Complete Guide to South East Ireland (2025)

The sunny southeast of Ireland comprises Carlow, Kilkenny, Tipperary, Waterford, and Wexford, each offering unique highlights. Waterford, Ireland’s oldest city founded in 915 by Vikings, is renowned for Waterford Crystal. Wexford boasts seaside resorts and an Opera festival, while Carlow showcases Celtic relics. Kilkenny, a medieval city, features the well-preserved Kilkenny Castle amidst the Golden Vale landscape of Tipperary, home to the Rock of Cashel.

Visitors flock to the southeast for its picturesque views of green countryside dotted with rural farms, leading to a coastline of long, sandy beaches and dramatic cliffs comparable to those in the southwest. Kilkenny, steeped in medieval heritage, is anchored by the imposing Kilkenny Castle, built in 1195 along the River Nore.

Venturing south to Waterford and Wexford, travelers encounter the Viking-founded city of Waterford, part of the Viking Triangle along with Wexford and Kilkenny, reflecting their Nordic heritage. This region is a paradise for castle enthusiasts and beach lovers alike, offering a blend of ancient history and stunning coastal scenery.

Cities of South East Ireland

Kilkenny

History seeps from every corner of lovely Kilkenny. Located about an hour and a half from busy Dublin, this serene town lies on the banks of the River Nore in southeast Ireland. Kilkenny’s array of tourist attractions makes it a worthwhile visit any time of year, particularly in the summer.

Kilkenny’s narrow, winding streets create an atmosphere of old-world charm, while its handsome Georgian houses and romantic terraces add an air of elegance. Despite its antique charm, Kilkenny remains a bustling modern town, filled with unique shops and excellent restaurants. It also serves as the market center for a fertile agricultural region.

One of the most popular activities in Kilkenny is walking along the Medieval Mile, a scenic discovery trail that links many of the city’s top sights via charismatic narrow, winding roads. Purchasing a pass provides money-saving entry to various locations along the route.

View our Kilkenny Guide

Waterford

Located in the southeast corner of Ireland, the port of Waterford is an excellent travel destination for those eager to delve into Ireland’s rich history and culture. Just a two-hour drive from Dublin, this picturesque city is perfect for a day trip from the Irish capital.

For those with more time, spending a few days in Waterford is highly recommended. The city offers a wonderful opportunity to experience traditional Irish life, complete with a wide variety of excellent accommodation options.

Founded by the Vikings in AD 914, Waterford is Ireland’s oldest city and boasts a wealth of interesting activities. Chief among these is exploring the Waterford Treasures, a group of three exceptional museums—the Medieval Museum, Reginald’s Tower, and the Bishop’s Palace. Located in the “Viking Triangle,” these museums provide fascinating insights into the city’s long history.

Waterford is also renowned worldwide for its exquisite handmade crystal. Tours of the Waterford Crystal factory are a must-do activity. Additionally, visitors should explore the many historic sites preserved in the city, particularly the old town walls and the six surviving towers. Originally there were 17 towers, with the best-preserved examples being Reginald’s Tower, home to the Viking Museum, and the Beach Tower.

Situated on the River Suir, midway between Dublin and Cork, Waterford is easily accessible from all over Ireland. The city is also well-connected to Britain and Europe via a reliable ferry service, making it one of Ireland’s top travel destinations.

View our Waterford Guide

History of South East Ireland

Prehistoric Times in South East Ireland

The South East of Ireland has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of early human settlements dating back to the Mesolithic period. Archaeological finds, such as tools and flint, suggest that the region was used for hunting and gathering. During the Neolithic period, farming communities began to settle, as evidenced by megalithic structures like the Ballynamuddagh Passage Tomb and Court Tombs in counties like Kilkenny and Wexford. These monuments reflect the early spiritual and ceremonial practices of the region’s first settlers.

South East Ireland in the Celtic and Early Christian Periods

By the 4th and 5th centuries, Celtic tribes began to settle in the South East, bringing with them the Gaelic language and culture. The region’s position along the River Barrow and its fertile lands made it ideal for the establishment of significant early settlements. With the arrival of Christianity in the 5th century, Ireland began to see the rise of monasteries, and the South East became home to some early Christian sites. Gallen Priory and Jerpoint Abbey in Kilkenny are examples of the region’s religious significance during this period, becoming centers of learning and art.

South East Ireland in the Viking and Norman Periods

In the 9th and 10th centuries, Vikings began to raid and settle along the coast of the South East. The Viking influence is still seen in the region’s coastal towns, such as Waterford, which was founded by the Norse as a port city. The Vikings brought trade and wealth to the region, establishing it as a key point for commerce. In the 12th century, the Normans arrived in Ireland, and the South East was one of the first areas they established control. The Norman castles, such as those in Waterford and Carlow, and the creation of new towns brought a more structured form of governance and reinforced the region’s strategic importance.

South East Ireland in the Tudor and Stuart Periods

The 16th and 17th centuries were marked by political turmoil as English rule extended throughout Ireland. The South East became a focal point during the Tudor conquest, with the region undergoing land reforms and the introduction of the Plantation of Ireland, which settled English and Scottish Protestants on lands previously held by Gaelic Irish lords. This period of conflict culminated in the Irish Rebellions, with significant battles taking place, and many Irish families losing their lands. The Protestant population that grew during this period had a lasting impact on the region’s demographic makeup.

South East Ireland in the 18th and 19th Centuries

The 18th century saw the South East develop further economically, particularly through the expansion of the linen industry and trade, with Waterford becoming one of the most important cities in Ireland. However, this period also saw deepened religious divisions between Protestants and Catholics, culminating in events like the 1798 Rebellion. In the 19th century, the Great Famine of the mid-1800s devastated the South East, particularly in Wexford and Kilkenny, with large portions of the population dying from hunger or emigrating abroad. Following the famine, the region saw slow recovery, with land reforms beginning in the late 19th century.

South East Ireland in the 20th Century

The early 20th century saw the South East of Ireland, like the rest of the country, experience the effects of the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Civil War. While the region was mostly peaceful, there were still political tensions, especially around Waterford and Wexford, where the industrial and agricultural base was heavily affected by the conflict. Following Irish independence in 1922, the region began to develop more steadily, with improvements in infrastructure and increased industrialization. Tourism, especially along the Irish Sea coast, began to play an increasingly important role in the local economy.

Contemporary South East Ireland

Today, the South East is known for its historical landmarks, rich cultural traditions, and natural beauty. Waterford, with its medieval history and Viking heritage, remains a key city, while Kilkenny is known for its preserved medieval architecture and Kilkenny Castle. The region is also renowned for its vibrant festivals, including those celebrating music, arts, and food. It is a hub for agriculture, particularly in dairy and fruit production, and the natural landscapes attract visitors for hiking, coastal walks, and exploring the Irish countryside.

Best Time to Visit South East Ireland

Visiting South East Ireland in Spring

Spring (March to May) in South East Ireland is cool but gradually warming. In March, temperatures range from 9°C to 12°C, with nights dropping to 3°C to 5°C. By May, daytime highs increase to around 14°C to 17°C, while the nights remain cool, averaging 5°C to 7°C. Rain is common, but there are plenty of dry, sunny days as well, especially later in the season. The region’s gardens and countryside start to bloom, making it a great time for outdoor activities.

Visiting South East Ireland in Summer

Summer (June to August) brings the warmest weather to South East Ireland. Daytime temperatures range from 17°C to 22°C, with occasional peaks of 24°C during heatwaves. Nights are cool at 10°C to 14°C. The long daylight hours and relatively low humidity make it the perfect time for sightseeing, exploring the countryside, and enjoying festivals. Rain is still possible but is generally less frequent, and the weather is ideal for enjoying the scenic towns and beaches along the coast.

Visiting South East Ireland in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) offers cooler temperatures, with daytime highs of 15°C to 18°C in September, dropping to around 9°C to 12°C by November. Nights become chillier, ranging from 4°C to 7°C. This season brings vibrant autumn foliage, especially in rural areas like Kilkenny and Wexford. Rainfall increases slightly during this time, particularly in October and November, but the weather is still manageable for outdoor activities and cultural exploration.

Visiting South East Ireland in Winter

Winter (December to February) in South East Ireland is cold and damp, with daytime temperatures ranging from 5°C to 8°C, and nighttime lows of 1°C to 3°C. Snow is rare, though frost can occur in rural areas. The region experiences overcast skies and frequent rain, making it a quieter time to visit. Despite the chill, the festive season brings warmth to towns like Waterford and Kilkenny, which host Christmas markets and seasonal events. The serene winter atmosphere is perfect for a more tranquil visit.

Annual Weather Overview

January 6°C
February 8°C
March 10°C
April 13°C
May 15°C
June 19°C
July 20°C
August 20°C
September 16°C
October 13°C
November 10°C
December 9°C

How to get to South East Ireland

Getting to South East Ireland by Air

The South East of Ireland is accessible by several regional airports. Waterford Airport (WAT) serves the region with flights connecting to London and other UK destinations. It is located about 7 km from Waterford City, making it a convenient option for those traveling to this coastal city. Dublin Airport (DUB) is about 2.5 hours away by car and offers a broader range of international flights. Cork Airport (ORK) is another option, located about 2 hours from Kilkenny and Wexford, providing both domestic and international services.

Getting to South East Ireland by Train

The Irish Rail network connects the South East with the rest of Ireland. Waterford is served by the Rosslare-Europort and Dublin lines, with regular services running from Dublin to Waterford, which takes about 2.5 hours. Kilkenny is accessible via the Dublin-Kilkenny line, with trains running regularly, taking approximately 1.5 hours. Trains offer a comfortable and scenic option for reaching towns in the South East region.

Getting to South East Ireland by Bus

Bus Éireann provides extensive bus services to the South East. Regular routes connect Dublin with Waterford, Kilkenny, Wexford, and Clonmel, with travel times ranging from 2 to 3 hours depending on the town. Wexford, as a coastal town, is also well connected to Cork and Waterford through intercity buses. The Waterford Bus Station and Kilkenny Bus Station serve as main hubs for travel within the region.

Getting to South East Ireland by Car

Driving to the South East of Ireland is straightforward thanks to a well-developed road network. From Dublin, the M9 motorway takes travelers to Kilkenny in about 1.5 hours. From Kilkenny, Waterford is a short 30-minute drive, and Wexford is about 1 hour from Kilkenny by car. The N25 road also connects Cork to Waterford, passing through picturesque villages and towns along the way. Renting a car is a popular option, as it provides flexibility to explore the countryside and coastal areas at your own pace.

Festivals in South East Ireland

Kilkenny Arts Festival
When: August
Where: Kilkenny
A celebration of visual arts, theatre, dance, literature, and music, attracting artists and performers from around the world.
More info: https://www.kilkennyarts.ie/

Kilkenny Tradfest
When: March
Where: Kilkenny
A festival dedicated to traditional Irish music, featuring performances, workshops, and sessions throughout the city.
More info: https://www.kilkennytradfest.com/

Kilkenny Roots Festival
When: May
Where: Kilkenny
An Americana, roots, and folk music festival showcasing both Irish and international artists across various venues.
More info: https://www.kilkennyroots.com/

The Cat Laughs Comedy Festival
When: June
Where: Kilkenny
A renowned comedy festival bringing together comedians from Ireland and around the world for a weekend of laughter.
More info: https://www.thecatlaughs.com/

Savour Kilkenny Food Festival
When: October
Where: Kilkenny
A celebration of local and national culinary delights, featuring food markets, cooking demonstrations, and special events.
More info: https://www.savourkilkenny.com/

Wexford Opera Festival
When: October/November
Where: Wexford
An internationally acclaimed opera festival presenting a series of performances in a historic setting.
More info: https://www.wexfordopera.com/

Waterford International Festival of Food
When: April
Where: Waterford
A festival celebrating local and international cuisine, with food markets, cooking demonstrations, and tastings.
More info: https://www.waterfordfoodfestival.com/

All Together Now Festival
When: August
Where: Waterford
A multi-disciplinary arts festival featuring music, theatre, comedy, and spoken word, set in a scenic outdoor location.
More info: https://www.alltogethernow.ie/

Dunmore East Bluegrass Festival
When: June
Where: Dunmore East
A weekend of bluegrass music performances, workshops, and jam sessions in a picturesque fishing village.
More info: https://www.dunmoreeastbluegrass.com/

Wexford Festival Opera
When: October/November
Where: Wexford
An internationally acclaimed opera festival presenting a series of performances in a historic setting.
More info: https://www.wexfordopera.com/

Waterford Winterval
When: November/December
Where: Waterford
A Christmas festival transforming the city with markets, light displays, and festive activities for all ages.
More info: https://www.winterval.ie/

Yulefest Kilkenny
When: December
Where: Kilkenny
A festive celebration featuring markets, light displays, and cultural events in the medieval city.
More info: https://www.yulefestkilkenny.ie/

Kilkenny Film Festival
When: November
Where: Kilkenny
An annual film festival showcasing independent films, documentaries, and short films from around the world.
More info: https://www.kilkennyfilmfestival.com/

Waterford Film Festival
When: November
Where: Waterford
A platform for independent filmmakers to present their work, featuring screenings and awards.
More info: https://www.waterfordfilmfestival.net/

Kilkenny Comedy Festival
When: February
Where: Kilkenny
A weekend of stand-up comedy performances, workshops, and improv shows.
More info: https://www.kilkennycomedy.com/

Wexford Spiegeltent Festival
When: May
Where: Wexford
A cultural festival featuring a variety of performances, including music, theatre, and dance, held in a vintage Spiegeltent.
More info: https://www.wexfordspiegeltent.com/

Waterford Harvest Festival
When: September
Where: Waterford
A celebration of local food producers, chefs, and culinary traditions with markets, tastings, and workshops.
More info: https://www.waterfordharvestfestival.ie/

Wexford Opera House Christmas Concerts
When: December
Where: Wexford
A series of festive concerts featuring classical and contemporary music in a historic venue.
More info: https://www.wexfordoperahouse.ie/

Kilkenny Christmas Market
When: December
Where: Kilkenny
A traditional Christmas market offering crafts, food, and seasonal entertainment in a historic setting.
More info: https://www.kilkennychristmasmarket.com/

Waterford Walls Street Art Festival
When: August
Where: Waterford
An event transforming the city’s streets with murals and artworks from local and international artists.
More info: https://www.waterfordwalls.ie/

Wexford Opera Festival Fringe Events
When: October/November
Where: Wexford
A series of cultural events complementing the main opera performances, including talks, exhibitions, and community activities.
More info: https://www.wexfordopera.com/

Kilkenny Design Week
When: November
Where: Kilkenny
A celebration of design and craftsmanship with exhibitions, talks, and workshops across the city.
More info: https://www.kilkennydesignweek.com/

Waterford International Music Festival
When: July
Where: Waterford
A festival featuring performances from international and local musicians across various genres.
More info: https://www.waterfordmusicfestival.com/

Wexford Literary Festival
When: June
Where: Wexford
A gathering of writers, poets, and literary enthusiasts with readings, workshops, and discussions.
More info: https://www.wexfordliteraryfestival.com/