100,000 acres of greenhouses supplying much of Europe.

History of Almería

Almería, a city located in the southeastern part of Spain on the Mediterranean coast, has a rich and varied history shaped by numerous cultures and significant events. Here’s a detailed overview of its historical development:

Ancient and Roman Times

The area around Almería has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlement dating back to the Neolithic period. During the Roman era, the region was part of the province of Hispania and served as an important site for trade and agriculture. However, Almería itself was not a significant city during Roman times.

Islamic Period

The city’s prominence began in the 10th century when it was founded by Abd-ar-Rahman III, the ruler of the Caliphate of Córdoba. He established the Alcazaba, a large fortress that still stands today, and named the city al-Mariyyah, meaning “the Mirror” in Arabic. Almería quickly grew into a vital port and trade center, especially known for its silk production and textile industry. During the 10th and 11th centuries, it became one of the most prosperous cities in the Iberian Peninsula, renowned for its wealth and strategic importance.

Christian Reconquest

Almería’s prosperity attracted the attention of various powers, and the city suffered numerous sieges. In 1489, during the Reconquista, the city was captured by the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, marking the end of Muslim rule in Almería. The transition to Christian rule brought significant changes, including the establishment of new religious institutions and the repurposing of Islamic architecture.

The 16th to 18th Centuries

In 1522, a devastating earthquake struck Almería, causing widespread destruction. The city’s recovery was slow, and it did not regain its former prominence until much later. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, Almería faced additional challenges, including pirate attacks and economic stagnation. The city’s population declined, and it struggled to rebuild.

The 19th Century

The 19th century marked a period of recovery and modernization for Almería. The city began to rebuild and expand, with new infrastructure and public works projects. The development of the mining industry in the nearby Sierra de Gádor mountains brought economic growth and increased trade through the port. Almería started to re-establish itself as an important economic center in the region.

The Spanish Civil War and Francoist Era

During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), Almería was a Republican stronghold. The city was bombarded by the German Navy in 1937, causing significant damage and loss of life. In 1939, Almería fell to Franco’s Nationalist forces, marking the end of the war for the city. Under Francoist rule, the city experienced repression but also began to rebuild its economy.

Modern Era

In the latter half of the 20th century, Almería saw significant economic development, particularly in agriculture. The introduction of greenhouse farming transformed the region, making it a major supplier of vegetables to Europe. Today, Almería’s economy is heavily based on agriculture, with over 100,000 acres of greenhouses producing a wide variety of crops.

Tourism has also become an important part of Almería’s economy, with visitors attracted to its historical sites, beautiful coastline, and natural parks. The city’s historical landmarks, such as the Alcazaba, the Cathedral of Almería, and the archaeological museum, reflect its rich and diverse history.

In summary, Almería’s history is marked by its rise as an Islamic trade center, its transition to Christian rule, periods of decline and recovery, and its modern economic transformation. The city’s ability to adapt and grow through various challenges has shaped it into the vibrant and dynamic city it is today.

Visiting Almería for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Almería on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

1. Explore the Alcazaba of Almería

Visit the Alcazaba of Almería, one of the largest Moorish fortresses in Spain. The Alcazaba offers stunning views of the city and the Mediterranean Sea, and its well-preserved walls and gardens provide a fascinating glimpse into Almería’s Islamic past.

2. Discover the Cathedral of Almería

Admire the Cathedral of Almería, a unique Gothic and Renaissance-style cathedral that also served as a fortress to protect against pirate attacks. The cathedral’s interior features beautiful altarpieces, chapels, and a cloister.

3. Visit the Almería Museum

Explore the Almería Museum, which houses an impressive collection of archaeological artifacts from the region’s prehistoric, Roman, and Moorish periods. The museum offers a comprehensive look at the rich history and culture of Almería.

4. Relax at Playa de los Genoveses

Spend a day at Playa de los Genoveses, a pristine beach located in the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park. The beach is known for its golden sands, clear waters, and scenic surroundings, making it a perfect spot for swimming, sunbathing, and picnicking.

5. Wander Through the Old Town

Stroll through the historic Old Town of Almería, characterized by narrow streets, charming plazas, and traditional Andalusian architecture. Key sites include the Plaza Vieja and the Church of San Juan.

6. Discover the Cable Inglés

Visit the Cable Inglés, an impressive iron structure built in the early 20th century to transport minerals from the mines to the port. This historical monument offers a unique insight into Almería’s industrial heritage.

7. Explore the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park

Take a trip to the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, a stunning protected area known for its volcanic landscapes, rugged coastline, and diverse flora and fauna. The park offers excellent hiking, bird-watching, and snorkeling opportunities.

8. Visit the Refugios de la Guerra Civil

Explore the Refugios de la Guerra Civil, a network of underground shelters built during the Spanish Civil War. The guided tours provide a fascinating look at this period of history and the experiences of Almería’s residents during the war.

9. Enjoy the Paseo de Almería

Take a leisurely walk along the Paseo de Almería, the city’s main boulevard. It is lined with shops, cafes, and restaurants, making it a great place to enjoy local cuisine, shop for souvenirs, and experience the city’s vibrant atmosphere.

10. Admire the Muralla de Jayrán

Visit the Muralla de Jayrán, the remains of the medieval city walls that once protected Almería. The walls offer a glimpse into the city’s defensive past and provide panoramic views of Almería and the surrounding area.

11. Experience Local Cuisine at Traditional Restaurants

Sample traditional Almerían cuisine at one of the city’s many restaurants. Don’t miss trying local specialties such as seafood paella, tapas, and the famous Alpujarran dish of ham, sausages, and potatoes.

12. Visit the Archaeological Site of Los Millares

Take a trip to the archaeological site of Los Millares, one of the most important prehistoric sites in Spain. The site features the remains of a large settlement and necropolis dating back to the Copper Age.

13. Discover the House of Cinema

Explore the House of Cinema, a museum dedicated to the history of filmmaking in Almería. The museum is located in a historic mansion and features exhibits on the many movies that have been filmed in the region.

14. Relax at Playa de San Miguel

Spend some time at Playa de San Miguel, a popular urban beach located near the city center. The beach offers clean sands, calm waters, and a variety of amenities, making it a great place for a relaxing day by the sea.

15. Attend Local Festivals and Events

Experience the vibrant culture of Almería by attending one of its many local festivals and events. Notable celebrations include the Almería Fair in August, which features parades, music, and traditional dances, and the Holy Week processions in spring.