Badajoz: The Complete Guide

Ancient and Roman Periods

The area around Badajoz has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of early settlements. The city itself, originally known as Civitas Pacensis, was occupied by various civilizations, including the Romans, who established it as a significant settlement due to its strategic location near the Guadiana River. The Romans developed infrastructure and built roads, enhancing its role as a local hub.

Visigothic Era

After the decline of the Roman Empire, Badajoz came under the control of the Visigoths. During this period, the city continued to be an important regional center. However, little is known about specific developments during the Visigothic era, as it was overshadowed by the subsequent Moorish conquest.

Moorish Conquest and Taifa Kingdom

In the 8th century, Badajoz was conquered by the Moors, who renamed it Batalyaws. Under Moorish rule, the city flourished, becoming the capital of the Taifa of Badajoz, an independent Moorish kingdom. This period saw significant cultural and architectural advancements, including the construction of the Alcazaba, a large Moorish fortress that still dominates the cityscape today. Badajoz became a center of learning and culture, attracting scholars and artisans.

Christian Reconquista

Badajoz was reconquered by the Christian forces of King Alfonso IX of León in 1230 during the Reconquista. The city was incorporated into the Kingdom of León and later into the Kingdom of Castile. Following the Reconquista, Badajoz became a crucial border town due to its proximity to Portugal. Its strategic importance led to the construction of new fortifications and the transformation of existing structures, such as the Alcazaba, to defend against invasions.

Conflict and Warfare

From the late Middle Ages through the early modern period, Badajoz was frequently caught in conflicts between Spain and Portugal. The city was a battleground during the War of the Spanish Succession, the Peninsular War against Napoleonic France, and the Portuguese Restoration War. One of the most notable events was the Storming of Badajoz in 1812 during the Peninsular War, where British and Portuguese forces besieged the city, leading to significant destruction and loss of life.

Modern Era

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Badajoz continued to play a strategic military role. During the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), the city experienced intense fighting and significant political turmoil. After the war, Badajoz, like much of Spain, underwent a period of reconstruction and modernization.

Contemporary Badajoz

Today, Badajoz is a vibrant city that balances its rich historical heritage with modern development. It is an important cultural and economic center in Extremadura, with a population that has grown significantly over the years. The city’s historical sites, such as the Alcazaba, the Cathedral of Badajoz, and the remnants of its ancient fortifications, attract tourists and history enthusiasts.

Key Historical Sites

Alcazaba of Badajoz: This massive Moorish fortress is one of the largest in Spain and offers stunning views of the city and the Guadiana River. It remains a symbol of Badajoz’s Moorish heritage.

Cathedral of Badajoz: Built in 1238, the cathedral resembles a fortress with its thick walls and defensive features, reflecting the turbulent history of the region.

Plaza Alta: A historic square in the heart of the old town, surrounded by colorful buildings and arcades, representing the blend of Moorish and Christian architectural influences.

Puerta de Palmas: A grand city gate and one of the most iconic landmarks of Badajoz, built in the 16th century as part of the city’s fortifications.

In summary, Badajoz’s history is marked by its strategic location, which made it a focal point of numerous conflicts and cultural exchanges. From its ancient Roman roots to its role in the Reconquista and beyond, Badajoz has evolved into a modern city that honors its diverse and storied past.