Complete Guide to Alentejo (2025)

Located between the Tagus Valley to the north and the Algarve to the south, the Alentejo boasts a stunning coastline along the Atlantic, endless plains of smooth hills, and a beautiful countryside. Alentejo’s cork tree forests, known as Montado Alentejano, produce nearly half of the world’s cork. The region also makes Portugal a top olive oil producer alongside Spain, Italy, and Morocco. Additionally, it is one of the country’s oldest wine regions, producing and exporting world-class wines.

Alentejo is home to several historical sites, including Évora and the fortified village of Elvas, both UNESCO World Heritage sites.

To explore more historical locations and enjoy Alentejo’s essence, visit Marvão, Castelo de Vide, Evoramonte, Monsaraz, Borba, or Vila Viçosa. These small villages feature well-preserved medieval castles, ancient cobbled streets, and white-washed houses, set in stunning landscapes with endless plains stretching to the horizon.

Along the coastline, Zambujeira do Mar, Vila Nova de Milfontes, and Porto Covo are favorite beach destinations for locals. Moving north towards Lisbon, you’ll find the luxurious Comporta. In recent years, this small coastal village has become a summer home for many A-listers, including Christian Louboutin, Sharon Stone, and Richard Branson.

Cities of Alentejo

Évora

Évora, the capital of Alto Alentejo and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a fascinating mix of historical styles and architectural wonders that belies its small size and location. The town’s medieval walls have preserved it as a living museum, with sixteenth- and seventeenth-century homes with ornate tile patios lining its cobblestone streets. Moorish-inspired arches, arcades, and bubbling fountains dot the town’s squares, adding to its charm.

Évora has been the home of many conquerors throughout its history, leaving behind their own unique architectural marks. Even the Romans, during Julius Caesar’s time, knew the town as Liberalitas Julia. During the reign of João III in the sixteenth century, Évora became the Montmartre of Portugal, a hub for avant-garde artists like the famous playwright Gil Vicente.

Despite its attractions, Évora remains a sleepy provincial capital today, although it is acutely aware of its cultural heritage. Local historians recommend seeing at least 59 monuments, but visitors can capture the essence of the town by exploring only a fraction of them. While Évora is a popular day trip from Lisbon, it is a long journey that may not allow enough time to fully appreciate the town’s beauty.

View our Évora Guide

Elvas

CC BY-SA 2.0 / Yon Mora

Elvas, known as the “city of plums,” is a historic town in Alenjeho, Portugal that is characterized by its narrow, cobblestone streets and crenellated fortifications. The town was held by the Moors until 1226, and it was frequently attacked and besieged by Spanish troops in later years. In the 1801 War of the Oranges, Elvas finally fell but remained part of Portugal, while its neighboring town, Olivença, became Spanish.

The fortifications of Elvas are an exceptional example of 17th-century military architecture. They include gates, curtain walls, moats, bastions, and sloping banks. The town is also known for its tightly packed, gold- and oyster-colored cottages with tile roofs that line the steep, hilly streets. Many of the houses have doors that are just 1.5 meters (5 feet) tall, and the tiny windows are filled with canary cages and flowering geraniums.

One of the most impressive landmarks in Elvas is the four-tier Aqueduto da Amoreira. Built between 1498 and 1622, the aqueduct transports water from a source located about 8 kilometers (5 miles) southwest of the town. Visitors can admire the aqueduct’s arches and impressive engineering as it stretches across the landscape. In some places, it towers up to 30 meters (98 feet) high. Overall, Elvas is a charming and historic town that offers visitors a glimpse into Portugal’s rich cultural heritage.

View our Elvas Guide

History of Alentejo

Prehistoric Times in Alentejo

Alentejo has a rich prehistoric heritage, with evidence of human settlements dating back to the Paleolithic period. Archaeological finds, such as cave paintings and stone tools, show that early humans lived in the region, utilizing its fertile land and abundant resources. The Neolithic period brought the construction of megalithic monuments, including dolmens and standing stones, many of which can still be seen in the landscape today. These ancient sites suggest that the early inhabitants of Alentejo had established agricultural communities long before the arrival of more advanced civilizations.

Alentejo in the Roman Period

In the Roman period, Alentejo became an important province within the Roman Empire, known as Lusitania. The Romans established towns, roads, and agricultural systems throughout the region, which helped boost its economy. Évora, known as Ebora under the Romans, became a major urban center, with impressive Roman structures such as the Temple of Diana still visible today. The Romans also introduced viticulture, olive cultivation, and advanced farming techniques, all of which remain central to Alentejo’s economy.

Alentejo in the Early Middle Ages

After the fall of the Roman Empire, the region was invaded by various Germanic tribes, including the Suebi and Visigoths, during the 5th and 6th centuries. In the 8th century, Alentejo was conquered by the Moors, who ruled the region for several centuries. Under Muslim rule, the region experienced significant agricultural development, with the introduction of irrigation systems and the cultivation of crops like rice, citrus fruits, and almonds. Évora and other towns became important centers of Islamic culture and learning.

Alentejo in the Christian Reconquista

The Christian Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula led to the gradual reclaiming of Alentejo by Christian forces. In the 12th century, the Kingdom of Portugal began to push southward, and Alentejo was integrated into the newly established Portuguese state. Évora and other towns were recaptured, and the region became part of the Kingdom of Portugal. The Christian influence led to the construction of many churches, castles, and monasteries, which still dominate the region’s landscape.

Alentejo in the Early Modern Period

During the 16th and 17th centuries, Alentejo flourished as an agricultural and commercial hub. The region’s economy was heavily based on the cultivation of grain, olives, and vines, and it became a major supplier of food and wine to Portugal and beyond. Évora continued to thrive as a cultural and intellectual center, with the construction of many baroque churches and palaces. During this period, the region also saw the rise of large estates owned by noble families, and the landless peasants worked on these vast agricultural lands.

Alentejo in the 19th Century

In the 19th century, Alentejo experienced significant political and social changes. The Liberal Revolution of 1820 led to the establishment of the Portuguese Republic, and Alentejo, like much of rural Portugal, saw a shift in its political landscape. The agrarian society that had existed for centuries began to shift as new political ideas and economic systems emerged. The region also saw a period of industrialization, with some urbanization taking place in towns like Beja and Évora, though Alentejo remained largely rural compared to the rest of Portugal.

Alentejo in the 20th Century

The 20th century brought both challenges and opportunities to Alentejo. The region’s economy continued to be primarily agricultural, but there were efforts to modernize farming methods and increase production. The 25th of April Revolution in 1974, which overthrew the Estado Novo dictatorship, had a significant impact on Alentejo. The land reform policies of the new government resulted in the redistribution of land from large estates to smaller farms. Despite these efforts, economic hardship and rural depopulation remained significant challenges throughout the century.

Contemporary Alentejo

Today, Alentejo is known for its beautiful landscapes, rich cultural heritage, and agricultural products, particularly wine, olive oil, and cork. Évora remains a UNESCO World Heritage city, with its historical buildings and monuments drawing tourists from around the world. The region’s economy is largely based on agriculture, but tourism, particularly eco-tourism and wine tourism, has become an increasingly important part of the local economy. Alentejo is also famous for its unique traditions, such as fado music, local festivals, and the preservation of its rural way of life. The region continues to be a place where history and tradition are deeply intertwined with modern life.

Best Time to Visit Alentejo

Visiting Alentejo in Spring

Spring (March to May) in Alentejo is mild and pleasant, with temperatures ranging from 14°C to 18°C in March, gradually warming up to 18°C to 22°C by May. Nights are cool, with temperatures between 6°C and 10°C in March and warming to 10°C to 14°C by May. The region’s countryside and vineyards bloom with vibrant colors, making it an ideal time for outdoor activities like hiking and sightseeing in towns such as Évora and Beja.

Visiting Alentejo in Summer

Summer (June to August) in Alentejo can be very hot, particularly inland, with daytime temperatures often reaching 30°C to 36°C. Évora, Beja, and other towns experience high temperatures, with the nights remaining warm at around 18°C to 24°C. Coastal areas like Vila Nova de Milfontes are a bit cooler, with daytime temperatures ranging from 26°C to 30°C. Summer is perfect for beach lovers, but visitors should be prepared for high heat, especially in rural areas.

Visiting Alentejo in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) is one of the best times to visit Alentejo, with temperatures ranging from 22°C to 26°C in September and cooling to 14°C to 18°C by November. Nights become cooler, with temperatures between 8°C and 12°C by November. The fall season brings harvest time in the vineyards, making it a great time for wine enthusiasts and those wanting to experience the region’s agricultural traditions. The mild temperatures make it perfect for outdoor activities without the summer crowds.

Visiting Alentejo in Winter

Winter (December to February) in Alentejo is generally mild compared to other regions of Europe, though it can be chilly, especially in the evenings. Daytime temperatures in towns like Évora and Beja range from 10°C to 14°C, while nighttime temperatures can drop to 4°C to 6°C. Inland areas, especially the mountains, can experience colder temperatures, with occasional frosts. Winter is the quietest time to visit, ideal for those who prefer fewer crowds and a peaceful experience exploring historical sites.

Annual Weather Overview

January 15°C
February 17°C
March 20°C
April 26°C
May 28°C
June 31°C
July 33°C
August 31°C
September 30°C
October 27°C
November 18°C
December 16°C

How to get to Alentejo

Getting to Alentejo by Air

The main international airport serving the Alentejo region is Lisbon Portela Airport (LIS), which is approximately 1.5 to 2 hours by car from key towns like Évora and Beja. Faro Airport (FAO), located in the southern part of Portugal, is also a good option for visitors traveling to the Alentejo, especially those heading to coastal towns like Vila Nova de Milfontes. Portimão Airport (PRM) is another airport near the Alentejo coastline that provides access to the region, particularly for visitors coming from Europe.

Getting to Alentejo by Train

The Alentejo region is well-connected by rail, particularly to Lisbon. Évora and Beja are two major towns in the region with train stations. Évora is served by regular trains from Lisbon’s Oriente Station and Sete Rios Station, with the journey taking around 1.5 to 2 hours. Beja, located further south, is also accessible from Lisbon via regional train services, although the travel time can take around 2.5 to 3 hours. Portalegre and Sines also have train stations, though connections are more limited.

Getting to Alentejo by Bus

Bus services are a common and convenient way to travel within Alentejo. Évora, Beja, Elvas, and Sines are well-served by long-distance and regional buses, with services running from Lisbon’s Sete Rios Bus Station. Buses to towns like Vila Viçosa and Odemira are also available from Lisbon and Faro, offering easy access to rural and coastal parts of the region.

Getting to Alentejo by Car

Driving is one of the best ways to explore the Alentejo region, especially for visiting smaller towns and enjoying the scenic landscapes. Évora, one of the most well-known towns, is easily accessible via the A6 motorway from Lisbon. Beja can be reached via the A2 motorway from Lisbon, and Sines is accessible from Lisbon via the A2 and IP8 roads. Renting a car gives visitors the flexibility to explore the Douro Valley, the Alentejo coast, and the Montes de Alentejo at their own pace, offering easy access to beautiful rural landscapes, vineyards, and historic towns.

Festivals in Alentejo

Festa de Nossa Senhora d’Aires
When: May
Where: Viana do Alentejo
A religious celebration in honor of Our Lady of Aires, featuring processions, music, traditional dances, and a fair showcasing local handicrafts and cuisine.

Festa de São João
When: June
Where: Évora
A lively festival celebrating St. John the Baptist, with street parties, music, bonfires, and traditional games that bring locals and visitors together in a joyful atmosphere.

Festa de Nossa Senhora da Anunciada
When: May
Where: Santiago do Cacém
A religious festival in honor of Our Lady of the Annunciation, marked by processions, music, dancing, and regional food stalls in the charming town of Santiago do Cacém.

Festival de Música de Sines
When: July
Where: Sines
A popular music festival that celebrates diverse genres, from jazz to world music, set against the backdrop of the stunning coastal town of Sines.

Festa de Nossa Senhora da Graça
When: August
Where: Odemira
A traditional festival honoring Our Lady of Grace, with a focus on processions, live music, dancing, and community gatherings in the scenic town of Odemira.

Feira de São Mateus
When: August
Where: Elvas
A centuries-old fair celebrating the feast of St. Matthew, featuring livestock markets, agricultural exhibitions, and a vibrant cultural program with music, food, and dancing.

Festa de Fado
When: July
Where: Lisbon, but includes Alentejo towns
A celebration of Fado music, Portugal’s traditional genre, with performances in Évora and other towns, bringing soulful music and cultural expression to the region.

Festa da Liberdade
When: April
Where: Beja
A festival commemorating the Carnation Revolution, with historical reenactments, street performances, and talks reflecting on the peaceful revolution of 1974.

Feira de Artesanato e Gastronomia de Beja
When: September
Where: Beja
A fair dedicated to showcasing the region’s artisanal crafts and traditional cuisine, with local producers offering hand-made goods and delicious Alentejo specialties.

Festival Internacional de Guitarra de Guimarães
When: October
Where: Guimarães
A classical guitar festival with international artists performing in Guimarães, bringing music lovers together for concerts and masterclasses throughout the region.