Complete Guide to Northern Cambodia (2025)

Northern Cambodia is the country’s largest region, stretching from the Thai border in the west to the Vietnamese frontier in the east. This area is home to both ancient traditions and natural beauty, offering sleepy towns lined with colonial-era architecture and temples tucked away in the countryside. Battambang, the most visited town here, is known for its charming streets and scenic surroundings, while the eastern regions, including Sen Monorom and Ban Lung, provide opportunities for adventures in the wilderness.

Adding to Cambodia’s allure is the Angkor temple complex, a sprawling collection of ancient structures that rise majestically over the northern plains. Siem Reap, a vibrant town just south of the Angkor temples, serves as both a base for exploring the ruins and a destination in itself, with its lively nightlife, excellent restaurants, and cultural offerings.

Cities of Northern Cambodia

Siem Reap

Siem Reap is a vibrant city located in northwestern Cambodia, best known as the gateway to the ancient Angkor archaeological complex. Serving as the capital of Siem Reap Province, it attracts millions of tourists annually, who visit to explore the stunning temples of Angkor, including the iconic Angkor Wat. The city’s name, which translates to “Siam Defeated,” references its historical significance in the late 18th century when the Khmer forces repelled the Siamese invaders. Today, Siem Reap offers a blend of ancient history, modern amenities, and a thriving cultural scene, making it a key destination in Southeast Asia.

Beyond the temples, Siem Reap boasts a lively atmosphere with bustling markets, vibrant nightlife, and an array of restaurants offering both local and international cuisines. Pub Street, in particular, is a popular area where visitors can enjoy delicious Cambodian street food, shop for souvenirs, and experience the city’s lively nightlife. For those interested in local culture, the city is home to various museums, art galleries, and traditional Apsara dance performances, offering deeper insights into Cambodia’s rich heritage. The nearby floating villages on Tonle Sap Lake provide another unique experience, offering a glimpse into the lives of local communities who live on the water.

In recent years, Siem Reap has undergone significant development, improving its infrastructure while maintaining its traditional charm. Visitors can easily access the city via its international airport, which offers flights from major regional hubs. The city’s proximity to the Angkor temples makes it an ideal base for tourists, who can spend their days exploring the ancient wonders and their evenings relaxing in the city’s hotels, resorts, or homestays. Siem Reap’s mix of historical significance, cultural offerings, and modern developments has solidified its status as one of the most popular tourist destinations in Cambodia.

View our Siem Reap Guide

10 Hidden Temples in Siem Reap

Angkor Wat Grand Circuit: Self-Guided Tour (+ Map)

Angkor Wat Small Circuit: Self-Guided Tour (with Map!)

Battambang

Battambang, Cambodia’s second-largest city, is renowned for its well-preserved colonial architecture, relaxed atmosphere, and thriving art scene. Located along the Sangkae River, this charming city serves as a cultural hub with its historic shophouses, ancient temples, and vibrant local markets. Battambang’s laid-back vibe makes it an excellent destination for exploring on foot or by bicycle, allowing visitors to soak in the city’s unique blend of French colonial and Khmer influences.

A highlight of any trip to Battambang is the chance to explore its surrounding countryside. The iconic Bamboo Train, or norry, offers a quirky and memorable ride through lush rice paddies and rural villages, providing a glimpse into local life. Meanwhile, the region’s ancient temples, such as Phnom Banan and Phnom Sampeau, showcase Cambodia’s rich history. Phnom Sampeau, in particular, holds historical and spiritual significance with its hilltop pagoda, caves, and stunning views of the surrounding landscape.

Battambang is also a burgeoning center for art and culture. The city is home to several galleries and the renowned Phare Ponleu Selpak, an organization dedicated to promoting Khmer art and performance. Visitors can enjoy circus shows, art exhibitions, and workshops that reflect Cambodia’s creative revival. With its mix of history, culture, and natural beauty, Battambang provides a more tranquil yet equally enriching experience compared to Cambodia’s bustling cities.

View our Battambang Guide

History of Northern Cambodia

Ancient Kingdoms in Northern Cambodia

The history of Northern Cambodia dates back to ancient times, with early human settlements emerging around the 5th century BCE. The region was home to several early kingdoms, such as the Funan and Chenla civilizations. These kingdoms, which existed from the 1st to the 8th century, laid the foundations for Cambodian culture, trade, and religion. Funan, in particular, is considered one of Southeast Asia’s earliest Indianized states, with its economy focused on trade and agriculture.

The Rise of the Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire (9th to 15th century) marked a golden age for Northern Cambodia. This period saw the rise of Angkor as the capital of the Khmer Empire, which grew to become one of the largest and most powerful empires in Southeast Asia. The Khmer rulers constructed magnificent temples and cities, including the famous Angkor Wat, which was built in the early 12th century and stands as one of the most iconic symbols of Cambodian heritage.

During this period, the region flourished culturally, religiously, and economically, with the Hindu and Buddhist traditions being deeply ingrained in the society. The Angkorian period also saw advancements in irrigation and agriculture, which supported a growing population and a vibrant trade network that extended across Southeast Asia.

Decline of the Khmer Empire

By the 14th and 15th centuries, the Khmer Empire began to decline due to internal strife, invasions by neighboring states, and changes in trade routes. The collapse of the empire led to the loss of its former territories, and Northern Cambodia saw the rise of smaller kingdoms and shifting power dynamics. The region became more susceptible to the influence of neighboring kingdoms like Ayutthaya (in present-day Thailand) and Vietnam.

The French Colonial Period

In the mid-19th century, Northern Cambodia became part of the French colonial empire as part of French Indochina. The French colonial period lasted until 1953, and during this time, the region underwent significant social and economic changes. The French invested in infrastructure such as railways, roads, and public buildings, which connected the region to other parts of Cambodia and the larger French empire.

Although French rule brought modernization to some areas, it also led to the exploitation of Cambodia’s natural resources and the imposition of French culture and governance. The period was marked by resistance movements and a growing desire for independence among the Cambodian people.

Cambodia’s Struggle for Independence

In the early 20th century, nationalistic movements began to emerge in Northern Cambodia and across the country. These movements called for independence from French colonial rule. After World War II, Cambodia, along with other French colonies, saw an increasing push for independence. Cambodia gained its full independence from France in 1953 under the leadership of King Norodom Sihanouk.

The Khmer Rouge Era

The late 20th century saw a tragic chapter in the history of Northern Cambodia with the rise of the Khmer Rouge regime under Pol Pot. From 1975 to 1979, Cambodia was subjected to one of the most brutal genocides in modern history, with the Khmer Rouge attempting to create an agrarian communist society. Northern Cambodia, particularly areas near Angkor, was deeply affected by the violence, as millions of Cambodians were killed or forced into labor camps.

The fall of the Khmer Rouge in 1979 marked the end of one of the darkest periods in Cambodian history. The region, like the rest of the country, began to rebuild in the years that followed.

Modern Day Northern Cambodia

Today, Northern Cambodia is a region marked by both its rich historical legacy and the challenges of modern development. While the ancient temples of Angkor continue to attract tourists from around the world, the region also faces issues related to poverty, infrastructure development, and conservation. The revitalization of cultural heritage and the promotion of sustainable tourism are key focuses as Northern Cambodia works to balance its rich history with modern progress. The area’s cultural diversity, ancient traditions, and ongoing development make it an important part of Cambodia’s national identity.

Best Time to Visit Northern Cambodia

Visiting Northern Cambodia in Spring

Spring (March to May) is a great time to visit Northern Cambodia, with daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 35°C. Nights are warmer than in cooler months, with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 25°C. The weather can be hot, but it’s generally less humid than in the rainy season, making it a good time for sightseeing and outdoor activities. Siem Reap and the surrounding areas start to see fewer tourists during this season, offering a more peaceful experience of the Angkor Wat complex.

Visiting Northern Cambodia in Summer

Summer (June to August) is the peak of the rainy season in Northern Cambodia, with daytime temperatures around 30°C to 35°C and occasional thunderstorms. The humidity levels rise, and the nights are warm, with temperatures between 25°C and 28°C. While rainfall can be frequent, it typically comes in the form of afternoon downpours, which can make travel a bit more challenging. However, the landscape is lush and green, making it a good time for nature lovers and those who want to experience the region’s tropical climate.

Visiting Northern Cambodia in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) is another great time to visit Northern Cambodia, with daytime temperatures ranging from 28°C to 33°C. Nights start cooling slightly, with temperatures around 22°C to 25°C. This transitional period from the rainy season to the dry season brings moderate humidity and occasional rain showers. The region’s natural beauty is at its peak, with lush vegetation and the waters of the Tonle Sap lake being full. It’s also a great time to experience local festivals and events that take place across Siem Reap and other towns.

Visiting Northern Cambodia in Winter

Winter (December to February) is the best time to visit Northern Cambodia, with pleasant temperatures ranging from 23°C to 30°C during the day and cooler nights at 18°C to 22°C. This dry season offers the most comfortable weather for exploring the Angkor Wat temple complex and other cultural landmarks. The humidity is lower, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, and temple tours. This is also the peak tourist season, so expect more visitors, but the mild weather makes it well worth the visit.

Annual Weather Overview

January 29°C
February 31°C
March 34°C
April 35°C
May 30°C
June 31°C
July 30°C
August 31°C
September 30°C
October 30°C
November 30°C
December 30°C

How to get to Northern Cambodia

Getting to Northern Cambodia by Air

Northern Cambodia is accessible by air through Siem Reap International Airport (REP), which is the primary gateway to the region. The airport is located near Siem Reap, the closest major city to the Angkor Wat temple complex, one of Cambodia’s most iconic attractions. This airport serves both domestic and international flights, with connections to major cities in Southeast Asia, including Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, and Phnom Penh.

Another airport that serves the region is Phnom Penh International Airport (PNH), located in the capital city, Phnom Penh, although it is a bit farther from the northern parts of Cambodia. From Phnom Penh, travelers can take connecting flights to Siem Reap or travel by bus or car to reach the northern region.

Getting Around Northern Cambodia by Train

The train network in Northern Cambodia is limited, and there is no direct railway service from Siem Reap or other northern towns. However, Phnom Penh is connected by rail to Battambang and Sihanoukville in the south. To explore the northern region from Siem Reap, travelers often use buses or taxis to cover the distances, as the train service in this region is still under development.

Getting Around Northern Cambodia by Bus

Buses are one of the most common and affordable ways to travel around Northern Cambodia. From Siem Reap, bus services are available to various towns and cities in the north, including Battambang and Angkor Thom. Several bus companies operate regular routes between Siem Reap and Phnom Penh, as well as to Banteay Meanchey and Pursat. These buses are often used by both locals and tourists, offering a convenient way to explore the region.

In Siem Reap, the central bus station is a key departure point for buses to other parts of the region. Travelers can find both express and local buses, with express options being quicker but more expensive.

Getting Around Northern Cambodia by Car

Renting a car is a great way to explore Northern Cambodia, as it gives travelers the flexibility to visit remote towns and historical sites at their own pace. Roads are generally in good condition around Siem Reap, and travelers can drive to nearby towns like Angkor, Battambang, and Kompong Thom.

For those wishing to explore the Angkor Wat complex and its surrounding temples, hiring a local driver is a popular option, as they can provide insights into the history and significance of the sites. Many tourists also opt for private taxis or car hires for trips to neighboring areas.

Getting Around Northern Cambodia by Tuk-Tuk and Motorbike

In Siem Reap and surrounding towns, tuk-tuks and motorbikes are the most common modes of transportation for short distances. Tuk-tuks are especially popular for sightseeing, including visits to the Angkor Wat temple complex, as they are affordable and offer a local experience. Travelers can hire a tuk-tuk for a few hours or a full day to explore the temples and surrounding countryside.

Motorbike rentals are also available in Siem Reap, which provide a flexible option for exploring more remote areas at a leisurely pace. It’s advisable for visitors to ensure they have a valid international driver’s permit when renting motorbikes.

Getting Around Northern Cambodia by Boat

For travelers wishing to explore the natural beauty of Northern Cambodia, taking a boat is a unique and scenic option. The Tonle Sap Lake, located near Siem Reap, offers boat tours to nearby floating villages and remote regions. The boat ride from Siem Reap to Battambang can be an adventurous way to travel, especially during the rainy season when the lake’s water levels are higher.

Boat transport is also common for visits to Koh Ker and other remote archaeological sites accessible only by water or off-road vehicles.

Festivals in Northern Cambodia

Bon Om Touk (Water Festival)
When: November
Where: Siem Reap, Tonle Sap
The Water Festival is one of the most significant celebrations in Cambodia, marking the reversal of the flow of water in the Tonle Sap River. The festival includes boat races, traditional performances, and fireworks, drawing large crowds to Siem Reap and Phnom Penh.

Cambodian New Year (Chaul Chnam Thmey)
When: April
Where: Siem Reap, Battambang
Cambodian New Year is a vibrant celebration with traditional rituals, including water fights, temple offerings, and cultural performances. In Siem Reap and Battambang, the streets come alive with people visiting temples, engaging in family reunions, and participating in various festive activities.

Angkor Wat International Half Marathon
When: December
Where: Siem Reap
A unique sporting event, the Angkor Wat International Half Marathon draws participants from around the world to run through the ancient Angkor Wat temple complex. The event combines physical endurance with cultural exploration, offering scenic views of the temples and surrounding landscapes.

Pchum Ben (Ancestors’ Day)
When: September
Where: Siem Reap
Pchum Ben is a religious festival dedicated to honoring deceased ancestors. People visit temples, make offerings, and perform rituals to ensure the souls of their ancestors find peace. The festival is celebrated with processions, prayers, and ceremonies across towns like Siem Reap and Battambang.

Water Puppet Festival
When: November
Where: Siem Reap
Held in Siem Reap, the Water Puppet Festival showcases Cambodia’s traditional water puppetry, where colorful puppets are animated on water with the help of skilled performers. The festival also includes music, dance, and a celebration of Cambodian cultural heritage.

Siem Reap Food Festival
When: July
Where: Siem Reap
The Siem Reap Food Festival is an annual event that highlights the region’s culinary delights. The festival features food stalls, cooking classes, and demonstrations of traditional Khmer cooking techniques, with dishes from all over Northern Cambodia available for tasting.

King Norodom Sihamoni’s Birthday
When: May
Where: Phnom Penh, Siem Reap
This national holiday celebrates the birthday of King Norodom Sihamoni, with events held across the country, including in Siem Reap. The day is marked with state ceremonies, cultural performances, and celebrations that honor the king’s leadership and contributions to the country.

Bonn Om Touk (Water Festival)
When: November
Where: Siem Reap
This important festival celebrates the annual reversal of the Tonle Sap River’s flow. The festivities include boat races on the river, fireworks, and performances, with Siem Reap and Phnom Penh being the primary locations for the celebration.

Lunar New Year
When: February
Where: Siem Reap
Celebrated by the ethnic Chinese community in Siem Reap, the Lunar New Year is marked by vibrant parades, lion dances, fireworks, and feasts. It’s a lively event that highlights the cultural diversity of Northern Cambodia.

Elephant Festival
When: March
Where: Phnom Penh, Siem Reap
The Elephant Festival is held to honor the historical and cultural significance of elephants in Cambodian society. It includes processions, performances, and rituals that celebrate the region’s relationship with these majestic creatures. The event takes place in Siem Reap, with an emphasis on preserving elephant conservation.