Complete Guide to Eastern Netherlands (2025)

Nijmegen Eastern Netherlands

The Eastern Netherlands is a scenic and culturally rich region that encompasses the provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel, offering a landscape shaped by forests, rivers, and historic towns. Unlike the coastal west, this area leans more rural and natural, with expanses of heathland, ancient woodlands, and winding dikes along the IJssel and Rhine rivers. The pace here is slower, ideal for those looking to explore charming villages, castles, and outdoor spaces that reflect the Dutch countryside at its most tranquil and authentic.

The region’s cities, such as Arnhem, Nijmegen, Deventer, and Zwolle, blend history with contemporary living. Arnhem is known for fashion and museums, while Nijmegen claims the title of the oldest city in the Netherlands, full of Roman and medieval layers. Deventer and Zutphen captivate visitors with their well-preserved Hanseatic architecture and lively markets. These cities offer a strong sense of local identity, with cultural events, independent shops, and cosy cafés rooted in tradition yet welcoming of modern creativity.

Nature is a major draw in the Eastern Netherlands, from the forests of the Veluwezoom to the meadows of the Sallandse Heuvelrug and the riverside beauty of the IJssel Valley. The region is well-suited for walking, cycling, and wildlife spotting, particularly in protected areas like National Park De Hoge Veluwe. Whether exploring woodland estates, discovering fortified towns, or enjoying regional dishes made with local ingredients, the Eastern Netherlands offers an immersive experience filled with variety, beauty, and quiet charm.

Region map of Eastern Netherlands

Cities of Eastern Netherlands

Arnhem

Arnhem

Arnhem, located in the province of Gelderland in the Eastern Netherlands, offers visitors a vibrant mix of urban life and natural beauty. The city is known for its spacious parks, modern shopping districts, and a lively cultural scene, making it an appealing destination for a range of travellers. Whether you’re interested in exploring art galleries, enjoying local cuisine, or simply strolling through green spaces, Arnhem provides a welcoming atmosphere.

The city centre of Arnhem is a hub of activity, featuring bustling streets lined with shops, cafés, and restaurants. Visitors can enjoy a mix of international brands and unique local boutiques, along with markets and seasonal events that bring a dynamic energy to the area. The presence of museums and theatres adds a cultural dimension, offering plenty of options for entertainment and learning.

Nature lovers will appreciate Arnhem’s proximity to the vast Hoge Veluwe National Park, just a short distance from the city. This park offers extensive trails for hiking, cycling, and wildlife spotting, including the famous white bicycles available for visitors. Arnhem’s blend of urban amenities and easy access to natural landscapes makes it an ideal base for exploring Gelderland and its surroundings.

Arnhem is known as the “City of Parks” because of its abundant green spaces and beautifully maintained public gardens that offer residents and visitors a peaceful urban escape. The city boasts large parks like Sonsbeek Park and Park Klarenbeek, which feature scenic walking paths, ponds, and cultural landmarks. Arnhem’s commitment to preserving nature within the city, combined with its surrounding natural reserves, creates a lush environment that defines its relaxed and healthy lifestyle.

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Nijmegen

Nijmegen

Nijmegen is a vibrant city located in the eastern part of the Netherlands, known for its lively atmosphere and scenic riverfront along the Waal. Visitors can enjoy a mix of modern urban life and natural beauty, with plenty of green spaces like the Valkhof Park offering peaceful spots to relax or take a stroll. The city’s compact centre is perfect for wandering, with charming streets lined with cafes, shops, and markets that showcase local culture and cuisine.

For those interested in arts and entertainment, Nijmegen hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, drawing crowds with music, theatre, and cultural events. The city’s museums, galleries, and theatres provide enriching experiences for visitors, alongside a vibrant nightlife scene fueled by its large student population. Nijmegen’s riverside setting also invites outdoor activities such as cycling and boating, making it an ideal destination for combining urban exploration with nature.

Dining in Nijmegen is a delight, with a range of restaurants offering everything from traditional Dutch dishes to international cuisine. The city’s food markets and trendy eateries highlight fresh, local ingredients and innovative cooking styles. Whether you’re seeking a relaxed day by the river, cultural experiences, or lively social scenes, Nijmegen offers a welcoming and diverse environment that appeals to many types of travellers.

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Zwolle

Zwolle

Zwolle, located in the eastern Netherlands, is a charming city known for its picturesque canals, vibrant cultural scene, and beautiful medieval architecture. Visitors can enjoy wandering through the quaint old town where historic buildings blend seamlessly with modern shops and cozy cafés. The city’s compact size makes it ideal for exploring on foot or by bike, offering a relaxed yet lively atmosphere.

The city is also a hub for art lovers and food enthusiasts alike. Zwolle boasts several museums and galleries showcasing both classic and contemporary art. For foodies, the city is renowned for its excellent restaurants, including some Michelin-starred options, serving up a delightful mix of Dutch and international cuisine. Seasonal markets and festivals add extra flavor to the city’s calendar, making any visit dynamic and engaging.

Nature lovers will appreciate Zwolle’s proximity to green spaces and waterways, perfect for outdoor activities such as cycling, boating, or simply enjoying a peaceful stroll. The surrounding region offers plenty of opportunities to experience the Dutch countryside, with scenic routes and charming villages just a short trip away. Whether you’re after culture, cuisine, or calm, Zwolle provides a well-rounded visit within the eastern Netherlands region.

Zwolle is known as the “City of Hanseatic Pride” because of its rich history as a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, a powerful medieval trade network across Northern Europe. During the Middle Ages, Zwolle flourished as a thriving trading city, boasting impressive Gothic architecture, fortified walls, and bustling markets. This heritage of commerce, independence, and civic pride still shapes Zwolle’s cultural identity today, celebrated in its well-preserved historic centre and vibrant community spirit.

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Apeldoorn

Apeldoorn

Apeldoorn, nestled in the province of Gelderland, offers visitors a refreshing blend of urban amenities and natural beauty. The city is known for its green spaces and parks, making it a perfect destination for those who enjoy outdoor activities. Whether you want to stroll through landscaped gardens or cycle along forest trails, Apeldoorn provides ample opportunities to connect with nature just steps from the city centre.

The city centre itself is compact and easy to explore on foot, featuring charming streets lined with shops, cafes, and restaurants. Apeldoorn also boasts a vibrant cultural scene with theatres, galleries, and regular events that showcase local talent. The atmosphere is relaxed yet lively, making it a pleasant place to unwind while still having plenty to see and do.

For families and those interested in unique attractions, Apeldoorn is home to several popular spots, including a world-famous palace nearby and a renowned wildlife park. These venues offer engaging experiences for all ages, combining education, entertainment, and the beauty of the Dutch countryside. Whether you’re seeking outdoor adventure, cultural exploration, or family fun, Apeldoorn in Gelderland has something to offer every traveler.

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Deventer

Deventer

Deventer, located in the province of Overijssel, is a charming city that offers visitors a delightful mix of historic atmosphere and vibrant cultural life. The city’s compact old town is perfect for exploring on foot, with narrow cobbled streets, picturesque squares, and a lively market scene. Visitors can enjoy quaint shops, cosy cafés, and a variety of restaurants serving both traditional Dutch fare and international cuisine. The riverside setting along the IJssel adds a scenic backdrop to any stroll.

Art and culture enthusiasts will find plenty to appreciate in Deventer. The city hosts a range of galleries, theaters, and regular events that showcase local and regional talent. Seasonal festivals add an extra layer of excitement, whether it’s a music concert, literary event, or food market. Deventer’s rich cultural calendar ensures there’s something happening year-round to engage visitors.

For those who love the outdoors, Deventer offers several parks and green spaces that invite relaxation and recreation. The nearby IJssel River provides opportunities for boat trips and waterside walks, while the surrounding countryside is ideal for cycling and hiking. This blend of urban charm and natural beauty makes Deventer a great base for exploring the wider Overijssel region.

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Enschede

Enschede

Visiting Enschede, located in the eastern Netherlands, offers a dynamic blend of urban energy and green spaces. The city’s vibrant centre is home to a lively mix of shops, cafés, and cultural venues, making it perfect for those who enjoy exploring on foot. Visitors can wander through bustling markets, relax in cozy cafés, or dive into local art galleries that showcase both contemporary and traditional Dutch creativity. The welcoming atmosphere and youthful vibe come largely from its university community, adding a fresh and innovative edge to the city’s character.

Nature lovers will appreciate Enschede’s easy access to parks and outdoor areas. The nearby Volkspark and Roombeek district provide peaceful escapes where you can stroll along tree-lined paths or enjoy a picnic by the water. Cycling is also popular here, with well-maintained bike routes connecting the city to surrounding countryside and small villages. These routes offer a great way to experience the scenic beauty of the Twente region while staying active and refreshed.

Culturally, Enschede presents a diverse calendar of events, from music festivals to theatre performances and art exhibitions. The city’s theatres and music venues often feature local talent alongside international acts, reflecting its role as a regional cultural hub. Whether you’re seeking a relaxed urban break with plenty of green spaces or an engaging cultural experience, Enschede provides a balanced and inviting destination in the eastern Netherlands.

Enschede is called the “Textile City” because it was once the heart of the Netherlands’ booming textile industry. From the 19th century through much of the 20th, Enschede’s factories produced fabrics and clothing on a large scale, shaping the city’s economy and identity. Although the industry has largely declined, the city still honors this heritage through museums, cultural events, and revitalized industrial buildings, reflecting its important role in Dutch textile history and innovation.

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Hengelo

Hengelo
CC BY-SA 4.0 / Steven Lek

Hengelo is a vibrant city located in the eastern part of the Netherlands, in the province of Overijssel. It offers visitors a blend of modern urban life and green spaces, making it an appealing destination for those who want both cultural experiences and outdoor activities. The city centre is lively, with shopping streets, cafés, and restaurants where you can enjoy local Dutch cuisine and international flavors alike.

One of the highlights of visiting Hengelo is its focus on contemporary art and design, with galleries and cultural venues scattered around the city. The city also hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, creating a dynamic atmosphere that draws locals and visitors together. Parks and recreational areas provide ample opportunities for walking, cycling, and simply relaxing amid nature without leaving the city limits.

Hengelo’s location makes it a great base for exploring the wider Twente region. Whether you want to take a day trip to nearby towns or enjoy the countryside’s natural beauty, Hengelo offers convenient transport links and a welcoming atmosphere. With its mix of urban amenities and peaceful green areas, it’s a city that can cater to a wide range of interests and travel styles.

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Doetinchem

Kasteel Slangenburg
CC BY-SA 3.0 / Technische Fred

Visiting Doetinchem offers a charming experience in the eastern Netherlands, nestled within the Gelderland region. The city blends modern amenities with a welcoming small-town atmosphere, making it ideal for visitors looking for a relaxed yet vibrant destination. Strolling through the pedestrian-friendly city centre, you’ll find a variety of shops, cafes, and restaurants, perfect for sampling local Dutch cuisine or enjoying a leisurely coffee.

Doetinchem is also a great base for outdoor enthusiasts. The surrounding countryside is dotted with parks, walking trails, and cycling routes that allow visitors to explore the scenic Gelderland landscape. For those who appreciate cultural activities, the city has theatres, art galleries, and live music venues that regularly host performances, adding a creative buzz to the local scene.

Families will find Doetinchem particularly inviting, with plenty of green spaces and attractions suited for all ages. The city’s friendly vibe and accessibility make it a pleasant spot to unwind while still offering enough activities to keep visitors engaged. Whether you’re into shopping, exploring nature, or soaking up local culture, Doetinchem offers a balanced mix to enrich your visit.

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Zutphen

Zutphen

Visiting Zutphen offers a charming experience in the eastern Netherlands, set within the Gelderland region. The city’s compact and walkable centre is filled with picturesque streets, quaint cafés, and independent shops that invite leisurely exploration. Wander along the riverbanks of the IJssel and enjoy the peaceful atmosphere, which perfectly balances urban life with natural beauty. Zutphen’s relaxed pace makes it an ideal spot for a day trip or a quiet weekend getaway.

Art and culture lovers will appreciate Zutphen’s many galleries and museums, showcasing local history and contemporary works. The city is known for its well-preserved medieval architecture, from towering churches to old merchant houses, creating a captivating backdrop for cultural discovery. Regular markets and events add life to the town throughout the year, allowing visitors to mingle with locals and sample regional specialties in lively settings.

For those who enjoy outdoor activities, Zutphen is surrounded by beautiful countryside and river landscapes. Cycling and walking routes along the IJssel River offer stunning views and opportunities to connect with nature. Parks and green spaces within the city provide perfect spots to relax and soak up the serene Dutch environment. Whether you’re seeking culture, history, or peaceful natural settings, Zutphen delivers a well-rounded visit in Gelderland’s scenic east.

Zutphen is known as the “City of Stairs” because of its many historic staircases that connect the town’s charming streets, canals, and medieval buildings. These stone stairways, often leading to old warehouses along the river and hidden courtyards, reflect Zutphen’s rich trading past and its unique architecture. The abundance of stairs adds a distinctive character to the cityscape, inviting visitors to explore its layers of history while enjoying picturesque views at every turn.

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History of Eastern Netherlands

Early History of the Eastern Netherlands Region

The Eastern Netherlands region has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with archaeological finds revealing early farming settlements and burial mounds across the Veluwe and Salland. During the Roman period, the region formed the northeastern frontier of the Empire. Although not heavily urbanised, Roman military and trade routes passed through the area, influencing local communities. Germanic tribes, such as the Batavi and Chamavi, lived in this landscape of forests, rivers, and marshlands, maintaining a mix of agriculture and seasonal migration.

Medieval Period in the Eastern Netherlands Region

In the Middle Ages, the Eastern Netherlands evolved into a region of fortified towns, monastic centres, and agricultural estates. Cities such as Zutphen, Deventer, and Kampen grew prosperous as part of the Hanseatic League, an economic alliance of northern European trading cities. The rivers IJssel and Rhine served as key commercial routes, encouraging trade in grain, cloth, and timber. Feudal lords and religious orders built castles, abbeys, and churches that still define many towns today. This period also saw the clearing of forests and the creation of farmland, shaping the rural landscape.

Early Modern Era and Beyond in the Eastern Netherlands Region

The 16th and 17th centuries brought religious upheaval and warfare to the Eastern Netherlands, particularly during the Eighty Years’ War. Towns like Arnhem and Nijmegen became contested strongholds, changing hands between Spanish and Dutch forces. After the Dutch Republic’s independence, the region remained somewhat peripheral economically but retained a strong agricultural and military identity. In the 19th and 20th centuries, industrialisation came gradually, with the rise of textile industries in Twente and rail links connecting cities. Today, the Eastern Netherlands continues to reflect its layered past through preserved town centres, local traditions, and a deep connection to its historic landscape.

Best Time to Visit Eastern Netherlands

Visiting the Eastern Netherlands in Spring

Spring is a pleasant time to visit the Eastern Netherlands, with temperatures typically ranging from 9°C to 15°C. The region’s forests, heathlands, and river valleys begin to bloom with wildflowers and fresh greenery, making it ideal for hiking and cycling. Towns like Deventer and Zutphen host early festivals and outdoor markets, while nature reserves such as the Veluwezoom and Sallandse Heuvelrug offer quiet trails before the summer crowds arrive.

Visiting the Eastern Netherlands in Summer (Best)

Summer is the best season to explore the Eastern Netherlands, with average daytime temperatures between 18°C and 24°C. Long, sunny days are perfect for exploring castles, open-air museums, and national parks. Rivers like the IJssel and Rhine become popular for boating and picnics, and the region’s many towns host lively festivals and cultural events. Outdoor cafés in cities like Nijmegen and Arnhem are at their busiest, creating a vibrant yet laid-back atmosphere.

Visiting the Eastern Netherlands in Autumn

Autumn in the Eastern Netherlands brings colourful landscapes and cooler weather, with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 15°C in early autumn and dropping to 5°C by November. The forests of the Veluwe and Achterhoek are particularly scenic during this season. It’s an excellent time for mushroom picking, cosy village stays, and local harvest festivals. Rain becomes more frequent, but the atmosphere is peaceful and reflective.

Visiting the Eastern Netherlands in Winter

Winter in the Eastern Netherlands is chilly, with average temperatures between 0°C and 6°C. Frosty mornings and occasional snowfall give the countryside a quiet, serene feel. Cities such as Zwolle and Deventer put on festive lights and Christmas markets, while smaller towns offer a cosy retreat. If conditions allow, local rivers and canals may freeze, offering opportunities for traditional Dutch ice skating.

Annual Weather Overview

  • January 5°C
  • February 8°C
  • March 11°C
  • April 16°C
  • May 20°C
  • June 23°C
  • July 25°C
  • August 25°C
  • September 21°C
  • October 15°C
  • November 9°C
  • December 8°C

How to get to Eastern Netherlands

Airports Serving the Eastern Netherlands Region

The Eastern Netherlands region does not have a major international airport within its borders, but it is well served by several nearby options. Amsterdam Schiphol Airport (AMS) is the primary hub for international travellers, with direct trains to key cities like Arnhem, Nijmegen, Apeldoorn, and Zwolle. Eindhoven Airport (EIN), to the south, is another option for low-cost carriers and European routes, offering bus and train connections to towns in Gelderland. For visitors coming from Germany, Weeze Airport (NRN) and Düsseldorf Airport (DUS) provide convenient access to the eastern border, particularly for destinations such as Doetinchem and Enschede.

Train Connections to the Eastern Netherlands Region

The region is well connected by rail from across the Netherlands. Direct intercity trains link Arnhem, Nijmegen, Zwolle, and Deventer to Amsterdam, Utrecht, and Rotterdam. Regional lines reach smaller towns like Harderwijk, Doetinchem, and Enschede, operated by NS (Nederlandse Spoorwegen) and local partners like Arriva and Keolis. For travel information, visit NS Dutch Railways.

Getting Around the Eastern Netherlands Region

Travel within the Eastern Netherlands is convenient and efficient, thanks to a reliable public transport network. Intercity trains serve main cities such as Zwolle, Nijmegen, and Arnhem, while regional lines connect to towns like Lochem, Winterswijk, and Oldenzaal. Buses run frequently in rural areas, linking villages and national parks such as the Veluwezoom and Sallandse Heuvelrug.

Cycling is an excellent way to explore the area’s countryside, with dedicated paths through forests, river valleys, and historic towns. Cities like Deventer and Zutphen are compact and easy to explore by bike or on foot. For those driving, the region’s road network is well maintained, with highways like the A12, A28, and A50 offering quick access across Gelderland and Overijssel. Park-and-ride options are available near many rail stations, making it easy to combine driving with train travel.

Festivals in Eastern Netherlands

Vierdaagse Nijmegen (International Four Days Marches)

When: July
Where: Nijmegen
The world’s largest multi-day walking event, drawing tens of thousands of participants from around the globe. The city hosts a full week of festivities known as the Vierdaagsefeesten, with music, street performances, and a vibrant carnival atmosphere.

Deventer Boekenmarkt

When: August
Where: Deventer
Europe’s largest outdoor book market, stretching over six kilometres along the city’s historic streets and riverfront. With thousands of bookstalls, it attracts collectors, readers, and publishers from across the country.

Arnhem Fashion Festival

When: June
Where: Arnhem
Celebrating Arnhem’s reputation as a fashion capital, this festival features catwalk shows, design exhibitions, and pop-up events. Local designers and students from ArtEZ University showcase innovative styles and sustainable fashion.

Stadsfestival Zwolle

When: September
Where: Zwolle
A multidisciplinary cultural festival combining music, dance, theatre, and food. Events are held across the historic city centre and canal zones, transforming Zwolle into an open-air creative venue.

Deventer Op Stelten

When: July
Where: Deventer
An international street theatre festival known for its dramatic outdoor performances, including stilts, acrobatics, and large-scale spectacles. The medieval streets and squares serve as an atmospheric backdrop.

Airborne March (Airborne Wandeltocht)

When: September
Where: Oosterbeek (near Arnhem)
A major memorial walk honouring the Battle of Arnhem, part of Operation Market Garden in WWII. Thousands of walkers participate in routes through the forests and fields where paratroopers once landed.

Hanzedagen

When: June
Where: Zutphen, Deventer, Kampen (rotating locations)
A rotating celebration of the Hanseatic heritage shared by towns across the region. It includes historical reenactments, craft markets, and river parades that reflect the trade and culture of the medieval Hanseatic League.

Fields of Joy Festival

When: August
Where: Oldenzaal
A family-friendly pop and rock music festival that features a diverse lineup of artists, food trucks, and creative workshops. It’s a relaxed event with a strong community vibe in the Twente countryside.

Living Statues Festival

When: May
Where: Arnhem
Street performers from around the world compete and entertain in this artistic festival where “living statues” take over public squares. The level of detail and stillness on display is both impressive and theatrical.

Sallandse Wandelvierdaagse

When: October
Where: Raalte
A scenic four-day walking event through the rolling landscapes of Salland, including farmland, forests, and traditional villages. It’s popular with all ages and celebrates the region’s natural beauty and hospitality.