Complete Guide to Occitanie & Languedoc (2025)

Occitanie is a vast region in southern France, created in 2016 by merging the former regions of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées. It stretches from the Mediterranean Sea to the Pyrenees, bordering Spain and Andorra, and includes major cities like Toulouse and Montpellier. Historically, the region was shaped by Roman influence, with Narbonne serving as a key provincial center in Roman Gaul. Later, Toulouse became the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom before falling under Frankish rule. The region has long been a crossroads of cultures, blending French, Catalan, and Occitan traditions.
Languedoc, a historical province within Occitanie, derives its name from the Langue d’Oc, the medieval Occitan language spoken in the area. During the Middle Ages, Languedoc was a center for troubadour poetry, influencing European literature and romantic traditions. The region was also home to the Cathars, a religious group persecuted during the Albigensian Crusade in the 13th century. Despite efforts to suppress Occitan, the language has experienced a revival in recent years, with cultural initiatives promoting its heritage3.
Today, Occitanie is known for its wine production, particularly in Languedoc-Roussillon, which is one of France’s largest wine-growing areas. The region boasts diverse landscapes, from vineyards and rolling hills to coastal beaches and mountain ranges. Occitanie’s rich history, vibrant culture, and scenic beauty make it a popular destination for travelers seeking both historical depth and natural splendor.
Table of Contents
- Cities of Occitanie & Languedoc
- Saint-Girons
- Albi
- Béziers
- Carcassonne
- Collioure
- Montpellier
- Narbonne
- Nimes
- Rocamadour
- Sete
- Toulouse
- Uzes
- Lourdes
- Montauban
- Cahors
- History of Occitanie & Languedoc
- Prehistoric and Ancient Occitanie & Languedoc
- Early Medieval Occitanie & Languedoc (5th–10th Century)
- High Medieval Occitanie & Languedoc: Rise of the Occitan Culture (11th–13th Century)
- The Albigensian Crusade and Fall of Independent Languedoc (1209–1229)
- Late Medieval to Renaissance Occitanie & Languedoc (14th–16th Century)
- Early Modern Occitanie & Languedoc (17th–18th Century)
- Revolutionary and Napoleonic Occitanie & Languedoc (1789–1815)
- 19th Century Occitanie & Languedoc: Industrialization and Identity
- 20th Century Occitanie & Languedoc: War, Modernization, and Regionalism
- Contemporary Occitanie & Languedoc (21st Century)
- Cities of Occitanie & Languedoc
- Best Time to Visit Occitanie & Languedoc
- Spring in Occitanie & Languedoc
- Summer in Occitanie & Languedoc
- Autumn in Occitanie & Languedoc
- Winter in Occitanie & Languedoc
- How to get to Occitanie & Languedoc
- Festivals in Occitanie & Languedoc
Cities of Occitanie & Languedoc
Saint-Girons

Saint-Girons is a quiet Ariege town situated west of Foix and south of Cazeres in a region known as the Couserans. The town is nestled at the foot of the mountains in an attractive region of wood covered hills where the plains of Gascony meet the mountains s and close to the ruins of the ancient city of Saint Lizier.
Capital of Couserans, the city, a 45-minute drive from Foix, and 1h of Toulouse, is full of stories to discover along the banks of the Salat and Lez. XNUMXth century old bridge, champs de mars, church of Saint-Girons and Saint-Valier, palace of the viscounts, liberty road house… Just as many attractions to discover in the picturesque streets of the city.
The setting of the town is enhanced by its position on the river Salat at the point where it is joined by a smaller tributary, the Lez.
View our Saint-Girons GuideAlbi

Visiting Albi feels like stepping into a sun-warmed painting, with its distinctive red-brick architecture and gentle Tarn River winding through town. The moment you arrive, the color of the buildings strikes you—terracotta hues glowing in the southern light. Wandering through the cobbled streets, I spent a slow morning exploring the Sainte-Cécile Cathedral. Even from the outside, it’s breathtaking—immense, fortress-like, and surprisingly intricate up close. Across the way, I ducked into the Toulouse-Lautrec Museum, set inside a grand old bishop’s palace, and got totally drawn into the world of posters and Parisian nightlife.
One of my favorite parts of the visit was simply strolling along the riverbanks and through the peaceful garden terraces. Albi has this perfect mix of elegance and ease, where cafés spill into sunny plazas and the pace of life slows down just enough. I grabbed a table on Place du Vigan for a long lunch, where people watching was half the fun. It’s not a huge town, but it feels full of discovery—every turn brings a hidden courtyard, a tucked-away gallery, or a bakery with something irresistible in the window.
View our Albi GuideBéziers

Béziers is a charming and authentic city located in the Occitanie region of southern France, offering travelers a delightful blend of cultural heritage, bustling markets, and Mediterranean warmth. Visiting Béziers provides the perfect opportunity to stroll leisurely through its picturesque old town, exploring narrow streets filled with local boutiques, cafés, and restaurants serving traditional Languedoc cuisine. The vibrant atmosphere around the central square, Place Jean Jaurès, invites visitors to relax with a coffee or aperitif while watching daily life unfold. Béziers is one of the most underrated cities in France.
The city is also known for its scenic beauty, particularly the Canal du Midi, where visitors can enjoy leisurely walks, bike rides, or boat cruises along this UNESCO-listed waterway. Outdoor enthusiasts appreciate Béziers for its proximity to lush vineyards and stunning landscapes, ideal for wine tasting tours and countryside excursions. Whether indulging in local specialties at vibrant markets or savoring panoramic views from the Saint-Nazaire Cathedral’s terraces, Béziers offers a warm and authentic experience in Occitanie.
View our Béziers GuideCarcassonne

Visiting Carcassonne is like stepping into a fairy tale, with its impressive medieval fortress that dominates the skyline. The city is known for its well-preserved citadel, which provides a glimpse into the past with its stone walls, turrets, and narrow cobblestone streets. Walking through the streets of La Cité, the historic walled area, feels like wandering through a living museum, and the views of the surrounding countryside are spectacular.
The atmosphere in Carcassonne is charming, especially in the evening when the city is lit up, creating a magical ambiance. Aside from the citadel, visitors can explore its quaint shops, cafes, and the beautiful Basilica of Saint-Nazaire. Whether you’re enjoying a leisurely boat ride along the Aude River or savoring the local gastronomy, Carcassonne offers plenty of activities to fill a few days of exploration in this picturesque southern French town.
View our Carcassonne GuideCollioure

Collioure, located in the Occitanie region of southern France, is a charming coastal town known for its vibrant colors and picturesque scenery. The town is perfect for those looking to unwind by the sea, with its beautiful beaches, stunning Mediterranean views, and a rich artistic atmosphere. Visitors can stroll through the narrow streets lined with colorful houses, visit the bustling harbor, and explore the local shops and cafes. The quaint vibe and beautiful landscapes make it a lovely destination for a relaxing getaway, with plenty of opportunities to enjoy the warm weather and the Mediterranean coast.
Collioure is also a haven for art lovers, as it has been a source of inspiration for many famous artists, including Matisse and Derain. Art galleries and exhibitions are scattered throughout the town, showcasing works that capture the essence of the stunning surroundings. In addition to the art scene, Collioure offers plenty of activities like hiking, sailing, and visiting nearby vineyards. The combination of natural beauty, culture, and outdoor experiences makes it an ideal spot for those looking for a peaceful yet engaging destination on the French coast.
View our Collioure GuideMontpellier

Montpellier, located in the Occitanie region of southern France, is a vibrant and youthful city with a unique blend of old-world charm and modern energy. Its sunny Mediterranean climate, bustling town squares, and lively street culture make it a perfect destination for both relaxation and exploration. The city feels alive with students, art, and music, giving it an effortlessly cool vibe that’s hard to resist.
Walking through Montpellier, you’re met with elegant architecture, cozy cafés, and dynamic markets tucked into winding streets. Whether you’re enjoying the atmosphere at Place de la Comédie or wandering through the leafy promenades, the city invites you to take your time. With beaches nearby and a laid-back lifestyle, it’s easy to see why Montpellier leaves such a lasting impression.
View our Montpellier GuideNarbonne

Narbonne, located in the Occitanie region of southern France, is a laid-back city with a sunny Mediterranean feel and a strong connection to the nearby coast. It blends a relaxed pace with cultural richness, making it a great stop for travelers interested in architecture, food, and local charm. The city’s canal, lively markets, and palm-lined squares give it an inviting atmosphere perfect for wandering and soaking up the vibe.
One of Narbonne’s standout features is its easy access to both countryside and coast. Whether you’re browsing fresh produce at Les Halles, relaxing by the Canal de la Robine, or heading to the nearby beaches, the city offers a mix of experiences without the crowds of larger tourist hubs. It’s especially appealing to visitors looking for a slower, sun-drenched getaway with authentic southern French character.
View our Narbonne GuideNimes

Nîmes, in the Occitanie region, is a city where Roman grandeur meets southern French charm. Its sun-drenched streets, leafy boulevards, and relaxed pace make it a pleasant place to explore on foot. The architecture is striking, blending ancient stone with classical French facades, and there’s a strong local culture centered around food, markets, and outdoor living.
The city is also a great base for exploring the surrounding countryside, including vineyards, garrigue landscapes, and nearby villages. Nîmes hosts festivals and cultural events year-round, giving visitors a chance to experience its lively spirit. Whether you’re strolling through a shaded square or enjoying a glass of wine at a terrace café, Nîmes offers a warm and memorable experience.
View our Nimes GuideRocamadour

Rocamadour, in the Occitanie region, is a dramatic village built into the side of a limestone cliff, offering one of the most breathtaking settings in France. The vertical layout of the town, with its winding paths, stone buildings, and religious monuments stacked against the rock, creates a unique atmosphere that draws visitors from near and far. Walking through its narrow streets and climbing the stairs to its sanctuaries is both peaceful and awe-inspiring.
Surrounded by the beautiful landscapes of the Dordogne Valley, Rocamadour is also a great base for exploring nearby natural and cultural sites. From scenic hikes to local food specialties, the area blends spiritual calm with rural charm. Whether you’re there for a day or a few nights, Rocamadour leaves a lasting impression with its beauty and sense of quiet wonder.
View our Rocamadour GuideSete

Sète is a charming coastal town in southern France, known for its picturesque canals, bustling fishing port, and vibrant markets. Visitors often enjoy wandering through its lively streets, sampling fresh seafood at waterfront restaurants, and exploring the local art scene in small galleries and boutiques. The town offers a laid-back atmosphere, perfect for leisurely strolls along the marina or relaxing at one of the sandy beaches nearby.
Aside from its scenic appeal, Sète also hosts cultural events throughout the year, including lively festivals featuring boat-jousting competitions, a unique local tradition. The panoramic views from Mont Saint-Clair provide breathtaking vistas of the Mediterranean coastline, making it an ideal spot for photography enthusiasts. With its authentic ambiance and Mediterranean charm, Sète makes for a delightful and relaxing stop on any itinerary exploring the south of France.
View our Sete GuideToulouse

Toulouse, known as the “Pink City” due to its terracotta buildings, offers visitors a captivating blend of vibrant culture, beautiful architecture, and relaxed southern French charm. The city is perfect for exploring on foot, with its charming squares, scenic canals, and tree-lined streets. With an excellent selection of cafés, restaurants, and shops, Toulouse provides a welcoming atmosphere to relax and enjoy a leisurely day out.
For those looking to combine city exploration with nature, Toulouse has easy access to outdoor activities like boat rides on the Garonne River or strolls through the extensive parks surrounding the city. The city is also home to several museums, art galleries, and historical landmarks that add to its cultural appeal. Whether enjoying local cuisine, visiting historic sites, or relaxing by the river, Toulouse offers something for every traveler.
View our Toulouse GuideUzes

Uzès is a charming town in the Occitanie region, known for its beautiful medieval architecture, lively markets, and tranquil atmosphere. Visitors can explore the picturesque streets, lined with boutiques, cafés, and art galleries, all while soaking in the town’s relaxed, small-town feel. The town’s central square, Place aux Herbes, hosts a popular market where you can sample local produce and regional specialties.
For nature enthusiasts, Uzès is surrounded by scenic landscapes, including vineyards and olive groves, offering plenty of opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking or cycling. The nearby Pont du Gard, a UNESCO World Heritage site, provides a stunning natural backdrop for the area. Whether you’re exploring the quaint town center or enjoying the surrounding countryside, Uzès offers a peaceful and captivating escape.
View our Uzes GuideLourdes

Lourdes is a renowned pilgrimage destination located in the Pyrénées mountains, attracting visitors from around the world. The town is most famous for the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, where millions of pilgrims visit each year to pray, seek healing, and experience the peaceful atmosphere. The sanctuary, along with its beautiful basilicas and chapels, offers visitors a serene environment to reflect and connect with the spiritual. The town itself is filled with charming streets, local markets, and quaint cafes, making it a pleasant destination for both pilgrims and tourists.
In addition to its religious significance, Lourdes offers outdoor enthusiasts the opportunity to explore the stunning natural landscapes surrounding the town. The nearby Gave de Pau River offers a peaceful setting for leisurely walks, while the surrounding Pyrenees Mountains provide fantastic hiking opportunities. Whether you’re visiting for the spiritual experience, the natural beauty, or simply to enjoy a relaxing getaway, Lourdes offers a diverse and enriching experience for all types of travelers.
View our Lourdes GuideMontauban

Montauban is a charming town in the Occitanie and Languedoc region, offering a peaceful escape with its beautiful streets, historic buildings, and scenic riverfront. Visitors can stroll around the Place Nationale, a lively square lined with elegant arcades and cafes, perfect for enjoying local pastries or a coffee. The town is compact, making it easy to explore on foot, and offers plenty of opportunities for leisurely walks along the Tarn River and through its picturesque neighborhoods.
For art enthusiasts, Montauban also has a rich cultural scene. The Musée Ingres, dedicated to the renowned artist Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, showcases a fantastic collection of art, while the town’s various galleries and events provide a vibrant, creative atmosphere. Whether you’re wandering its medieval streets, enjoying its relaxed ambiance, or diving into its art scene, Montauban offers an ideal blend of history and culture in a beautiful setting.
View our Montauban GuideCahors

Nestled in the rolling limestone hills of the Occitanie and Languedoc, Cahors makes an enchanting base for exploring the southwest of France. Begin your visit by wandering the medieval heart of town, where the graceful arches of the Pont Valentré soar above the lazy loops of the Lot River. Stroll along the riverbanks at sunrise to watch fishing canoes glide under the bridge, then amble through the narrow, flower-lined streets to discover tucked-away cafés serving strong coffee and flaky croissants. Don’t miss the lively market on Place Louis-Lautrec—on Wednesdays and Saturdays local producers lay out crates of fresh truffles, goat cheeses, walnuts and bottles of the signature Cahors “black” Malbec.
For a taste of the surrounding countryside, rent a bicycle or join a guided tour to pedal along the Voie Verte, a converted railway track that follows the river through orchards and past cliff-perched villages. Along the way you’ll pass shaded picnic spots where you can sample local charcuterie paired with crisp Côtes du Lot rosé. If you’d rather stay on two feet, lace up hiking boots to tackle the panoramic trails above the river gorge, stopping at scenic belvederes that look out over patchwork vineyards and sunflower fields. Active types can also kayak or stand-up paddleboard on the calm waters of the Lot, slipping beneath ancient bridges and past riverside manor houses.
As evening falls, Cahors comes alive with convivial bistros and wine bars clustered around Place François-Mitterrand. Sip a glass of full-bodied Malbec—its deep fruit and peppery notes perfectly complement slow-cooked duck confit or warm walnut cake—while locals and visitors chat under strings of glowing lanterns. For a splurge, reserve a table in one of the town’s elegant restaurants, where menus change with the seasons and highlight black truffle shavings or Célé mushrooms foraged from nearby forests. Whether you’re here for the food, the scenery or simply the quiet charm of southwestern France, Cahors offers a warm welcome and an inviting pace that will linger long after you depart.
View our Cahors GuideHistory of Occitanie & Languedoc
Prehistoric and Ancient Occitanie & Languedoc
The history of Occitanie & Languedoc stretches back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlements such as the famous cave paintings of Niaux and Chauvet. During the Iron Age, Celtic tribes like the Volcae settled in the region, establishing trading networks and fortified settlements. The area was later absorbed into the Roman Empire, becoming part of the province of Gallia Narbonensis. Roman cities such as Nîmes, Béziers, and Toulouse flourished, with amphitheaters, aqueducts, and temples still visible today.
Early Medieval Occitanie & Languedoc (5th–10th Century)
Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Visigoths took control of the region in the 5th century. They made Toulouse a capital of their kingdom, leaving a legacy of early Christian culture. The region changed hands several times, including incursions by the Franks and Saracens. By the 8th century, it had become a frontier between Islamic and Christian territories, before gradually becoming part of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne.
High Medieval Occitanie & Languedoc: Rise of the Occitan Culture (11th–13th Century)
This period saw the flowering of Occitan culture, with the development of the langue d’oc and the rise of the troubadour tradition. The Counts of Toulouse and other local lords fostered a sophisticated courtly culture. Languedoc was known for its religious tolerance and prosperity. However, this era was also marked by the spread of Catharism, a Christian dualist movement that challenged the Catholic Church.
The Albigensian Crusade and Fall of Independent Languedoc (1209–1229)
The Cathar heresy led to the brutal Albigensian Crusade, launched by the Catholic Church and French crown to eliminate the movement. Major cities like Carcassonne and Béziers were besieged and devastated. The campaign resulted in the destruction of much of Occitan independence and culture. By the Treaty of Paris in 1229, the County of Toulouse was brought under the control of the French crown, signaling the end of Languedoc’s autonomy.
Late Medieval to Renaissance Occitanie & Languedoc (14th–16th Century)
Following the crusade, the region was more tightly integrated into the Kingdom of France. Occitanie & Languedoc experienced recurring plagues, economic decline, and the impact of the Hundred Years’ War. However, Toulouse remained a vibrant intellectual center. The Renaissance brought a revival of learning and art, though the langue d’oc gradually declined in official use as French became dominant.
Early Modern Occitanie & Languedoc (17th–18th Century)
The Ancien Régime saw the consolidation of royal authority in Occitanie & Languedoc. The region was administered by royal governors and remained culturally distinct. Huguenot communities, especially in Nîmes and Montpellier, were influential until the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685, which led to persecution and emigration. Despite this, cities like Montpellier became hubs for medicine, science, and philosophy.
Revolutionary and Napoleonic Occitanie & Languedoc (1789–1815)
The French Revolution brought administrative reorganization, abolishing the old provinces. Languedoc was divided into new départements. The region saw both revolutionary enthusiasm and royalist resistance. Under Napoleon, infrastructure improved and secular reforms reshaped society. However, traditional regional identities persisted despite the centralizing efforts of the state.
19th Century Occitanie & Languedoc: Industrialization and Identity
The 19th century brought railways, canals, and industrialization to parts of the region, especially around Toulouse and Albi. Wine production expanded significantly, though it also led to crises due to overproduction and disease. Occitan identity movements began to emerge, with writers and activists promoting the revival of the Occitan language and cultural pride.
20th Century Occitanie & Languedoc: War, Modernization, and Regionalism
World Wars I and II had deep impacts on the region, with resistance movements active in the rugged terrain during German occupation. Postwar modernization brought economic development, especially with the growth of aeronautics in Toulouse. At the same time, regionalist movements grew stronger, promoting Occitan language rights and decentralization.
Contemporary Occitanie & Languedoc (21st Century)
In recent years, the Occitanie & Languedoc region has become a major hub for tourism, technology, and education. The merger of Languedoc-Roussillon and Midi-Pyrénées in 2016 created the new administrative region of Occitanie, reuniting historical territories. Cultural revival continues, with Occitan language programs, festivals, and growing recognition of the region’s unique historical identity.
Best Time to Visit Occitanie & Languedoc
Spring in Occitanie & Languedoc
Spring (March to May) is one of the best times to visit Occitanie & Languedoc. The weather is mild and sunny, ideal for exploring vineyards, medieval villages, and Roman ruins without the summer crowds. Wildflowers bloom across the countryside, and local markets begin to fill with fresh seasonal produce.
Summer in Occitanie & Languedoc
Summer (June to August) is peak tourist season in Occitanie & Languedoc. Expect hot days, lively festivals, and packed beaches along the Mediterranean coast. Cities like Montpellier, Nîmes, and Carcassonne host major events, while mountain areas offer cooler escapes. It’s a vibrant, energetic time with a full calendar of cultural experiences.
Autumn in Occitanie & Languedoc
Autumn (September to November) brings warm days and crisp evenings to Occitanie & Languedoc. The grape harvest begins, making it an excellent time for wine lovers to visit. The summer crowds fade, but the scenery remains stunning, especially in the vineyards and hilltop villages.
Winter in Occitanie & Languedoc
Winter (December to February) is the quietest season in Occitanie & Languedoc. Coastal towns are calm, and cities take on a slower, more local rhythm. While it’s not beach weather, the Pyrenees offer snow sports, and historic towns like Albi and Toulouse shine with festive markets and winter charm.
Annual Weather Overview
- January 8°C 51°F
- February 11°C 56°F
- March 14°C 60°F
- April 18°C 67°F
- May 22°C 75°F
- June 27°C 84°F
- July 31°C 92°F
- August 31°C 91°F
- September 26°C 83°F
- October 21°C 74°F
- November 13°C 59°F
- December 10°C 54°F
How to get to Occitanie & Languedoc
By Plane
- Montpellier Airport (MPL): Montpellier is the main international gateway, with regular flights from major European cities. It’s a great launchpad for heading straight to the coast or inland wine country.
- Carcassonne Airport (CCF): A favorite with budget airlines—small, efficient, and just minutes from the fairy-tale fortress of Carcassonne.
- Toulouse Airport (TLS): Just outside the Languedoc boundary, but a solid option if you’re visiting the western side of the region or starting your trip in the vibrant city of Toulouse.
By Train
Take the TGV from Paris, Lyon, or Marseille and zip into Montpellier, Nîmes, or Narbonne in just a few hours. Regional TER trains connect the dots to towns like Albi, Béziers, and Perpignan. It’s fast, easy, and gives you amazing views along the way.
By Car
This is the best way to truly experience the region. Rent a car and set your own pace—drive through medieval villages, stop at vineyards for tastings, explore the dramatic Cathar castles, or just meander along the Mediterranean coast. Many airports and train stations have car rental options, so you can hit the road right after you land or arrive by train.
A car lets you go off the beaten path and really feel the rhythm of Languedoc life.
Festivals in Occitanie & Languedoc
Feria de Nîmes
When: May & September
Where: Nîmes
A vibrant festival blending Spanish and French traditions, featuring bullfights, flamenco, parades, and lively street parties. For details, visit the Festival de Nîmes official website.
Festival de Carcassonne
When: July
Where: Carcassonne
Set within the medieval citadel, this festival offers a diverse lineup of opera, rock, theater, dance, and fireworks. More information is available on the Festival de Carcassonne official website.
Jazz à Sète
When: July
Where: Sète
An annual jazz festival held at the Théâtre de la Mer, showcasing international jazz artists against the Mediterranean backdrop. Explore the lineup at the Jazz à Sète official website.
Festival Radio France Occitanie Montpellier
When: July
Where: Montpellier
A celebration of classical music, jazz, and electronic genres, featuring concerts, operas, and talks. Details can be found on the Festival Radio France Occitanie Montpellier website.
Trobades Médiévales
When: October
Where: Perpignan
A medieval fair with re-enactments, jousting, troubadours, and artisan markets, transforming the city into a historical spectacle. Visit the Trobades Médiévales page for more information.
Total Festum
When: June
Where: Various towns across Occitanie
A regional festival celebrating Occitan and Catalan culture with music, dance, and traditional events. Learn more on the Total Festum page.
Festival du Vent
When: September
Where: Portiragnes
A family-friendly festival celebrating wind and air sports, featuring kites, hot-air balloons, and aerial displays. Details are available on the Ville de Portiragnes website.
Fête des Vendanges
When: September to October
Where: Various wine towns like Limoux
Harvest festivals celebrating the grape harvest with wine tastings, music, and local food. For example, Limoux hosts events detailed on the Limoux official website.
Les Toqués d’Oc
When: September
Where: Toulouse
A gourmet food festival where top chefs from Occitanie present tasting menus and cooking demonstrations. More information can be found at Toqués d’Oc.
These festivals offer a glimpse into the rich cultural tapestry of Occitanie & Languedoc, providing visitors with memorable experiences throughout the year.