Complete Guide to Extremadura (2025)

Extremadura Spain

Extremadura, located on the western border with Portugal, has long been the poorest region in Spain. Historically, this poverty drove many of its inhabitants to seek better opportunities elsewhere, often in South America. Notably, two of the greatest Conquistadores, Pizarro and Cortés, hailed from this region. They, along with others, brought back immense wealth from South America, which they invested in large country estates and grand palaces in towns such as Cáceres and Trujillo. Further south, the regional capital Mérida, once a significant Roman city, boasts the finest Roman remains in Spain, including an impressive long Roman bridge and a large Roman theater, as well as the Spanish National Museum of Roman Art.

Today, Extremadura remains sparsely populated. Large areas are too poor to cultivate and are used for subsistence farming. The landscape features olive groves, scrub oak, and in more fertile areas, rolling fields of wheat. The granite bedrock is often just below the surface and frequently emerges in rocky outcrops.

The mountainous areas of Extremadura are very wild and attract bird-watchers and hikers, though the infrastructure for hikers remains relatively limited.

Region map of Extremadura

Cities of Extremadura

Badajoz

Badajoz

Badajoz, nestled in the heart of Extremadura, is a city that offers a captivating mix of cultural heritage, lively plazas, and scenic riverside views. Its historic center is a delight to explore, with charming cobbled streets, traditional tapas bars, and impressive landmarks such as the Plaza Alta, a stunning square lined with vibrant facades. The city’s Alcazaba, an ancient fortress overlooking the Guadiana River, provides breathtaking panoramas, making it a must-visit for travelers seeking an immersion into Spain’s architectural splendor.

Beyond its historical charm, Badajoz boasts a dynamic local atmosphere with inviting outdoor spaces, including the Guadiana River promenade, perfect for a scenic walk or a leisurely bike ride. Visitors can enjoy the peaceful surroundings of Parque Castelar, where shaded paths and fountains create a relaxing retreat in the middle of the city. The city is also known for its vibrant festivals, particularly Carnaval de Badajoz, one of Spain’s most lively and colorful celebrations, where the streets come alive with music, costumes, and joyful performances.

Food lovers will find plenty to indulge in, as Badajoz is a hub for traditional Extremaduran cuisine. Local specialties such as migas extremeñas (a savory breadcrumb dish) and jamón ibérico (cured Iberian ham) are must-tries, reflecting the region’s rich culinary heritage. Whether savoring delicious tapas in the bustling old town, exploring the picturesque riverbanks, or soaking up the city’s festive spirit, Badajoz offers an authentic Spanish experience with a distinctive blend of culture and warmth.

View our Badajoz Guide

Cáceres

Caceres E1714476613109
CC BY-SA 2.0 / Javier Losa

Visiting Cáceres in Extremadura is like stepping into a perfectly preserved medieval world, with the added bonus of calm, unhurried charm. This hilltop city offers one of Spain’s most atmospheric old quarters, filled with cobbled alleys, stone palaces, and ancient towers. Declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the historic center is almost untouched by modern development, making it a dream for visitors who want to immerse themselves in architectural beauty and a sense of timelessness.

Cáceres also surprises with its blend of cultures and flavors. As you wander through the old Jewish and Moorish quarters or rest in a shaded plaza, you’ll notice how the city layers Roman, Islamic, Gothic, and Renaissance elements in one seamless whole. Beyond sightseeing, the local food scene is a highlight—Extremadura is known for its cured meats, cheeses, and rustic stews, all of which you can sample in atmospheric taverns and modern bistros scattered throughout the old town.

While Cáceres doesn’t bustle like larger Spanish cities, its slower pace is part of the appeal. It’s easy to explore on foot, making it ideal for a weekend getaway or a cultural stop on a broader journey through western Spain. Whether you’re visiting for its architecture, cuisine, or peaceful setting, Cáceres delivers a truly memorable experience rooted in authenticity and understated elegance.

View our Cáceres Guide

Mérida

Merida

Mérida, situated in the heart of Extremadura, offers visitors a captivating blend of ancient wonders and modern Spanish charm. As the region’s capital, the city stands out for its impressive collection of Roman landmarks, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and casual travelers alike. Strolling through the streets, you’ll come across majestic ruins, charming plazas, and vibrant local markets, all contributing to the city’s dynamic atmosphere. Whether exploring grand amphitheaters or unwinding at a cozy café, Mérida effortlessly combines cultural richness with everyday life.

Beyond its Roman heritage, Mérida boasts beautiful natural surroundings, perfect for outdoor exploration. The Guadiana River, which winds through the city, offers scenic walking paths and picturesque spots for relaxation. Nearby parks provide excellent opportunities for hiking and birdwatching, making Mérida a well-rounded destination for both urban and nature lovers. The city’s slower pace and warm Extremaduran hospitality create a welcoming environment for travelers looking to experience Spain beyond the major tourist hubs.

Mérida is also an exceptional culinary destination, featuring local delicacies that reflect the region’s agricultural traditions. Visitors can savor jamón ibérico, a signature ham from Extremadura, alongside flavorful cheeses and rustic stews that celebrate the region’s fresh ingredients. Whether indulging in traditional tapas or sampling a glass of Extremaduran wine, every meal in Mérida is an experience in itself. The combination of ancient grandeur, natural beauty, and outstanding cuisine makes Mérida a truly memorable place to explore.

View our Mérida Guide

History of Extremadura

Prehistoric and Ancient Times in Extremadura

The Extremadura region has a long history, with evidence of human presence dating back to the Paleolithic era. Early prehistoric settlers left behind cave paintings and tools, particularly in sites like Cueva de Maltravieso. During the Bronze Age, the region saw the rise of fortified hill settlements, known as castros, where Celtic and Iberian tribes established their communities.

In the 2nd century BCE, the Romans arrived and integrated Extremadura into their empire. The region was part of the Roman province of Hispania Lusitania, and towns like Mérida (known as Augusta Emérita) became major centers of Roman culture and governance. The Romans left a significant legacy in Extremadura, including impressive architectural structures such as the Roman Theater of Mérida, Roman bridges, and aqueducts.

The Visigothic and Moorish Periods

After the fall of the Roman Empire, Extremadura became part of the Visigothic Kingdom during the 5th and 6th centuries. The Visigoths made Extremadura an important religious and administrative center, and it was during this period that Christianity began to spread more widely through the region.

In the early 8th century, Moorish forces swept through the Iberian Peninsula, and Extremadura became part of Al-Andalus. The region’s position between the Christian kingdoms to the north and the Muslim territories to the south made it a strategic area during the Reconquista. Though much of Extremadura was under Muslim control, it remained a key battleground for the Christian kingdoms fighting to reclaim Iberian lands.

The Kingdom of León and the Christian Reconquest

By the 12th century, Extremadura became a part of the Christian Kingdom of León, and later the Kingdom of Castile. The Reconquista had a significant impact on the region, as Christian rulers sought to push the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula. Extremadura played a key role in the Christian advance, with notable military figures and leaders, including Alfonso IX of León, leading the charge in the region.

During this period, many castles and fortifications were built to defend the territory. The Alcántara Bridge in Cáceres and the Castle of Trujillo are examples of the Christian strongholds constructed during the Reconquista.

The Middle Ages and the Rise of the Extremaduran Kingdoms

In the 13th and 14th centuries, Extremadura was incorporated into the growing Kingdom of Castile. During this time, the region developed economically through agriculture, particularly the cultivation of cereals, olives, and vines, which remain important today. The rise of local nobility and the establishment of powerful lordships led to the development of towns like Badajoz, Cáceres, and Trujillo, which played a key role in the region’s administration.

Extremadura’s medieval legacy can still be seen in its well-preserved historic towns, many of which have impressive churches, castles, and plazas from this period.

The Age of Exploration and the 16th Century

The 16th century was a period of immense importance for Extremadura, as it produced several notable figures who contributed to the Age of Exploration. Francisco Pizarro, a native of Trujillo, was one of the most famous explorers of the era and led the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire in South America. Similarly, Hernán Cortés (born in Medellín) played a leading role in the conquest of the Aztec Empire in Mexico.

During this time, Extremadura also experienced significant economic growth due to the wealth generated by the Spanish empire’s overseas conquests. However, this prosperity was short-lived, and the region faced a gradual decline in the following centuries.

The Decline and Economic Struggles of the 17th and 18th Centuries

The 17th century saw a period of economic decline for Extremadura, as the wealth from the empire began to dwindle. The region’s agricultural economy struggled, and many towns faced social unrest and economic difficulties. The War of Spanish Succession and other European conflicts also had a negative impact on the region.

By the 18th century, Extremadura had become one of the poorest regions in Spain. The region’s traditional industries, such as agriculture and textiles, struggled to compete with the growing industrialization of other parts of Spain.

The 19th and 20th Centuries in Extremadura

In the 19th century, Extremadura was significantly affected by the Napoleonic invasions and the Peninsular War. The region was a key battleground during the conflict, with battles taking place in towns like Badajoz and Albuera.

The Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) also left a lasting impact on Extremadura, with the region witnessing intense fighting and suffering. Many towns were damaged, and social divisions deepened.

During the Francoist era, Extremadura remained an agricultural region, but it faced significant underdevelopment and isolation compared to other parts of Spain. The region’s economy remained centered on agriculture, particularly the production of olive oil and wine.

Modern Extremadura

Today, Extremadura is an autonomous community in Spain, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty. The region remains largely rural, with a strong agricultural economy based on olive oil production, cork, and wine. Extremadura’s historical towns, such as Cáceres and Mérida, are UNESCO World Heritage sites, attracting tourists with their medieval architecture and Roman ruins. The region has also developed a strong tourism industry, drawing visitors to its picturesque landscapes, ancient castles, and Roman heritage. Extremadura continues to preserve its unique cultural traditions while adapting to modern Spain.

Best Time to Visit Extremadura

Visiting Extremadura in Spring

Spring (March to May) is a great time to visit Extremadura, with daytime temperatures ranging from 15°C to 22°C in March and warming up to 18°C to 27°C by May. Nights are cooler, with temperatures ranging from 5°C to 12°C in March and 10°C to 14°C in May. This mild weather is perfect for exploring the region’s historical sites, nature reserves, and participating in outdoor festivals.

Visiting Extremadura in Summer

Summer (June to August) in Extremadura can be hot, with daytime temperatures frequently exceeding 30°C, especially in Badajoz, Cáceres, and Mérida. Temperatures can rise to 35°C to 40°C during heatwaves, and the nights remain warm, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 24°C. While summer is the peak tourist season, it can be quite intense for those not used to the heat, making it best for those who enjoy hot weather and want to experience the lively summer festivals.

Visiting Extremadura in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) is one of the best times to visit Extremadura, with temperatures ranging from 22°C to 30°C in September, gradually cooling to 12°C to 18°C by November. Nights become cooler, with temperatures ranging from 14°C to 18°C in September and 5°C to 10°C by November. This season offers comfortable temperatures and vibrant autumn colors, making it ideal for hiking, exploring the region’s vineyards, and attending harvest-related festivals.

Visiting Extremadura in Winter

Winter (December to February) in Extremadura is generally mild compared to other parts of Spain, with daytime temperatures ranging from 5°C to 15°C. Nights can get quite cold, dropping to 0°C to 4°C, and occasional frost is common in the higher altitudes. While winter is the low season for tourism, it offers a peaceful and quiet atmosphere for those who want to visit historical cities like Mérida and Cáceres, as well as enjoy winter sports in the nearby mountains.

Annual Weather Overview

  • January 12°C
  • February 15°C
  • March 17°C
  • April 24°C
  • May 27°C
  • June 29°C
  • July 34°C
  • August 32°C
  • September 30°C
  • October 25°C
  • November 17°C
  • December 14°C

How to get to Extremadura

Getting to the Extremadura Region by Air

Extremadura is accessible by a few airports, though most international travelers may first fly into Madrid or Seville and travel to the region by train or bus. However, the region itself has airports that handle both domestic and some international flights.

Badajoz Airport (BJZ) is the main airport in Extremadura, located approximately 13 km from the city center of Badajoz. It offers mainly domestic flights to Madrid, Barcelona, and Palma de Mallorca, with a few international routes as well. This airport is the most convenient option for those looking to visit Badajoz and its surrounding areas.

Another airport in the region is Cáceres-Puertollano Airport (CTJ), though it is smaller and generally handles fewer flights. The nearest major airport for international flights is Madrid-Barajas Adolfo Suárez Airport (MAD), which is about 3.5 hours away by car or train, providing more connections to Extremadura.

Getting Around the Extremadura Region by Train

The Extremadura region is well-connected by Spain’s national rail network, Renfe, offering access to major towns and cities in the area.

Badajoz and Cáceres are key railway hubs. The Badajoz Railway Station offers services to Madrid and Seville, making it a convenient point of entry for travelers. From Badajoz, visitors can take regional trains to Cáceres, Mérida, and Plasencia.

Cáceres also serves as an important railway station, connecting Extremadura with Madrid via high-speed services. Mérida and Plasencia are both accessible by Renfe regional trains, providing easy access to smaller towns and historical sites within the region.

Getting Around the Extremadura Region by Bus

Buses are an excellent way to travel within Extremadura, especially to smaller towns and rural areas not served by train. Badajoz, Cáceres, and Mérida have major bus stations, such as the Estación de Autobuses de Badajoz and Cáceres Bus Station, which offer frequent services connecting the region with cities like Seville, Madrid, and Lisbon, as well as smaller towns like Trujillo and Plasencia.

Buses are often the best way to reach rural destinations or villages tucked away in the Sierra de Gata and Sierra de la Estrella mountains, where train connections are limited.

Getting Around the Extremadura Region by Car

Renting a car is one of the best ways to explore Extremadura, particularly if you wish to visit remote towns or the region’s national parks. Extremadura is well-connected by major highways, including the A-5 that connects Badajoz to Madrid, and the A-66 connecting Seville to Gijón via Cáceres and Mérida.

Having a car allows you to explore the beautiful countryside of Extremadura, including the Monfragüe National Park, the Villuercas Ibores Jara mountain range, and the historic towns of Trujillo and Mérida, known for its Roman ruins.

The road network is generally well-maintained, making it easy to travel between cities and villages at your own pace. Parking is generally available in Cáceres, Badajoz, and Mérida, but it can be more limited in smaller towns, especially in the historical centers.

Getting Around the Extremadura Region by Public Transport

In addition to trains and buses, public transportation within larger towns like Badajoz, Cáceres, and Mérida typically includes local buses. Cáceres, for example, has a well-established bus network that covers the city and connects its outskirts with the central areas, historical sites, and the train station.

In rural areas, buses serve as the primary form of public transport, although services can be infrequent, especially during off-peak seasons. For those traveling to remote areas like the Tajo Internacional or Sierra de Gata, local buses are available, but planning ahead is essential.

Festivals in Extremadura

Fiesta de la Virgen de la Candelaria
When: February
Where: Badajoz
A religious and cultural festival celebrating the Virgin of Candelaria. The festival features processions, local music, and dances, reflecting the traditional customs of Badajoz.

Feria de Agosto
When: August
Where: Badajoz
A large summer fair in Badajoz, offering a mix of funfair rides, local food, concerts, and traditional performances. This vibrant event attracts visitors from all over the region.

Fiesta de San Juan
When: June
Where: Cáceres
A lively celebration marking the arrival of summer with bonfires, fireworks, and street parties in Cáceres. The festival is known for its energetic atmosphere and traditional Spanish music and dances.

Feria Internacional de Teatro Clásico de Almagro
When: July
Where: Mérida
A renowned festival in Mérida, showcasing classical theater performances in the stunning Roman Theater. It celebrates ancient plays and brings together international theater companies for a month of dramatic performances.

Festival Internacional de Música de Plasencia
When: July
Where: Plasencia
An international music festival held in Plasencia, featuring performances across a variety of musical genres, from classical to contemporary. The event attracts musicians and music lovers from all over the world.

Semana Santa
When: April
Where: Badajoz, Mérida, Cáceres
The Semana Santa (Holy Week) celebrations in Extremadura are marked by impressive religious processions, particularly in Badajoz, Mérida, and Cáceres, with participants dressed in traditional robes and carrying religious icons through the streets.

Feria de Trujillo
When: September
Where: Trujillo
An annual festival in Trujillo, celebrating the region’s agricultural and historical heritage. The event includes livestock shows, traditional music, dance, and local food, reflecting the town’s rural traditions.

Fiesta de la Santa Vera Cruz
When: May
Where: Caravaca de la Cruz
A significant religious festival in Caravaca de la Cruz honoring the Holy Cross. It includes processions, music, and traditional rituals, drawing thousands of pilgrims to the town.

Fiesta del Tajo
When: May
Where: Villareal de San Carlos
A local festival in Villareal de San Carlos, located in the Monfragüe National Park, celebrating the natural beauty of the region with outdoor events, nature walks, and performances.

Fiesta del Cordero
When: May
Where: Zafra
A festival celebrating the lamb and other local agricultural products in Zafra. It includes a culinary contest, where visitors can sample traditional lamb dishes, alongside music and dancing.