Erfurt: The Complete Guide

Erfurt, located in the region of Thuringia, is a vibrant city that blends medieval charm with a relaxed urban vibe. Its old town is one of the best-preserved in Germany, filled with cobbled alleys, colorful houses, and the impressive Erfurt Cathedral rising over the main square. The city’s central location also makes it a convenient base for exploring the rest of Thuringia.

Visitors can stroll along the iconic Krämerbrücke, a bridge lined with shops and homes, or enjoy local cafés and traditional Thuringian cuisine in the town squares. The mix of historical sites, green spaces, and cultural venues creates a balanced and inviting atmosphere. Whether you’re interested in architecture, food, or simply soaking up the city’s rhythm, Erfurt offers a rewarding and accessible experience.

History of Erfurt

Early Origins of Erfurt

Erfurt’s origins date back over a thousand years, with evidence of settlement as early as prehistoric times. It gained significance during the 8th century when it was mentioned in a document by Saint Boniface. Its strategic location at the crossroads of major trade routes helped it grow into a thriving early medieval market town.

Erfurt in the Middle Ages

By the 12th century, Erfurt had become a powerful and independent city, economically prosperous and culturally active. It was known for its strong trade in woad, a plant used for dyeing textiles, which brought great wealth. During this period, important landmarks such as the Erfurt Cathedral and the Krämerbrücke were constructed.

Erfurt in the Reformation and Renaissance

In the early 16th century, Erfurt played a notable role in the Reformation, with Martin Luther studying at the University of Erfurt before joining the Augustinian Monastery. The city experienced religious shifts and tension but remained a key academic and spiritual center. Despite internal conflict, Erfurt preserved much of its built heritage.

Erfurt in the 18th and 19th Centuries

During the 18th century, Erfurt was ruled by various powers, including Prussia and briefly Napoleon’s France. It saw both economic shifts and architectural development, blending Baroque styles into the city’s appearance. In the 19th century, industrialization and the arrival of the railway modernized Erfurt while preserving its old-world charm.

Erfurt in the 20th Century

Erfurt endured hardship during both World Wars, suffering bomb damage and political instability. Under East German rule, the city became part of the GDR, with some historic preservation alongside socialist urban planning. Following reunification, major restoration projects helped revive Erfurt’s historic center and civic pride.

Modern-Day Erfurt

Today, Erfurt stands as a dynamic city that celebrates its rich heritage while embracing modern life. Its old town is one of the best-preserved in central Europe, and the University of Erfurt remains a major academic institution. The city continues to grow in importance as a cultural and political hub in the heart of Germany.

Visiting Erfurt for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Erfurt on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Explore the Krämerbrücke in Erfurt

The Krämerbrücke is a medieval bridge lined with half-timbered houses, making it one of Erfurt’s most iconic landmarks. Spanning the Breitstrom, a branch of the Gera River, this bridge has been continuously inhabited for over 500 years. Visitors can stroll along the cobblestone path, browsing through artisan shops and galleries that occupy the historic buildings.

2. Visit the Erfurt Cathedral

Perched atop a hill, the Erfurt Cathedral, also known as St. Mary’s Cathedral, showcases impressive Gothic architecture. The cathedral is renowned for its stunning stained-glass windows and the Gloriosa, the world’s largest medieval free-swinging bell. Attending a service or concert here offers a glimpse into the city’s rich ecclesiastical traditions.

3. Discover the Old Synagogue in Erfurt

The Old Synagogue is one of the oldest synagogues in Europe, dating back to the 11th century. Now a museum, it houses the Erfurt Treasure, a collection of medieval coins and jewelry. The site provides deep insights into the Jewish history of Erfurt and has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

4. Walk through the Domplatz in Erfurt

The Domplatz is a spacious square located at the base of the Erfurt Cathedral and St. Severus Church. Historically, it has been the site of markets and public events. Today, it hosts festivals and the renowned Erfurt Christmas Market, drawing visitors from all over.

5. Tour the Petersberg Citadel in Erfurt

The Petersberg Citadel is a well-preserved Baroque fortress offering panoramic views of Erfurt. Visitors can explore its extensive underground tunnels and learn about its military history. The citadel also serves as a venue for various cultural events throughout the year.

6. Visit the Erfurt Protestant Augustinian Monastery

The Augustinian Monastery is where Martin Luther took his monastic vows in 1505. The complex includes a church, cloisters, and a library with rare manuscripts. Guided tours provide insights into Luther’s life and the Reformation’s impact on Erfurt.

7. Relax in the egapark Erfurt

egapark is a large horticultural park featuring themed gardens, a butterfly house, and a children’s playground. It’s an ideal spot for leisurely walks and picnics amidst beautifully landscaped surroundings. Seasonal exhibitions and events make it a year-round attraction.

8. Explore the Fischmarkt in Erfurt

The Fischmarkt is a historic square surrounded by Renaissance and Gothic buildings. Notable structures include the neo-Gothic Erfurt Town Hall and the Haus zum Roten Ochsen. The square often hosts markets and is a central point for exploring the city’s old town.

9. Visit the Angermuseum in Erfurt

Housed in a Baroque building, the Angermuseum showcases Thuringian art and cultural history. Its collections range from medieval sculptures to modern graphic art. Temporary exhibitions ensure there’s always something new to discover.

10. Enjoy the Thuringian Zoo Park Erfurt

The Thuringian Zoo Park is home to over 1,100 animals from around the world. Spanning a vast area, it offers naturalistic enclosures and educational exhibits. It’s a family-friendly destination that combines recreation with wildlife conservation awareness.