Complete Guide to Southern Vietnam (2025)

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Lê Minh Phát

From island getaways to non-stop excitement, southern Vietnam offers a mix of vibrant urban energy and serene countryside.

Begin your journey in the sensory wonderland of Ho Chi Minh City, a bustling metropolis where traditional mom-and-pop shops stand alongside modern skyscrapers. Beyond the city, the tranquil Mekong Delta awaits, with life unfolding on the water and endless stretches of farmland.

Nearby, Mui Ne attracts visitors with its relaxed beach atmosphere and reputation as Vietnam’s kite-surfing capital. Offshore, islands like Phu Quoc and Con Dao beckon with pristine coastlines and untouched natural beauty.

Cities of Southern Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)

Ho Chi Minh City, formerly known as Saigon, is a bustling metropolis that embodies the vibrant spirit of modern Vietnam. As the largest city in the country, it serves as the economic and cultural hub, attracting millions of tourists and locals alike. The city’s skyline is a striking blend of contemporary skyscrapers and historical French colonial architecture, exemplified by landmarks such as the iconic Bitexco Financial Tower and the elegant Saigon Opera House. The lively streets are filled with motorcycles, street vendors, and bustling markets, creating an exhilarating atmosphere that immerses visitors in the city’s dynamic energy.

A visit to Ho Chi Minh City is incomplete without exploring its rich history and cultural heritage. The War Remnants Museum provides a sobering insight into the impact of the Vietnam War, showcasing poignant exhibits that narrate the struggles faced by the Vietnamese people. Meanwhile, the Cu Chi Tunnels, located just outside the city, offer a fascinating glimpse into the ingenious underground network used by the Viet Cong during the conflict. Other notable attractions include the historic Reunification Palace and the stunning Notre-Dame Cathedral Basilica of Saigon, both of which reflect the city’s colonial past and resilience.

In addition to its historical significance, Ho Chi Minh City is renowned for its vibrant culinary scene. Street food stalls and bustling markets tempt visitors with an array of delicious dishes, from the famous pho and banh mi to fresh spring rolls and unique regional specialties. The Ben Thanh Market is a popular spot for both locals and tourists, offering everything from local handicrafts to mouthwatering snacks. As the sun sets, the city transforms into a lively hub of nightlife, with rooftop bars, lively night markets, and bustling restaurants where visitors can unwind and enjoy the flavors of Vietnam in an enchanting setting.

View our Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon) Guide

Vung Tau

Vũng Tàu is a coastal city in southern Vietnam, known for its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and historical landmarks. Situated about 125 kilometers southeast of Ho Chi Minh City, it serves as a popular weekend getaway for locals and tourists alike. The city boasts a stunning coastline lined with beaches like Front Beach (Bãi Trước), ideal for relaxing strolls, and Back Beach (Bãi Sau), which offers a quieter atmosphere and opportunities for water sports. Its distinctive geography, with mountains meeting the sea, creates a picturesque backdrop for exploration and leisure.

Beyond its natural beauty, Vũng Tàu is steeped in history and spirituality. The city is home to iconic landmarks such as the Christ of Vũng Tàu, a towering statue of Jesus with arms outstretched, reminiscent of Rio de Janeiro’s Christ the Redeemer. Visitors can also explore the historic Vũng Tàu Lighthouse, offering panoramic views of the city and the coastline. The local culture is enriched by Buddhist temples, like the tranquil Niết Bàn Tịnh Xá Pagoda, and a thriving seafood scene featuring freshly caught delicacies. With its blend of natural charm, history, and modern attractions, Vũng Tàu is a delightful destination for those seeking relaxation and discovery.

View our Vung Tau Guide

History of Southern Vietnam

Prehistoric Times in Southern Vietnam

Southern Vietnam has been inhabited for thousands of years, with archaeological sites revealing traces of prehistoric cultures such as the Sa Huynh and Oc Eo civilizations. These early communities engaged in agriculture, fishing, and maritime trade. Evidence from burial sites and pottery shards suggests a sophisticated level of social organization and craftwork, especially in the Mekong Delta region.

Southern Vietnam in the Funan and Chenla Periods

From the 1st to the 8th centuries, Southern Vietnam was a significant part of the Funan Kingdom, a powerful maritime state known for its trade networks connecting India, China, and Southeast Asia. The Oc Eo port system in the Mekong Delta was a major commercial and cultural hub. After Funan declined, the region became part of the Chenla Kingdom, which continued to influence local trade and religious practices.

Southern Vietnam under the Khmer Empire

From the 9th to the 13th centuries, Southern Vietnam came under the control of the Khmer Empire. The region was important for agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, and maintained its role in trade. Khmer temples and artifacts from this period can still be found, especially in areas close to the Cambodian border, reflecting the deep cultural and political influence of the Khmer civilization.

Southern Vietnam in the Champa and Dai Viet Periods

While central Vietnam was dominated by the Champa Kingdom, the southernmost regions were less centralized until Vietnamese expansion, known as the Nam Tiến (southward expansion), began in earnest in the 17th century. The Vietnamese gradually moved into the Mekong Delta, which was previously under Khmer influence, incorporating it into the expanding territory of the Dai Viet Kingdom.

Southern Vietnam in the Nguyen Dynasty

By the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Southern Vietnam was under the control of the Nguyen Lords, who ruled independently from the Trinh Lords in the north. The Nguyen Dynasty officially unified Vietnam in the early 19th century, and the south became an important agricultural and economic zone. Urban centers began to emerge, and the Mekong Delta developed into one of the most productive rice-growing areas in Asia.

Southern Vietnam in the Colonial Period

In the mid-19th century, Southern Vietnam was colonized by the French and became part of French Indochina. The region saw significant infrastructural development, including roads, railways, and plantations. Saigon emerged as a major colonial city and economic hub. French influence deeply impacted architecture, education, and governance throughout the south.

Southern Vietnam in the 20th Century

Following independence from France, Southern Vietnam became the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in 1955, with Saigon as its capital. The region was the center of political and military activity during the Vietnam War. After the fall of Saigon in 1975, the country was reunified under communist rule, and the south began a long period of reconstruction and economic reform.

Contemporary Southern Vietnam

Today, Southern Vietnam is one of the most dynamic and economically significant regions in the country. The Mekong Delta remains vital for agriculture and fisheries, while urban areas like Ho Chi Minh City are central to commerce, technology, and industry. The region continues to evolve, balancing rapid modernization with the preservation of its historical and cultural identity.

Best Time to Visit Southern Vietnam

Visiting Southern Vietnam in Spring

Spring (March to May) in Southern Vietnam is hot and increasingly humid. March offers daytime temperatures around 33°C, rising to 36°C by late April and May. Nights are warm, ranging from 25°C to 27°C. Rainfall is still limited early in the season, making March and early April good times for outdoor exploration, although heat and humidity intensify quickly toward the end of spring.

Visiting Southern Vietnam in Summer

Summer (June to August) is part of the rainy season in Southern Vietnam. Daytime highs typically stay between 31°C and 33°C, with nighttime temperatures around 24°C to 26°C. Humidity is consistently high, and afternoon or evening showers are common, often heavy but brief. The lush countryside and green rice paddies are especially scenic during this period.

Visiting Southern Vietnam in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) sees a gradual reduction in rainfall. September remains wet, but October and November begin to dry out. Daytime temperatures average between 30°C and 32°C, with nights cooling slightly to 23°C to 25°C. By November, the weather becomes more pleasant, with fewer showers and lower humidity, creating comfortable conditions for travel.

Visiting Southern Vietnam in Winter

Winter (December to February) is the driest and most comfortable season in Southern Vietnam. Daytime temperatures range from 28°C to 31°C, and nights are cooler, around 21°C to 24°C. Rainfall is minimal, skies are often clear, and humidity is lower. This is the ideal time for beach trips, cultural festivals, and travel throughout the Mekong Delta and southern coastal areas.

Annual Weather Overview

January 30°C
February 32°C
March 33°C
April 34°C
May 31°C
June 31°C
July 30°C
August 31°C
September 30°C
October 30°C
November 30°C
December 31°C

How to get to Southern Vietnam

Getting to Southern Vietnam by Air

Southern Vietnam is served by several major airports, making air travel the most efficient way to reach the region. Tan Son Nhat International Airport (SGN) is the largest and busiest, offering a wide range of domestic and international flights. It connects Southern Vietnam with major cities across Asia, Europe, and beyond. Can Tho International Airport (VCA) also handles domestic flights and limited international routes, providing access to the Mekong Delta. For island destinations, Con Dao Airport (VCS) and Phu Quoc International Airport (PQC) serve as important gateways.

Getting to Southern Vietnam by Train

Southern Vietnam is connected to the national railway network, with routes linking it to central and northern parts of the country. Trains provide a scenic and affordable option for overland travel. The journey is longer than flying but offers comfortable seating and sleeper cars, making it a popular choice for travelers who want to experience the countryside.

Getting to Southern Vietnam by Bus

Interprovincial buses run frequently between Southern Vietnam and other regions. Both standard and luxury buses are available, with services operating during the day and overnight. Bus terminals across the region provide convenient access to local and regional destinations. Buses are a cost-effective and widely used means of travel.

Getting to Southern Vietnam by Car

Traveling to Southern Vietnam by car allows flexibility for exploring both urban centers and rural areas. National highways and expressways connect the region with central and northern Vietnam. Self-driving or hiring a private vehicle is ideal for travelers planning to visit multiple provinces or explore the Mekong Delta and coastal areas at their own pace.

Festivals in Southern Vietnam

Ba Chua Xu Temple Festival
When: April or May
Where: Chau Doc
A significant folk festival in Southern Vietnam, held at Ba Chua Xu Temple on Sam Mountain. The event includes traditional ceremonies, music, and dance performances, attracting numerous pilgrims and visitors.

Whale Festival (Lễ hội Nghinh Ông)
When: September
Where: Vung Tau
A traditional festival honoring the whale deity, believed to protect fishermen and seafarers. The celebration features a procession from the sea to Thang Tam Temple, accompanied by folk games, songs, and offerings.

Ooc Om Bok Festival
When: November
Where: Mekong Delta
Also known as the Festival of Worshiping the Moon, this event is celebrated by the Khmer ethnic community. Activities include moon worship rituals, traditional boat races, and cultural performances.

Tet Nguyen Dan (Vietnamese Lunar New Year)
When: January or February
Where: Various towns in Southern Vietnam
The most important traditional festival in Vietnam, marking the arrival of spring. Celebrations involve family reunions, special foods, and various cultural activities.

Mid-Autumn Festival (Tết Trung Thu)
When: September or October
Where: Various towns in Southern Vietnam
A festival primarily for children, featuring lantern parades, lion dances, and the enjoyment of mooncakes. Streets are decorated with colorful lanterns, creating a vibrant atmosphere.