Bologna: The Complete Guide

Bologna, a captivating city, holds the distinction of being the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna region. Renowned by many Italians as the second most beautiful city after Venice, it boasts a rich heritage and a vibrant atmosphere. Bologna’s charm lies in its relaxed and stress-free lifestyle, accompanied by a warm and lively ambiance. Its historic center, one of the largest and best-preserved in Italy, showcases remarkable architecture characterized by extensive porticos—a feature that is uniquely well-maintained in Europe. The cityscape is adorned with brick buildings crowned by terracotta tiles, presenting a breathtaking array of reds and oranges.

Within Bologna’s boundaries lies the oldest university in Europe, established in the 11th century. With a significant portion of its population comprising university students, the city exudes a vibrant energy that contributes to its lively atmosphere, thriving nightlife, and theatrical offerings. Bologna holds the title of the Italian hub for rock and alternative music, hosting nearly 100 concerts annually featuring internationally renowned bands.

Often hailed as the culinary capital of Italy, Bologna’s gastronomy is a source of great pride. It is famous for its delectable specialties such as Parma ham, balsamic vinegar, parmesan cheese, lasagne, and spaghetti Bolognese, all originating from this vibrant city.

History of Bologna

Bologna’s history spans over 3,000 years, reaching back to the Bronze Age, with significant developments during the Iron Age when Villanovian villages flourished. Skilled blacksmiths and potters inhabited these villages, establishing trade connections with Greeks and Phoenicians. In the 6th century, the Etruscans gained dominance, succeeded by Gauls in the 4th century BC and later by the Romans in the 2nd century, renaming it Bononia.

Bologna thrived as a Roman city, but with the Empire’s decline, it faced occupation by Byzantines, Visigoths, and Lombards. The Lombards used it strategically for military purposes from the 8th century. Seeking free commune status in the 11th century, Bologna founded what many consider the world’s first university in 1088, marking a remarkable era of prominence in the medieval world. Notable historic buildings, including the iconic Two Towers (Due Torri), were constructed during this period.

In 1506, Papal troops seized Bologna, leading to the construction of numerous churches and convents. The university expanded, establishing botanical gardens in 1568. Napoleonic rule began in 1797, and Bologna joined the Kingdom of Italy in 1860. In WWII, Bolognese Jews faced deportation, and the city’s historic centre experienced Allied aerial bombardment in 1941. Post-war, Bologna became a key industrial centre, growing into one of Italy’s wealthiest cities with a strong leftist political tradition and culinary excellence.

Notable historical facts include the construction of 180 towers by Bologna’s elite during the Middle Ages for displays of wealth and power. Despite its leftist tradition, the city’s grand football stadium, built under Mussolini, symbolized fascist might. Additionally, during the “Years of Lead,” a bomb planted by fascists at Bologna station resulted in 85 casualties, marking one of the post-war era’s worst tragedies.

Visiting Bologna for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Bologna on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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This complete guide to Bologna not only tells you about the very best sights and tourist attractions for first-time visitors to the city but also provide insights into a few of our personal favorite things to do.

This is a practical guide to visiting the best places to see in Bologna and is filled with tips and info that should answer all your questions!

Piazza Nettuno

CC BY-SA 4.0 / EvelinaRibarova

The square, named after the statue of Neptune, was established in 1564 to showcase the iconic sculpture. Its creation involved the demolition of a block of buildings, expanding the space between Palazzo d'Accursio and Palazzo del Podestà. The statue of Neptune, crafted by the renowned Flemish sculptor Jean de Boulogne, also known as Giambologna, and Tommaso Laureti, nicknamed The Sicilian,…

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Location: Piazza Nettuno, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 24 Hours | Price: Free | Distance: 0.0km

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Visiting Piazza Nettuno

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Biblioteca Salaborsa

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Lorenzo Gaudenzi

Situated in Bologna, in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, Salaborsa serves as the primary public library. In 2001, the library's central offices were relocated to the northern sections of Palazzo d'Accursio, which is positioned adjacent to Piazza del Nettuno, a short distance north of Piazza Maggiore. A unique feature of the library is the opportunity for visitors to glimpse an…

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Location: Biblioteca Salaborsa, Piazza del Nettuno, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Monday: 2.30pm-8.00pm Tuesday - Friday: 10am- 8pm Saturday & Sunday: 10am to 7pm | Price: Free | Website | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Biblioteca Salaborsa

Here are all your hotel options in Bologna.

Monument to Fallen Partisans

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Pietro Luca Cassarino

During your visit to Bologna's Fountain of Neptune, take a moment to direct your gaze slightly northwest towards the east-facing wall of Palazzo d'Accursio. There, you will discover a poignant memorial dedicated to the fallen partisans of Bologna's resistance movement during World War II. This memorial originated shortly after the city's liberation, as indicated by its topmost inscription. Initially, family…

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Location: Biblioteca Salaborsa, Piazza del Nettuno, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Monument to Fallen Partisans

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Fontana Vecchia

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Fred Romero

Resting against the grand façade of Palazzo d'Accursio, the fountain was crafted by architect Tommaso Laureti from Palermo, who also designed the renowned Fontana di Nettuno (Fountain of Neptune) in the sixteenth century. The Fountain of Neptune, sculpted by the Flemish artist Giambologna, stands as a testament to Laureti's artistic prowess.

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Location: Fontana Vecchia, Via Ugo Bassi, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 24 Hours | Price: Free | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Fontana Vecchia

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San Pietro Cathedral, Bologna

CC BY-SA 3.0 / CEphoto, Uwe Aranas

Since at least 1028, St. Peter's Cathedral has occupied the same site, serving as a significant religious landmark. The original church met its demise, giving way to a consecrated new church in 1184. In 1396, a grand portico was added, enhancing the cathedral's appearance. Subsequently, during the 15th century, a series of frescoes adorned its walls, although they suffered considerable…

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Location: Cattedrale Metropolitana di San Pietro, Via dell'Indipendenza, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: From Monday to Saturday: 7:30 am – 6:45 pm Sunday 8:00 am – 6:45 pm Bell Tower: Every Saturday from 2.00pm to 4.30pm in summer also from 19:00 to 23:00 cost: 5 euros | Price: Free entry | Cathedral of San Petronio and Archiginnasio Private Tour | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting San Pietro Cathedral, Bologna

Click here to read our blog about Emilia Romagna, Italy: 7-Days Itinerary

Palazzo d'Accursio

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Vanni Lazzari

Palazzo d'Accursio, also known as Palazzo Comunale, is a magnificent palace situated in Bologna. Nestled on the Piazza Maggiore, it served as the city's Town Hall until November 11, 2008. The palace is renowned for housing the Civic Art Collection, showcasing paintings ranging from the Middle Ages to the 19th century. Additionally, it is home to the Museo Morandi, which…

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Location: Palazzo d'Accursio, Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: From Tuesday to Friday: 09:00 – 18:30 Saturday and Sunday: 10:00 – 18:30 Monday Closed| Price: Free entry | Clock Tower & Art collections of Palazzo D'Accursio Audio Guide and Food Tasting | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Palazzo d'Accursio

Explore Bologna yourself with our self-guided walking tour!

Palazzo Re Enzo

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Vanni Lazzari

Palazzo Re Enzo, situated on Piazza del Nettuno in the historic centre of Bologna, stands as a remarkable palace with a fascinating history. It derives its name from Enzio of Sardinia, the son of Frederick II, who was held captive within its walls from 1249 until his passing in 1272. It is also called ' Palazzo Nuovo ' to distinguish it from…

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Location: Palazzo Re Enzo, Piazza del Nettuno, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Palazzo Re Enzo

Explore Bologna yourself with our self-guided walking tour!

Palazzo del Podesta, Bologna

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Georges Jansoone

The Podesta Palace, also known as Palazzo del Podesta, stands as a prominent historical landmark cherished by history and architecture enthusiasts. It was initially constructed in 1200 to serve as the first seat of government in Bologna. However, due to its insufficient size, the Palazzo Re Enzo was later built to accommodate the expanding governmental needs. In 1453, the palace…

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Location: Palazzo del Podestà, Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Admission only during exhibitions | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Palazzo del Podesta, Bologna

Piazza Maggiore

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Vanni Lazzari

Piazza Maggiore, located in the heart of the city center, holds a significant historical legacy as one of the oldest squares in Italy. This vibrant square serves as a meeting point for the locals and plays host to numerous major events that bring the city to life. To truly immerse yourself in the essence of the town, it is highly…

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Location: Piazza Maggiore, Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 24 hours | Price: Free | Distance: 0.1km

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Visiting Piazza Maggiore

Palazzo dei Banchi (Banchi Palace)

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Giovanni Dall'Orto

Palazzo dei Banchi is a magnificent Renaissance-style palace located on the eastern side of Piazza Maggiore in the heart of Bologna. During the 16th century, when the current façade was built, Piazza Maggiore served as the main public square of Bologna, surrounded by significant religious and political institutions such as the Basilica of San Petronio, the Palazzo Re Enzo (Pretorian…

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Location: Palazzo dei Banchi, Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: interior is closed to the public | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Palazzo dei Banchi (Banchi Palace)

Torre Prendiparte o Coronata

CC BY-SA 4.0 / TeKappa

The Prendiparte Tower, also known as the Coronata Tower, was originally constructed in the 12th century by the Prendiparte family, a prominent guelph family in Bologna, as a defensive structure. Standing at a height of 60 meters, it is the second tallest tower in the city after the Asinelli Tower. Interestingly, it was initially intended to be even taller, but…

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Location: Torre Prendiparte (Sky Experience), Piazzetta Prendiparte, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Open on Sundays 11am-2pm; 2:30pm-6:30pm | Website | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Torre Prendiparte o Coronata

Santa Maria della Vita & Oratory of Battuti

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Dimitris Kamaras

The Sanctuary of Santa Maria della Vita is a Roman Catholic church situated in Quadrilatero district in the heart of Bologna, near Piazza Maggiore. The church, built in the late Baroque style, is an architectural gem that showcases the artistic mastery of its creators. Construction of the present church commenced between 1687 and 1690, based on the designs of Giovanni…

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Location: Santa Maria della Vita, Via Clavature, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: From Tuesday to Sunday: 10am - 6:30pm. Last entrance 1h before closing time. | Price: €5 | Website | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Santa Maria della Vita & Oratory of Battuti

Basilica di San Petronio

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Vanni Lazzari

Situated in Piazza Maggiore, the Basilica of San Petronio holds great significance as the largest and most prominent church in Bologna. It is dedicated to the city's patron saint, San Petronio. The construction of the basilica commenced in 1390 under the supervision of Antonio di Vincenzo. A noteworthy proposal was put forward by Arduino degli Arriguzzi in 1514, suggesting a…

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Location: Basilica di San Petronio, Piazza Maggiore, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Every day from 8.30am to 1.00pm and from 3.00pm to 6.30pm During the religious services, the tourist visit could be limited or suspended | Price: San Petronio: Free, San Petronio photo ticket: € 2,00, Cappella dei magi: € 5,00 / € 3,00, Museum: Free | Website | Distance: 0.2km

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Visiting Basilica di San Petronio

Palazzo Della Mercanzia (Merchandise Palace)

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Ambra75

The Palazzo della Mercanzia, constructed in 1382, showcases the remarkable Gothic architectural style and was crafted by architects Lorenzo da Bagnomarino and Antonio di Vincenzo. Throughout its history, various designers added decorative elements like hanging arches, sculptures, pillars, and spiral columns, each representing distinct design schools. Initially, the palace served as the Universitas Mercatorum, or Forum of the Merchants, from…

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Location: Palazzo della Mercanzia, Piazza della Mercanzia, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Website | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting Palazzo Della Mercanzia (Merchandise Palace)

Museo Civico Archeologico (Archaelogical Museum)

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Ugeorge

The Archaeological Civic Museum, known as the Museo Civico Archeologico in Italian, holds a prominent position among Bologna's esteemed museums. Housed within the Palazzo Galvani, a 15th-century building located in the heart of the city just a stone's throw away from Piazza Maggiore, the museum offers a captivating journey through history. First opened to the public in 1881, the museum's…

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Location: Museo Civico Archeologico, Via dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Mon, Wed, Thu, Fri 9am-7pm| Sat, Sun 10am-8pm. Closed on Tue (except for holidays), 1 May, Dec 25th and Dec 31st. The ticket office closes one hour before. | Price: Adults € 6 Reduced price: € 3 / € 2 | Website | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting Museo Civico Archeologico (Archaelogical Museum)

Archiginnasio - Teatro Anatomico

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Wwikiwalter

Situated in the heart of Bologna's historic city centre, the Archiginnasio holds a significant position as one of the city's most notable palaces. Since 1838, it has served as the Municipal Library's residence. Commissioned by Cardinal Borromeo, the palace's construction took place between 1562 and 1563 under the guidance of architect Antonio Morandi, also known as Terribilia. Originally intended as…

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Location: Teatro Anatomico, Piazza Galvani, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: Palace:Monday to Saturday 9.00 – 19.00 Sunday and holidays 10.00 – 14.00Anatomical Theatre and Stabat Mater Room:Monday to Friday 10.00 – 18.00 Saturday 10.00 – 19.00 Sunday and holidays 10.00 – 14.00. | Price: € 3 | Website | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting Archiginnasio - Teatro Anatomico

The Two Towers: Garisenda and Degli Asinelli

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Clo5919

The iconic twin towers in Bologna are widely recognized as emblematic symbols of the city, situated at the point where the ancient Via Emilia, also known as the Aemilian Way, enters the city center. Among the two towers, the Asinelli Tower is the only one accessible to the public. Prior online booking or a visit to the Bologna Welcome Information…

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Location: Two Towers, Piazza di Porta Ravegnana, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: In the winter months open only on Saturday and Sunday from 9am to 5pm; from March opening hours 9-18. Tickets must be purchased at the Bologna Welcome Centre in Piazza Maggiore. | Price: Adults: € 5 | Website | Distance: 0.3km

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Visiting The Two Towers: Garisenda and Degli Asinelli

Finestrella di Via Piella

CC BY-SA 4.0 / DONATELLA BAJO

Passing through the Porta Govese or Torresotto dei Piella, you will arrive at a notable sight—the renowned window overlooking the Canale delle Moline and the accompanying bridge, both offering captivating views of the canal. This particular corner of the city has earned the moniker "little Venice." As you gaze out amidst the surrounding buildings, you will witness one of the…

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Location: Via Piella, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 24 Hours | Price: Free | Distance: 0.4km

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Visiting Finestrella di Via Piella

Porticoes of Piazza Cavour

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Fabrizio Garrisi

If you've visited Bologna, you'll surely recognize its distinctive porticoes. These covered walkways with stone entrance arches, vaulted ceilings, and marble floors are a prominent feature of the city. Originally designed to provide additional living space above ground level while preserving pedestrian areas (including space for horses in the past), the porticoes underwent a transformation from timber to stone or…

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Location: Piazza Cavour, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 24 hours | Price: Free | Distance: 0.4km

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Visiting Porticoes of Piazza Cavour

Seven Churches and the Basilica of Santo Stefano

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Vanni Lazzari

Among the fascinating churches adorned with art in Bologna, the Basilica of Santo Stefano stands out as the oldest and most evocative.  It is mainly known as “sette chiese” (“seven churches”) because it is the merger of multiple buildings erected in different eras. This complex, consisting of eight buildings, could be considered the birthplace of faith in Bologna. It was constructed by the…

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Location: Piazza Santo Stefano, Via Santo Stefano, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Price: Free | Distance: 0.5km

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Visiting Seven Churches and the Basilica of Santo Stefano

Palazzo Fantuzzi

CC BY-SA 4.0 / WanderingTrad

Palazzo Fantuzzi is a remarkable palace in the Renaissance architectural style, situated in the heart of Bologna. Renowned for its intricate exterior ornamentation and exquisite interior ceilings, it stands as a testament to the grandeur of its time. The palace was meticulously designed in 1517 by the esteemed architect Andrea da Formigine. The façade, adorned with ashlar columns, was commissioned…

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Location: Palazzo Fantuzzi, Via San Vitale, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Distance: 0.6km

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Visiting Palazzo Fantuzzi

Sanctuary of San Luca

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Maretta Angelini

The Sanctuary of San Luca, situated on Colle della Guardia, has served as both a religious sanctuary and a symbol of Bologna for countless years. It is connected to the city centre by a road that stretches for four kilometres, beginning at Porta Saragozza and featuring a remarkable portico boasting over 600 archways. This extraordinary portico is recognized as the…

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Location: Sanctuary of the Madonna di San Luca, Via di San Luca, Bologna, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Hours: 7:00am-7:00pm From March to October the Sanctuary will close 30min later. Opening times can be subjected to little changes. | Price: Free | Website | Distance: 3.9km

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Visiting Sanctuary of San Luca

A day trip from Bologna offers the perfect opportunity to escape the urban rhythm and discover the surrounding region's charm. Whether you're drawn to scenic countryside, historic villages, or cultural landmarks, the area around Bologna provides a variety of easy-to-reach destinations ideal for a one-day itinerary. If you are looking to rent a car in Italy I recommend having a look at Discover Cars, first, as they compare prices and review multiple car rental agencies for you.

Modena

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Albypino

Nestled in the heart of the Emilia-Romagna region in northern Italy, Modena is renowned for its delectable cuisine, a reputation rooted in its barrel-aged balsamic vinegar and exquisite cheeses. Culinary enthusiasts journey to this medieval city to savor tastes that embody the region's unique flavors. Yet, the city's allure goes beyond its gastronomic delights. Its center, a captivating blend of…

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Visiting Modena

Rocchetta Mattei

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Gianni Careddu

Situated slightly north of Riola in the municipality of Grizzana Morandi, the Rocchetta Mattei stands as one of the most captivating and distinctive structures in the vicinity of Bologna. The construction of this extraordinary building commenced in 1850 under the direction of Count Cesare Mattei, a prominent figure in Bologna. Disillusioned by political and personal setbacks, the count withdrew from…

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Location: Rocchetta Mattei, Metropolitan City of Bologna, Italy | Price: Adults: € 10, Children € 5 | Website | Distance: 37.6km

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Visiting Rocchetta Mattei

Ferrara

Ferrara is a city located in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy, situated near the eastern Adriatic coast and positioned at the top of Italy's boot-shaped peninsula. This charming city is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site. For a period of three centuries, Ferrara was under the rule of the Este family, whose Renaissance court was renowned as one of…

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Visiting Ferrara

Ravenna

Situated on the eastern coast of Italy, nestled between San Marino and Bologna, Ravenna serves as the capital of the Ravenna province and stands as one of the larger cities in the Emilia-Romagna region. Throughout its illustrious history, Ravenna has held a position of great importance under various empires, including serving as the capital of the Western Roman Empire and…

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Visiting Ravenna

Florence

Florence, one of Italy's most renowned cities, is a must-visit destination on the tourist circuit. Its breath-taking Renaissance architecture, charming streets, and picturesque buildings make it a captivating spot for travellers. Art lovers will find themselves in paradise with an abundance of galleries to explore, offering a diverse range of masterpieces. The city's magnificent Renaissance churches also provide a fascinating glimpse…

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Visiting Florence

Parma

Parma's early history as a Roman colony along the Via Aemilia has left little visible trace in the city today. The province of Parma, in Emilia-Romagna is known for its grand palaces, elegant squares, and its role as the seat of the powerful Farnese dukes. The city also bears a French legacy due to its ownership by Napoleon's wife, Marie…

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Visiting Parma

Lucca

www.arne-mueseler.com CC BY-SA3 .0 / Arne Müseler

Lucca, considered one of Europe's most delightful towns, captivates visitors with its walled centre, ranking it among Tuscany's top attractions. The town boasts magnificent churches, many featuring the distinctive striped facades characteristic of Tuscan architecture, and they house a trove of precious art treasures. While strolling through its narrow streets and spacious piazzas, you can relish the serene ambiance and…

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Visiting Lucca

San Marino

San Marino's origins are rooted in the captivating legend of Saint Marinus, who established the community and republic in AD 301 after seeking refuge on Mount Titano. The sovereignty of San Marino was confirmed after Italian Unification, possibly in recognition of their assistance to Garibaldi, a prominent leader in the Risorgimento movement. With the exception of Vatican City, San Marino…

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Visiting San Marino

Verona

Verona stands out in the Veneto region, rivalling even Venice in its abundance of Roman sites and picturesque streets adorned with pink-hued medieval buildings. This laid-back city offers a wealth of attractions, surpassing other places in the region in terms of sheer sights. While the city's allure extends beyond tourism, drawing strength from its economic success as a pivotal crossroads.…

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Visiting Verona

Rimini

Located in the Emilia-Romagna region, Rimini boasts a rich history dating back to its Roman foundation in 268 BC. This coastal gem spans over 15 kilometers of pristine beaches, rendering it a favoured destination for seaside enthusiasts. Notably, the renowned filmmaker Federico Fellini hailed from this city, which is celebrated for its lively nightlife and historic landmarks, including the iconic…

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Visiting Rimini

Padova

Padova or in English Padua is a city in North Eastern Italy, and the capital of the province of the same name. It is located centrally in the Veneto region, between Venice on one side and Verona on the other. Famous as the backdrop for Shakespeare's "The Taming of the Shrew," Padua is particularly distinguished for its 14th-century Scrovegni Chapel…

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Visiting Padova