The mosaics adorning the fifth-century Mausoleum of Galla Placidia are not only the oldest in Ravenna but are also celebrated as one of the town’s artistic masterpieces. The chapel is believed to have been commissioned by Galla Placidia around AD 425, although, interestingly, it was never used as her final resting place. Among its many stunning mosaic elements, the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia boasts a night sky that is often hailed as one of the most beautiful examples of celestial artistry from antiquity. This small chapel stands as a testament to the rich historical and artistic heritage of Ravenna.

The above image is the “The good Shepherd” mosaic in mausoleum of Galla Placidia.

The sixth-century San Vitale in Ravenna is undeniably breath-taking. Its architecture and mosaics bear prominent oriental influences, setting it apart from other churches in the region. The mosaics within San Vitale are widely regarded as the largest and most significant examples of Byzantine art outside of Istanbul. This church stands as a testament to the rich blend of artistic and cultural influences that define Ravenna’s unique historical legacy.

The above image is from the Apse mosaic in basilica of San Vitale. Built 547. A.D. On mosaic from left side: St. Vitalis, archangel, Jesus Christ, second archangel and Bishop of Ravenna Ecclesius.

The sixth-century Sant’Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna served as the palatine or court church of Theodoric, and its mosaics are among the standout attractions of a visit to Ravenna. While some mosaics in the church were either destroyed or modified to conceal those that overtly reflected Arian beliefs or praised Theodoric, there are still extensive mosaics that run the entire length of the lateral walls of the nave. These mosaics are a testament to the rich history and cultural significance of Ravenna.

The above image is the Mosaic of the holy martyrs from Sant’Apollinare Nuovo.

The sixth-century Arian Baptistery in Ravenna is an octagonal structure, and its mosaics and iconography bear a striking resemblance to those found in the older and larger Neonian Baptistery. This baptistery was constructed in accordance with the orders of King Theodoric, who ruled the Ostrogothic Kingdom. It was built with the intention of providing Arian Christians with a separate baptistery, distinct from those who followed the orthodox Christian doctrine.

The above image depicts the Baptism of Jesus and is from the Baptistery of the Arians in Ravenna.

The Orthodox Baptistery, also known as the Neonian Baptistery, is a fifth-century structure and holds the distinction of being the oldest among Ravenna’s many octagonal baptisteries and religious buildings. While its mosaics underwent extensive restoration during the nineteenth century, they remain a captivating sight well worth exploring.

Adjacent to the Baptistery is the cathedral, which replaced the fifth-century basilica that was tragically destroyed in 1734. Though it is a sizable structure, the cathedral is considered to have limited artistic significance and may not be one of the most prominent attractions in Ravenna.

The above ceiling mosaic depicts the baptism of Jesus by Saint John the Baptist, Baptistery of Neon, Ravenna.

The Archbishop’s Chapel, also referred to as the Oratory of St. Andreas, is a small yet historically significant structure dating back to the early sixth century. Located within the Archiepiscopal Museum, it is one of Ravenna’s UNESCO-listed treasures. This chapel is particularly noteworthy as it holds the distinction of being the oldest surviving private Christian oratory. Its design takes the form of a Greek cross, and its vaults are adorned with intricate mosaics, showcasing the rich history of early Christian art and architecture.

The above mosaic depicts Christ as a Warrior and is from the Archbishop’s Chapel in Ravenna.

The Mausoleum of Theodoric, which serves as the tomb for the Ostrogoth king who passed away in 526, is located slightly to the northeast of the old town and is situated across the railway line. This remarkable structure stands out as truly unique, devoid of style elements directly associated with either Roman or Greek architectural traditions.

The mausoleum consists of two levels, but perhaps its most awe-inspiring feature is the single, massive round stone that serves as its roof. To this day, the methods used to transport this stone from Istria and position it atop the tomb remain a mystery. The Mausoleum of Theodoric is the sole surviving tomb of a “barbarian king” from the Late Antiquity period, making it an intriguing historical and architectural relic.

The Basilica of Sant’Apollinare in Classe stands as the largest Late Antiquity church in Ravenna. Located approximately 8 kilometers outside the city center in Classe, this area once served as the second-largest naval base of the Roman Empire.

This brick church has preserved its original appearance since its consecration in AD 549. Its interior boasts stunning decorations, including mosaics and frescoes. Interestingly, a small mosaic within this basilica is believed to be one of the earliest depictions of Satan in Western art, adding to its historical significance.