Complete Guide to West Ireland (2025)

County Galway, a gem along Ireland’s western seaboard, offers diverse attractions, from the rugged Connemara Peninsula to the vibrant Galway City. In Connemara, activities abound with options like hiking the heather-laden hills, exploring the peaks of Connemara National Park, or fly-fishing for salmon and trout in the abundant lakes and rivers. Horseback riding along secluded sandy beaches offers a unique perspective of the dramatic coastline.

Galway City, beloved for its village-like ambiance combined with a dynamic food scene, lively nightlife, and bustling shopping districts, represents a meeting point of Ireland’s youthful spirit and rich traditions. In this colorful harbor town, the sounds of guitars and the songs of street performers fill the cobbled streets, while pubs brim with locals dancing to traditional music on the weekends.

If Ireland’s captivating coastal scenery leaves you wanting more, a brief 40-minute ferry ride from Galway City will transport you to the Aran Islands. These islands embody a wild, mystical, and untouched charm, renowned for their dramatic 300-foot cliffs and ancient archaeological sites like the UNESCO World Heritage site, Dún Aonghasa. Here, time seems to stand still, with locals continuing to speak Irish amidst ancient churches, and modernity barely making an imprint. It’s an ideal escape for a romantic weekend in a quaint B&B, far removed from the hustle and bustle of everyday life.

Cities of West Ireland

Galway

Galway, situated on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay, was once part of the old Kingdom of Connacht. The city originated from a settlement around a fortification established by the King of Connacht in 1124.

Today, Galway offers a wealth of attractions and activities. Shop Street features Lynch’s Castle, a 16th-century medieval residence of the Lynch family, now housing Allied Irish Banks. Saint Nicholas Collegiate Church, founded in 1320, remains in service. The Galway Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady Assumed into Heaven, built in 1965, boasts a Renaissance Revival dome and a Romanesque Revival portico. The Claddagh, Galway’s oldest district, and the Galway City Museum, which showcases the city’s heritage and 20th-century Irish art, are also notable sites.

Galway is renowned for its festivals, including the Galway Film and Galway Arts Festival in July, the Galway Races in August, and the Oyster Festival in September. The city also hosts festivals celebrating music, science, Halloween, angling, and the Galway Christmas Market. While the memory of the 14 families and the famine lingers, they are now part of Galway’s rich history rather than its present.

View our Galway Guide

History of West Ireland

Prehistoric Times in West Ireland

The West of Ireland has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with early settlers arriving during the Mesolithic period around 8,000 BCE. Archaeological evidence, including stone tools and ancient dwellings, suggests that these early inhabitants relied on hunting, fishing, and gathering. The Neolithic period saw the rise of farming communities, as evidenced by megalithic structures such as Poulnabrone Dolmen and Creevykeel Court Tomb. These monuments highlight the spiritual and cultural practices of early Irish people.

West Ireland in the Celtic and Early Christian Periods

By the Iron Age, Celtic tribes had settled in the region, introducing the Gaelic language and a rich tradition of myth, art, and craftsmanship. The arrival of Christianity in the 5th century brought major changes, with missionary work led by figures such as Saint Brendan and Saint Columba. Monastic settlements flourished in the West, including Clonfert Abbey and Inishbofin. These centers of learning became influential in the spread of Christianity and Irish culture throughout Europe during the early medieval period.

West Ireland in the Viking and Norman Eras

The Vikings began their raids along the West Irish coast in the 8th century, establishing settlements in places like Galway and Limerick. These Norse settlers engaged in trade and cultural exchange, leaving a lasting impact on local art and architecture. In the 12th century, the Normans arrived, bringing feudal systems, castle construction, and the spread of Christianity. This period also saw the growth of towns like Galway, which became important trade hubs.

West Ireland in the Gaelic Revival and Tudor Periods

During the late medieval period, the West of Ireland remained strongly influenced by the Gaelic lords, especially the O’Flahertys and O’Malleys, who controlled large parts of the region. However, in the 16th century, the Tudor conquest of Ireland led to a breakdown of Gaelic authority. The region was affected by the wider tensions of the period, particularly the suppression of the Gaelic lords and the English Crown’s increasing control.

West Ireland in the 17th and 18th Centuries

The 17th century was marked by major upheaval in West Ireland. Following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in the 1650s, much of the local population faced dispossession and displacement. The 18th century brought economic changes, with increased land ownership by English Protestants and the rise of the linen industry. However, religious tensions between the Catholic majority and Protestant settlers led to the emergence of a deep sectarian divide, particularly in the aftermath of the Williamite Wars.

West Ireland in the 19th Century

The 19th century was a time of significant hardship and transformation. The Great Famine (1845-1852) devastated the West of Ireland, particularly County Clare, Galway, and Mayo, where starvation and disease led to a massive loss of life and emigration. Following the famine, many people left the region for America, creating a lasting diaspora. This period also saw the development of infrastructure, including railroads and roads, that facilitated greater movement within the region.

West Ireland in the 20th Century

The 20th century saw major political and social changes in the West. The partition of Ireland in 1921 left the West in the newly formed Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). Economic development was slow, and the region remained largely rural, though tourism started to become important by mid-century. The Irish War of Independence and subsequent Civil War impacted the West, but the region maintained its cultural and linguistic ties to Irish heritage, with the Irish language still widely spoken in areas such as Connemara and the Aran Islands.

Contemporary West Ireland

Today, the West of Ireland is a vibrant region that balances rich cultural traditions with modern economic development. Tourism plays a significant role in the region’s economy, with visitors drawn to its scenic landscapes, historic towns, and cultural landmarks. Galway is a bustling cultural hub, while the surrounding countryside and coastal areas, such as the Cliffs of Moher and The Burren, attract nature lovers, hikers, and history enthusiasts. The region continues to be an important center for Irish language preservation and cultural festivals.

Best Time to Visit West Ireland

Visiting West Ireland in Spring

Spring (March to May) in West Ireland is mild and refreshing. Daytime temperatures in March range from 9°C to 12°C, and by May, they rise to around 14°C to 17°C. Nights are cool, averaging between 3°C to 7°C. Rain is common in early spring, but by May, the weather becomes more pleasant, with blooming flowers and lush landscapes. It’s an excellent time to explore the scenic countryside, coastal areas, and small towns.

Visiting West Ireland in Summer

Summer (June to August) is the warmest and sunniest season in West Ireland. Daytime temperatures typically range from 16°C to 20°C, with occasional peaks of 22°C during warmer days. Nights remain cool at 10°C to 14°C. There are long daylight hours, perfect for outdoor activities like hiking, cycling, and exploring the towns along the Wild Atlantic Way. Although rain is still possible, summer offers the best weather for festivals and enjoying the natural beauty of the region.

Visiting West Ireland in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) sees temperatures gradually decrease. September’s daytime temperatures are around 15°C to 18°C, dropping to 7°C to 9°C by November. Nights can cool to 4°C to 6°C. The landscape is rich with autumnal colours, especially in the Burren and Connemara. Rainfall increases slightly in October and November, but the weather remains suitable for outdoor activities like walking and exploring cultural sites. Autumn is also a great time for photography and enjoying quieter, less crowded attractions.

Visiting West Ireland in Winter

Winter (December to February) is the coldest time to visit West Ireland. Daytime temperatures generally range from 5°C to 8°C, and nighttime lows can dip to around 1°C to 3°C. Snow is rare but can occur in the upland areas such as the Mourne Mountains. The region experiences shorter days, overcast skies, and higher rainfall, particularly along the coast. However, the winter months offer a peaceful, serene atmosphere and the chance to experience the region’s holiday festivals and indoor cultural events.

Annual Weather Overview

January 6°C
February 7°C
March 8°C
April 10°C
May 12°C
June 16°C
July 17°C
August 14°C
September 14°C
October 10°C
November 8°C
December 7°C

How to get to West Ireland

Getting to West Ireland by Air

West Ireland is served by a few regional airports that connect the region with both domestic and international destinations. Shannon Airport (SNN) is the largest and most popular international gateway, located in County Clare. It offers flights from various European cities and North America, providing access to towns such as Limerick, Ennis, and Galway. For more regional access, Ireland West Airport Knock (NOC) serves Mayo, Sligo, and Roscommon, with domestic flights to and from Dublin and London. Donegal Airport (CFN), located in the northwest, connects Dublin and Scotland, making it convenient for travelers heading to Donegal and Derry.

Getting to West Ireland by Train

While there are no direct international train services into West Ireland, the Irish Rail network connects major towns in the region, including Galway, Limerick, and Tralee, to the rest of the country. From Dublin, travelers can take a train to Galway (about 2.5 hours), Limerick (2 hours), or Tralee (4 hours). These train services provide comfortable travel with scenic views along the way, especially the coastal routes near Galway Bay.

Getting to West Ireland by Bus

Buses are a popular and affordable way to travel to and within West Ireland. Bus Éireann operates extensive services connecting Dublin, Limerick, Galway, and Cork with smaller towns in the West, such as Clifden, Kilrush, and Killarney. Direct services to Limerick and Galway run frequently, with longer routes serving towns like Tralee and Ennis. Buses are a great way to reach more rural areas or destinations that are harder to access by train.

Getting to West Ireland by Car

Driving is one of the best ways to explore West Ireland at your own pace. National Route 18 connects Shannon Airport to Limerick, Ennis, and beyond. The N59 runs along the coast, connecting towns like Galway, Clifden, and Westport. If you’re planning to visit the Burren in County Clare or the Cliffs of Moher, driving offers flexibility and the ability to stop at smaller villages along the way. Car rentals are widely available at Shannon Airport, Ireland West Airport Knock, and Dublin, making it easy to explore at your convenience.

Festivals in West Ireland

Galway International Arts Festival
When: July
Where: Galway City
A leading cultural event transforming Galway into a vibrant hub of theatre, music, visual arts, and street performances.
More info: https://www.giaf.ie/

Galway International Oyster & Seafood Festival
When: September
Where: Galway
Celebrates Galway’s rich seafood heritage with oyster-opening championships, seafood tastings, live music, and street parades.
More info: https://galwayoysterandseafoodfestival.com/

Fleadh Nua
When: May
Where: Ennis, County Clare
A traditional Irish music festival featuring concerts, céilís, and sessions, celebrating the rich musical heritage of the region.
More info: https://fleadhnua.com/

Puck Fair
When: August
Where: Killorglin, County Kerry
One of Ireland’s oldest street festivals, featuring the crowning of King Puck, street entertainment, and traditional events.
More info: https://puckfair.ie/

Westport Arts Festival (Westival)
When: October
Where: Westport, County Mayo
A celebration of arts and culture with music, theatre, visual arts, and workshops, attracting artists and visitors from around the world.
More info: https://westival.ie/

Dingle Food Festival
When: October
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A festival showcasing local food producers with tastings, cooking demonstrations, and food-related events in a picturesque setting.
More info: https://dinglefood.com/

Ballinasloe Horse Fair
When: October
Where: Ballinasloe, County Galway
One of Europe’s oldest horse fairs, featuring a large market, events, fireworks, and a fun fair, attracting up to 80,000 visitors.
More info: https://ballinasloe.ie/

Dingle International Film Festival
When: March
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
An annual film festival showcasing independent films, documentaries, and shorts, along with panel discussions and workshops.
More info: https://dinglefilmfest.com/

Féile na Bealtaine
When: May
Where: Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry
A community arts festival celebrating local culture with music, art, and traditional events.
More info: https://dingle-peninsula.ie/

Dingle Regatta
When: August
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A traditional maritime festival featuring boat races, seafood, music, and family-friendly activities along the harbor.
More info: https://dinglepeninsula.ie/

Dingle Marathon
When: September
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A marathon event offering scenic routes through the rugged landscapes of the Dingle Peninsula, attracting runners from around the world.
More info: https://dinglemarathon.ie/

Westport Folk and Bluegrass Festival
When: June
Where: Westport, County Mayo
A festival dedicated to folk and bluegrass music, featuring performances, workshops, and jam sessions in a friendly atmosphere.
More info: https://westportfolkandbluegrass.com/

Clifden Arts Festival
When: September
Where: Clifden, County Galway
A celebration of visual arts, music, theatre, and literature, highlighting the creative talents of the community.
More info: https://clifdenartsfestival.ie/

Galway Early Music Festival
When: May
Where: Galway
A festival dedicated to early music, featuring concerts, workshops, and masterclasses with renowned musicians.
More info: https://galwayearlymusic.com/

Cúirt International Festival of Literature
When: April
Where: Galway
An annual literary festival bringing together writers and readers for readings, discussions, and workshops.
More info: https://cuirt.ie/

Baboró International Children’s Festival
When: October
Where: Galway
A festival offering a diverse range of performances and activities for children and families.
More info: https://baboro.ie/

Tulca Festival of Visual Arts
When: November
Where: Galway
An annual visual arts festival presenting exhibitions, events, and installations across the city.
More info: https://www.tulcafestival.ie/

Galway Science and Technology Festival
When: November
Where: Galway
A festival promoting science and technology through interactive exhibitions, workshops, and talks.
More info: https://www.galwayscience.ie/

Galway Christmas Market
When: November-December
Where: Galway
A festive market offering crafts, food, and entertainment in a traditional Christmas setting.
More info: https://www.galwaychristmasmarket.ie/

Galway International Arts Festival
When: July
Where: Galway
A leading cultural event transforming Galway into a vibrant hub of theatre, music, visual arts, and street performances.
More info: https://www.giaf.ie/