Turin: The Complete Guide

Visiting Turin, the elegant capital of the Piedmont region in northern Italy, offers a unique blend of history, culture, and innovation. Often overshadowed by more famous Italian cities, Turin is a hidden gem known for its grand boulevards, baroque architecture, and rich cultural heritage. The city’s royal past is evident in its stunning palaces, such as the Palazzo Reale and the Palazzo Madama, which showcase the opulence of the House of Savoy. Turin is also home to the iconic Mole Antonelliana, a symbol of the city that houses the National Museum of Cinema, offering panoramic views of the city and the Alps beyond.

Beyond its historical allure, Turin is a vibrant and modern city with a strong industrial heritage, particularly as the birthplace of the Italian automotive industry. The city’s dynamic atmosphere is reflected in its bustling cafes, world-class museums, and lively markets. Turin is also a culinary delight, renowned for its rich food traditions, including chocolate, truffles, and the famous aperitivo culture. Whether you’re strolling through its elegant squares, exploring its museums, or indulging in its gastronomic offerings, Turin provides a sophisticated and authentic Italian experience that is both charming and memorable.

History of Turin

Ancient Origins of Turin

Turin’s history dates back to ancient times when it was originally settled by the Taurini, a Celtic-Ligurian tribe. In 28 BCE, the Romans founded a military colony called Augusta Taurinorum on the site, marking the beginning of Turin as a significant urban center. The Roman grid layout of the city is still evident in Turin’s historic center, with remnants such as the Porta Palatina, a well-preserved Roman gate, showcasing the city’s ancient roots.

Turin During the Middle Ages

During the Middle Ages, Turin became an important feudal city under the control of various noble families. By the 13th century, it had come under the rule of the House of Savoy, which would shape much of the city’s future. The Savoy family made Turin the capital of their domains, initiating a period of growth and development. The city’s strategic location near the Alps and its role as a political and military hub made it a key player in the region.

Turin as the Capital of the Duchy of Savoy

Turin’s significance grew further in the 16th century when it became the official capital of the Duchy of Savoy. The city was transformed into a major European capital, with grand palaces, churches, and defensive structures being built. The Palazzo Reale and Palazzo Madama are notable examples of this period, reflecting the city’s growing power and influence. Turin became a center of Baroque art and architecture, attracting artists and architects from across Europe.

Turin in the 19th Century and Italian Unification

The 19th century was a pivotal time for Turin, as it played a crucial role in the Italian unification movement. In 1861, Turin became the first capital of the newly unified Kingdom of Italy under King Victor Emmanuel II, a member of the House of Savoy. Although the capital was later moved to Florence and then Rome, Turin remained an important political and cultural center. The city also began to industrialize during this period, laying the groundwork for its future as an industrial powerhouse.

Modern Turin

In the 20th century, Turin emerged as a leading industrial city, particularly known for its automotive industry, with the founding of Fiat in 1899. The city became the heart of Italy’s automotive sector, contributing significantly to its economic growth. Despite challenges during World War II, including heavy bombings, Turin rebuilt and continued to thrive. Today, Turin is a vibrant city that blends its rich history with modern innovation, renowned for its cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and universities, and its continued influence in the automotive and technological industries.

Visiting Turin for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Turin on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Mole Antonelliana & National Cinema Museum

The Mole Antonelliana is Turin’s most iconic landmark, originally designed as a synagogue and now home to the National Cinema Museum. Visitors can explore a fascinating collection of film history, props, and interactive exhibits before taking the panoramic glass elevator to the top for breathtaking views of Turin and the Alps. The unique architecture and cinematic experience make it a must-visit attraction.

2. Egyptian Museum (Museo Egizio)

The Museo Egizio in Turin houses one of the most extensive collections of Egyptian artifacts outside Egypt. It features over 30,000 artifacts, including statues, sarcophagi, papyrus scrolls, and mummies, showcasing ancient Egyptian life, art, and culture. A highlight of the museum is the Tomb of Kha, an intact burial chamber filled with everyday objects from 3,500 years ago.

3. Piazza Castello & Palazzo Reale

Piazza Castello is the heart of Turin’s historic center, surrounded by grand palaces and cultural landmarks. The Royal Palace of Turin (Palazzo Reale), a former residence of the Savoy dynasty, features lavish royal apartments, stunning gardens, and the Royal Armory, displaying an extensive collection of historic weapons and armor. The square is a great place to admire the city’s elegant architecture and soak in its rich history.

4. Palazzo Madama

A unique blend of medieval and baroque architecture, Palazzo Madama is a UNESCO-listed site that has served as a fortress, palace, and seat of government. Today, it houses the Turin City Museum of Ancient Art, featuring impressive collections of Renaissance paintings, sculptures, and decorative arts. Visitors can climb to the rooftop terrace for a stunning view of Piazza Castello and the surrounding city.

5. Parco del Valentino & Borgo Medievale

Located along the Po River, Parco del Valentino is Turin’s most famous park, offering lush gardens, walking paths, and scenic river views. Inside the park, the Borgo Medievale is a fascinating 19th-century reconstruction of a medieval village, complete with a fortress, workshops, and period-style homes. It’s a perfect spot for a relaxing stroll or a picnic while experiencing a glimpse of the past.

6. Piazza San Carlo

Often referred to as “Turin’s living room,” Piazza San Carlo is one of the most beautiful squares in the city, known for its elegant arcades and historic cafés. The twin churches of San Carlo Borromeo and Santa Cristina add to its architectural charm, while the bronze equestrian statue of Emmanuel Philibert stands at its center. Visitors can enjoy a classic Italian espresso at Caffè Torino or Caffè San Carlo, both of which have served as gathering places for intellectuals and artists for centuries.

7. Museo dell’Automobile (Automobile Museum)

Turin is the birthplace of Italy’s automotive industry, and the Museo dell’Automobile celebrates this legacy with a vast collection of historic vehicles. The museum showcases over 200 cars from brands like Fiat, Ferrari, and Lancia, tracing the evolution of car design and technology. Interactive displays and exhibits make it an exciting visit for car enthusiasts and history buffs alike.

8. Basilica of Superga

Perched on a hill overlooking Turin, the Basilica of Superga offers some of the most spectacular views of the city and the Alps. Built in the 18th century, this stunning baroque church is the resting place of the Savoy royal family and features beautifully decorated interiors. It is also known for the tragic 1949 plane crash that took the lives of the entire Torino football team, commemorated by a small memorial behind the church.

9. Venaria Reale

A short trip from Turin, Venaria Reale is a grand UNESCO-listed palace that was once a hunting retreat for the House of Savoy. Often compared to Versailles, it boasts opulent interiors, magnificent gardens, and impressive baroque architecture. Visitors can explore the palace’s exhibitions, stroll through the meticulously designed gardens, and enjoy special events held throughout the year.

10. Quadrilatero Romano & Porta Palazzo Market

The Quadrilatero Romano district is a lively area filled with trendy boutiques, wine bars, and historic sites, making it one of the best spots for nightlife in Turin. Nearby, Porta Palazzo Market is Europe’s largest open-air market, where visitors can find fresh produce, gourmet specialties, and international flavors. Exploring this vibrant market and its surrounding streets offers a taste of Turin’s diverse and dynamic culture.