Nine Holy Cannons of Nguyen Dynasty

Historic Site in Hue

The Nine Holy Cannons (Cửu Vị Thần Công) are a renowned landmark in Hue and a symbol of the grandeur of the Nguyen Dynasty. Cast between 1803 and 1804 at the command of Emperor Gia Long, these cannons, also known as the “Nine Gods,” are celebrated as masterpieces of bronze art and are considered the largest and most valuable bronze works in Vietnam. Originally positioned at the Moon Gate, the main entrance to the Imperial City, they were relocated in 1917 during Emperor Khai Dinh’s reign to their current location on either side of the Flag Tower.

Each cannon, measuring 5.1 meters in length and weighing approximately 17,000 pounds, has its weight engraved on it. The cannons are named after the four seasons and the five elements (metal, wood, water, fire, and earth). Despite their formidable appearance, these cannons were never intended for use in battle; they serve a symbolic role in protecting the Imperial City.

The cannons were cast from bronze weapons and utensils collected after the defeat of the Tay Son Dynasty, a testament to King Gia Long’s victory. The casting process, which began on January 31, 1803, was led by commanders known for their loyalty, caution, respect, and reputation, reflecting the importance placed on this monumental task. The cannons were completed in December 1804, with intricate details such as titles, ranks, weights, and inscriptions commemorating the conflict with the Tay Son Dynasty engraved on their bodies.

The cannons share a uniform design, featuring flared mouths, elongated bodies that bulge toward the tail, and stylized qilin head straps. They are adorned with delicate floral patterns and equipped with wooden stands and iron braces, allowing them to be rotated like modern cannons. The names of the cannons—Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water—are prominently embossed at the end of each piece. Recognized as a National Treasure of Vietnam in 2012, the Nine Holy Cannons remain a significant cultural and historical symbol of Hue.

The Nine Holy Cannons of Nguyen Dynasty appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Hue!

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