Bruges: Venice of the North

Bruges, located in the northwest of Belgium in the Flanders region, is a picture-perfect medieval city that continues to captivate visitors with its fairy-tale charm. Often called the “Venice of the North,” Bruges is laced with canals and stone bridges that create a dreamlike atmosphere. Its well-preserved historic center is compact and easily walkable, making it ideal for leisurely exploration. The cobbled streets lead you past Gothic churches, charming squares, and ornate guild houses that seem frozen in time.

One of the highlights of visiting Bruges is simply soaking up the ambiance. You can take a canal cruise for a different perspective on the city or climb the Belfry of Bruges for panoramic views over the rooftops. The Markt and Burg squares are central gathering points, surrounded by cafes, museums, and architectural gems like the Basilica of the Holy Blood. The city’s many chocolate shops and lace boutiques are also a draw for those seeking local specialties.

Bruges is especially atmospheric in the early morning or evening when day-trippers have left, and the town quiets down. It’s also a great base for exploring other parts of West Flanders, with nearby destinations like Damme or the coast just a short drive or bike ride away. With a strong café culture, excellent Flemish cuisine, and a calendar full of seasonal events, Bruges offers a rich and rewarding travel experience at any time of year.

History of Bruges

Bruges in the Early Middle Ages

Bruges began to take shape as a settlement in the early Middle Ages, around the 9th century, during the time of the Viking invasions. A fortified castle was built to protect the area, and it gradually evolved into a regional trading hub. By the 11th century, Bruges was already gaining significance due to its access to the North Sea via a system of canals and rivers. Its growing importance as a market town laid the foundation for future prosperity.

Bruges in the Golden Age

The 13th to 15th centuries marked the Golden Age of Bruges. During this time, it became one of the major commercial and financial centres of Europe. The city attracted merchants from across the continent and became a hub for the Hanseatic League. It was also a thriving centre of the cloth trade and banking. The presence of artists such as Jan van Eyck and the patronage of the Dukes of Burgundy helped Bruges flourish culturally and artistically. This era saw the construction of many of the city’s iconic Gothic buildings.

Bruges in Decline and Revival

By the late 15th and early 16th centuries, Bruges began to decline economically as the Zwin waterway silted up, cutting off sea access and shifting trade to Antwerp. The city entered a long period of stagnation, which ironically helped preserve its medieval architecture. In the 19th century, interest in Bruges was rekindled by Romantic artists and writers, sparking a wave of restoration. By the 20th century, it had established itself as a major tourist destination, recognised for its heritage and listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Visiting Bruges for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Bruges on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Bruges – Belfry of Bruges (Belfort)

The Belfry of Bruges is one of the city’s most iconic landmarks, rising prominently from the Market Square. Visitors can climb the 366 narrow steps to the top for panoramic views over Bruges and the surrounding countryside. Inside, you’ll find a carillon with 47 bells, some of which are still played manually. The Belfry also houses exhibitions detailing its history and the role it played in Bruges’ medieval past.

Entry to the Belfry costs around €15 for adults, with reduced prices for seniors and children. It is open daily from 9:30 AM to 6:00 PM, with the last admission typically 45 minutes before closing. Climbing the tower is not recommended for those with mobility issues due to the steep stairs.

2. Bruges – Markt (Market Square)

The Markt is the bustling heart of Bruges and a must-visit for its lively atmosphere and stunning medieval architecture. Surrounded by colorful guild houses, cafés, and restaurants, it’s the perfect place to soak up the local vibe. Throughout the year, the square hosts markets, festivals, and events that bring the city’s vibrant culture to life.

The square is free to explore and is pedestrian-friendly, with many options for dining or simply sitting and people-watching. It’s also the gateway to many other key sights in the city center.

3. Bruges – Basilica of the Holy Blood

This unique basilica is famous for housing a relic believed to contain the blood of Jesus Christ. The building itself features a striking combination of Romanesque and Gothic architecture, with a richly decorated interior. Visitors can attend daily services or simply admire the impressive artwork and stained glass windows.

Admission to the basilica is free, though donations are appreciated. It is open every day, generally from 9:30 AM to 12:00 PM and 2:00 PM to 5:30 PM. Visitors often combine a trip here with a walk along the nearby canals.

4. Bruges – Groeningemuseum

The Groeningemuseum is the city’s premier art museum, showcasing a remarkable collection of Flemish and Belgian paintings from the 14th century to the present. Highlights include works by Jan van Eyck, Hieronymus Bosch, and Hans Memling. The museum offers a deep dive into the region’s artistic heritage and the evolution of Flemish art.

Entry costs around €14 for adults, with discounts available for students and seniors. It is open Tuesday to Sunday from 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM, and closed on Mondays.

5. Bruges – Minnewater Park

Also known as the Lake of Love, Minnewater Park is a tranquil green space perfect for a peaceful stroll. The park features picturesque canals, swan-filled lakes, and well-maintained gardens. It is a favorite spot for locals and visitors alike to relax away from the busy city center.

Access to the park is free, and it’s open year-round. The nearby Minnewater Bridge offers one of the most romantic views in Bruges, especially at sunset.

6. Bruges – Church of Our Lady (Onze-Lieve-Vrouwekerk)

This impressive church is renowned for its towering brick spire and its vast art collection, including a famous sculpture by Michelangelo called the Madonna and Child. The interior is spacious and peaceful, with beautiful stained glass windows and intricate woodwork.

Entrance costs approximately €6, and the church is open daily from 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM. Photography is usually allowed but without flash.

7. Bruges – Canal Boat Tours

Exploring Bruges by boat is one of the best ways to appreciate the city’s medieval architecture and charming canals. Several companies offer guided boat tours that last about 30 to 40 minutes, providing insight into the city’s history and hidden corners.

Tours generally cost around €10 to €15 per person and operate from mid-morning until early evening. Boat docks are located near the Markt and other central points for easy access.

8. Bruges – St. John’s Hospital (Sint-Janshospitaal)

This historic hospital dates back to the 12th century and is now a museum showcasing medical history and art, including works by Hans Memling. The site offers a fascinating look at medieval healthcare and the development of medical practices.

Admission costs about €15 for adults, with opening hours from 9:30 AM to 5:00 PM daily. Guided tours are available for a more detailed experience.

9. Bruges – Windmills of Bruges

Located on the outskirts of the city center, the historic windmills are a charming sight and a reminder of Bruges’ agricultural past. Some are open to visitors, allowing you to see the inner workings and learn about their role in milling grain. The area around the windmills is perfect for a scenic walk or bike ride.

Visiting the windmills is free, though some mills may charge a small fee if you want to enter. Opening times vary, so it’s best to check locally before planning a visit.

10. Bruges – Begijnhof (Beguinage)

This peaceful complex of whitewashed houses and a beautiful chapel was once home to a community of lay religious women known as Beguines. Today, it serves as a tranquil retreat within the city, surrounded by lush gardens and cobblestone paths.

Entry to the Begijnhof is free, and it is open to visitors year-round. It offers a quiet contrast to the busier parts of Bruges and is ideal for reflection or photography.