Fort St. Elmo & National War Museum, Valletta

Historic Building and Museum in Valletta

Public Domain / Szilas

Standing proudly at the tip of the Valletta peninsula, Fort St. Elmo is one of Malta's most striking landmarks and one of the best places to see in Valletta. Its imposing star-shaped design guards both the Marsamxett and Grand Harbours, symbolizing centuries of courage and defense. Built in 1552 by the Knights of St. John in an astonishing four months, the fort became the stage for one of Malta's most legendary battles — the Great Siege of 1565. Here, the Knights made their last stand against the Ottoman Turks, and though many perished, their sacrifice rallied the island's defenders to ultimate victory.

Today, Fort St. Elmo is both a monument and a museum — a living testament to Malta's military heritage and enduring resilience. Its restoration has transformed it into one of the Top attractions in Valletta, offering an immersive journey through centuries of warfare, faith, and heroism. Visitors can explore stone bastions overlooking the sea, wander through museum galleries, and stand in the same courtyards where history was written.

History and Significance
Things to See and Do
Practical Tips
How to Get to Fort St. Elmo
Is Fort St. Elmo Worth Visiting?
Nearby Attractions

History and Significance

Fort St. Elmo was constructed by the Knights of St. John in 1552 to defend Malta's twin harbors, the most strategic maritime gateways in the Mediterranean. During the Great Siege of 1565, it became the focal point of Malta's defense. Despite being under relentless bombardment, the Knights held the fort for over a month, delaying the Ottoman advance long enough for reinforcements to arrive. Their bravery turned the tide of the siege and changed the course of European history.

Over the centuries, Fort St. Elmo continued to play a critical role in Malta's defense — from the Napoleonic Wars to World War II, when it suffered heavy bomb damage. In recent decades, meticulous restoration has brought the fortress back to its former glory. Since 2015, it has housed the National War Museum, preserving artifacts that tell Malta's long story of resilience.

Things to See and Do

The National War Museum is the centerpiece of a visit to Fort St. Elmo. Inside, exhibits trace Malta's military history from the Bronze Age through the Knights' period and into the 20th century. One of its most poignant artifacts is the George Cross, awarded to the people of Malta in 1942 by King George VI for exceptional bravery during World War II. Visitors can also see “Faith,” the famous Gloster Gladiator biplane that defended the island during the war, along with weapons, uniforms, and personal diaries from soldiers and civilians alike.

Beyond the museum, explore the ramparts and bastions for panoramic views over the Grand Harbour and the Three Cities — perfect for photography or quiet reflection. Don’t miss the small Chapel of St. Anne, where the Knights made their final stand in 1565. Standing here, surrounded by the fort’s stone walls, you can still feel the weight of history and the spirit of defiance that shaped Malta’s identity.

Practical Tips

Best time to visit: Morning or late afternoon for cooler temperatures and fewer crowds
Entrance fee in Euros: Around €10 for adults
Opening hours: Daily 9 am–5 pm (last admission 4:30 pm)
Official website: heritagemalta.mt
How long to spend: 2–3 hours
Accessibility: Some uneven paths and stairs; partial wheelchair access
Facilities: Restrooms, small shop, guided tours
Photography tip: Capture sunrise or sunset light on the limestone walls for the best photos
Guided tours: Offered by Heritage Malta and included in ticket price
Nearby food options: Cafés and restaurants along the Valletta Waterfront and in the nearby Battery Street area

How to Get to Fort St. Elmo

Fort St. Elmo sits at the eastern tip of Valletta, a pleasant 15-minute walk from City Gate through Republic Street — the city's main thoroughfare. Along the way, you'll pass landmarks such as St. John's Co-Cathedral and the Grandmaster's Palace. Alternatively, take the hop-on-hop-off sightseeing bus or a local taxi from anywhere in Valletta. Visitors arriving by ferry from Sliema can easily walk up from the terminal along the waterfront.

Is Fort St. Elmo Worth Visiting?

Without question. Fort St. Elmo is one of the Must-see places in Valletta — a rare blend of architectural might, human courage, and panoramic beauty. Its commanding position, immersive exhibits, and emotional storytelling make it a great place to understand Malta's history and identity. Whether you're a history lover, a photographer, or simply curious about Malta's spirit of resilience, this is a site not to be missed.

Nearby Attractions

Upper Barrakka Gardens – Panoramic harbor views and the daily noon cannon salute.
Lascaris War Rooms – Explore the underground Allied command center from World War II.
Casa Rocca Piccola – A noble family's 16th-century home with wartime shelters below.
St. John's Co-Cathedral – Baroque splendor and Caravaggio masterpieces.
Valletta Waterfront – A lively harbor promenade perfect for relaxing after your visit.

The Fort St. Elmo & National War Museum appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Valletta!

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