Albanopolis (Zgërdhesh)

Ruins in Kruja

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Pasztilla aka Attila Terbócs

Albanopolis, potentially identified with the archaeological site of Zgërdhesh, offers a fascinating glimpse into the ancient Illyrian civilization that once thrived in what is now central Albania. Located near the modern town of Kruja, in the village of Halilaj, Zgërdhesh sits atop a strategic hilltop—a typical feature of Illyrian urban planning. Founded in the 7th or 6th century BC, the settlement flourished for nearly 300 years before its abandonment in the 2nd century BC. Its fortified walls stretched across a 1,400-meter perimeter, enclosing a complex urban layout where the acropolis occupied roughly a third of the interior space, serving as the political and religious heart of the city.

Despite its impressive scale and strategic location, Zgërdhesh remains shrouded in mystery. Ancient sources do not mention it directly, leaving scholars to piece together its identity through archaeological evidence and historical inference. One compelling theory suggests that Zgërdhesh is the site of ancient Albanopolis, the capital of the Illyrian tribe known as the Albans. This tribe is believed to be the namesake of modern Albania. The Roman author Pliny the Elder referred to a place called Arbanon, which some researchers equate with Albanopolis, adding weight to the hypothesis that Zgërdhesh may indeed be this lost city.

The ruins of Zgërdhesh reveal a sophisticated settlement with urban planning, defensive architecture, and cultural significance. Excavations have uncovered remnants of dwellings, fortifications, and public spaces that hint at a vibrant community engaged in trade, governance, and religious practices. The site’s elevated position would have offered both protection and a commanding view of the surrounding landscape, reinforcing its role as a regional center. Its eventual abandonment in the 2nd century BC may have been due to shifting political dynamics, Roman expansion, or internal decline—factors that remain speculative but intriguing.

Today, Zgërdhesh stands as a quiet yet powerful reminder of Albania’s ancient roots. Though not as widely visited as other historical landmarks, it holds immense value for archaeologists, historians, and those interested in the origins of Albanian identity. The possibility that it was once Albanopolis—the cradle of the Albans—imbues the site with national significance. As research continues and awareness grows, Zgërdhesh may yet reveal more secrets of the Illyrian world and deepen our understanding of the cultural foundations of Albania.

The Albanopolis (Zgërdhesh) appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Kruja!

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