Jade Emperor Pagoda (Chùa Ngọc Hoàng)

Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)

Jade Emperor Pagoda
CC BY-SA 1.0 / Gary Todd

Nestled in the heart of Ho Chi Minh City, the Jade Emperor Pagoda (Chùa Ngọc Hoàng) is a stunning example of Vietnamese religious architecture, blending both spiritual reverence and intricate artistry. Built in 1909, this historic pagoda is dedicated to the Jade Emperor, the supreme deity in Taoism, and serves as a place of worship for both Buddhists and Taoists. Its distinctive design, featuring ornate carvings, vibrant colors, and a series of intricate statues, immediately captures the eye, inviting visitors to explore its peaceful sanctuary.

History of the Jade Emperor Pagoda

The Jade Emperor Pagoda was built in the early 20th century by Luu Minh, a Chinese man who immigrated to Vietnam to live and do business. A devout follower of Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, he constructed the pagoda as a place to worship both Buddha and the Jade Emperor, the supreme deity in Taoist belief. In 1982, the pagoda came under the management of Buddhist monk Thich Vinh Khuong, and it has since become affiliated with the Vietnam Buddhist Association. Though the pagoda was officially renamed Phuoc Hai Tu in 1984, it is still commonly referred to as the “Jade Emperor Pagoda” because the central chamber is dedicated to the worship of the Jade Emperor.

The pagoda has undergone several restorations over the years, including in 1943, 1958, 1985, and 1986. In 1994, it was officially recognized as an architectural and artistic site of national significance. The Jade Emperor Pagoda also gained international recognition in 2016 when it was visited by U.S. President Barack Obama during his diplomatic visit to Vietnam.

The Legend of the Jade Emperor Pagoda

According to Vietnamese folk beliefs, the Jade Emperor is the supreme deity who governs all of heaven and earth, with the power to determine the fate of humans. Alongside him, a host of other deities assist in managing the world. The Jade Emperor Pagoda is especially known for its association with fertility, and many couples who are unable to have children come here to pray for offspring. The goddess Kim Hoa Thanh Mau, a fertility deity, is worshipped at the pagoda, and her shrine, along with those of 12 midwives, is a popular spot for those seeking to conceive.

Visitors who wish to pray for children are given a red thread to tie around their wrist. If they desire a son, they hang the thread on a statue of the Jade Emperor on the right, and for a daughter, they place it on the left. They then perform a ritual of rubbing their own stomach, as well as that of a statue representing children, in hopes that their wish will be granted. The pagoda also attracts those seeking blessings in love and other aspects of life, with devotees praying at the statues of the matchmaker and other deities for good fortune in relationships, health, and career.

Highlights of the Jade Emperor Pagoda

Traditions of the Jade Emperor Pagoda

In the past, the 9th of January according to the lunar calendar was observed as the birthday of the Jade Emperor. On this day, worshippers would prepare elaborate offerings in honor of the deity, praying for health, happiness, and prosperity. Today, people still follow this tradition, visiting the pagoda on special occasions like the Lunar New Year, Buddha’s birthday, and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as on the first and fifteenth days of each month.

Structure of the Jade Emperor Pagoda

The Jade Emperor Pagoda spans an area of 2,300 square meters, offering ample space for visitors to explore. It is designed in the traditional Chinese religious architectural style, with intricate decorations and vibrant colors. The roof is adorned with colorful Yin-Yang tiles, and statues are placed on the roof and gables, adding to the aesthetic beauty of the building.

In front of the pagoda, a small temple houses a guardian statue, and the three-door gate is designed with flowing lines that resemble waves. In the courtyard, there are a fish tank and a turtle tank, where visitors often release animals as an offering for a peaceful life.

Inside the Jade Emperor Pagoda

Inside, the pagoda is filled with a wealth of statues, paintings, and altars made from various materials such as wood, ceramic, and even cardboard. The pagoda houses approximately 300 statues, including many made of paper, depicting various deities and figures from Chinese and Vietnamese mythology. The pagoda consists of three main halls: the front hall, mid-hall, and main hall. The front hall is home to a statue of Buddha, and many visitors stop here to pray and burn incense.

In the main hall, you’ll find two wooden statues of general gods known for taming tigers and dragons. This hall is dedicated to the Jade Emperor, drawing many devotees who pray for blessings in health and fortune. The altar dedicated to Kim Hoa Thanh Mau and the 12 midwives is one of the most popular areas in the pagoda, especially for those praying for children. On the right side of the main hall, there is a statue of Quan Am, a goddess revered for her compassion.

Best Time to Visit the Jade Emperor Pagoda

Given its popularity among both locals and tourists, it’s best to visit the Jade Emperor Pagoda early in the morning to avoid the crowds and fully appreciate the tranquil atmosphere. This also allows you to experience the pagoda in its most serene state, before the bustle of visitors fills the space.

How to Get to Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City

The Jade Emperor Pagoda is centrally located in Ho Chi Minh City, making it easily accessible by various forms of transport. Depending on your preferences, you can travel by motorbike, taxi, bus, or even walk. Each method offers a unique experience of the city, whether you’re navigating its lively streets or taking in the sights on foot.

With over a century of history, the Jade Emperor Pagoda remains a significant and beautiful site in Ho Chi Minh City. Its architecture is a blend of Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, reflecting the harmonious coexistence of these three major religions in the region. The pagoda’s unique beauty, combined with its sacred legend, makes it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Saigon.

Visiting Guidelines & Tips for Jade Emperor Pagoda in Ho Chi Minh City

  • Dress Code: As the Jade Emperor Pagoda is a functioning temple, it is essential to dress respectfully. Please ensure your shoulders and knees are covered when entering the pagoda.
  • Best Time to Visit: The pagoda attracts a large number of visitors daily, so it’s best to arrive early in the morning to avoid the crowds and experience the peaceful, tranquil atmosphere.
  • Photography: While photography is usually permitted inside the pagoda, it’s considerate to avoid using flash. Additionally, it’s polite to ask for permission before taking photos of monks or individuals who are engaged in prayer.

The Jade Emperor Pagoda (Chùa Ngọc Hoàng) appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)!

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Visiting Jade Emperor Pagoda (Chùa Ngọc Hoàng)

Hours:

8:00 AM to 6:00 PM


Price:

Free (Donation)

Address: Jade Emperor Pagoda, Đường Mai Thị Lựu, Da Kao, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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