Complete Guide to North West Ireland (2025)

Donegal Ireland

Nestled in the northwest of the Republic of Ireland, just shy of Northern Ireland, County Donegal remains one of the last wild frontiers of the country, relatively untamed even in the interconnected age of the 21st century. With Ireland’s second-longest stretch of coastline, Donegal’s rugged shores battle constantly against the fierce winds and waves, offering breathtakingly beautiful beaches that attract surf enthusiasts from around the world. Known as the unofficial surf capital of Ireland, Donegal’s surf centers and ideal conditions make it a hidden gem for wave riders.

Traveling south to County Sligo, the surf culture continues to thrive, particularly in the town of Sligo, celebrated for its rich surf scene and impressive waves. Further south lies County Mayo, a region that combines rocky coastal cliffs with vast expanses of peatland and the ruins of ancient villages, adding a mystic and haunting quality to the landscape. The well-preserved Georgian town of Westport in County Mayo, with its stone bridges and 18th-century architecture, caps off this evocative and unforgettable part of northwest Ireland.

Region map of North West Ireland

Cities of North West Ireland

Sligo

Sligo
pexels / Andras Stefuca

Sligo is a paradise for outdoor enthusiasts. This breathtaking Irish county offers a stunning array of tourist attractions, making you feel as if you’ve stepped into a postcard.

With crystal-clear lakes, sparkling rivers, and towering mountains, Sligo’s natural beauty is simply awe-inspiring. Pristine beaches have recently become a haven for surfers, thanks to the powerful Atlantic waves rolling in.

In addition to its natural wonders, Sligo is rich in history, mythology, music, art, and poetry. Known as W.B. Yeats country, it is the birthplace of Ireland’s most famous poet. As captured in Yeats’ works, this stretch of northwest Ireland is wild, unspoiled, and deeply romantic, far removed from the hustle and bustle of Dublin and the larger cities.

View our Sligo Guide

History of North West Ireland

Prehistoric Times in North West Ireland

The North West of Ireland has been inhabited for thousands of years, with evidence of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers found in areas such as the Glenveagh National Park. Neolithic settlers constructed megalithic monuments, such as burial cairns and stone circles, and engaged in early farming. The region’s rich archaeological sites, such as Creevykeel Court Tomb and Carrowmore Megalithic Cemetery, provide insights into the lives of these early communities.

North West Ireland in the Celtic and Early Christian Periods

During the Iron Age, the region was home to Celtic tribes who contributed to the spread of the Gaelic language and culture. The arrival of Christianity in the 5th century brought significant change. Monastic settlements, such as Gallen Priory and Inishmurray Island, became centers of learning and religious life, particularly in the Sligo and Donegal areas. These settlements thrived during the Early Christian period and became key sites for pilgrimage.

North West Ireland in the Viking and Norman Periods

The Vikings arrived in Ireland in the 8th century and established settlements along the coast. In the North West, they created trading posts and fortified settlements, leaving a lasting influence on the region’s trade networks and coastal communities. By the 12th century, the Normans began to expand their influence in Ireland, building castles and fortifications, including Bunratty Castle. The Norman conquest led to the establishment of towns like Sligo and Donegal, where they held control over much of the region.

North West Ireland in the Gaelic Resurgence and Tudor Period

Despite the Norman presence, the North West remained a stronghold of Gaelic Ireland. Powerful families, such as the O’Donnells in Donegal, retained control over much of the area throughout the medieval period. In the late 16th century, during the Tudor conquest, the Gaelic lords were weakened by English forces. The Battle of Kinsale in 1601 marked the end of major Gaelic resistance in the North West, leading to the surrender and later the Flight of the Earls in 1607, which further diminished native Gaelic power.

North West Ireland in the 17th and 18th Centuries

The 17th and 18th centuries saw significant political and social change in the North West. Following the Flight of the Earls, English settlers began to take control of much of Donegal and Tyrone, altering the region’s demographic and political landscape. During the 18th century, the plantation system introduced by the English brought Protestant settlers to the region, which led to religious tensions and social divisions. The development of the linen industry and the emergence of towns like Derry led to increased economic activity, although poverty remained widespread among the local population.

North West Ireland in the 19th Century

The 19th century was a time of great hardship and change in the North West. The Great Famine of the mid-1800s devastated the region, particularly in Donegal and Sligo, causing widespread starvation and emigration. This period also saw the rise of the Irish independence movement, with the North West playing a key role in the political struggle. Industrialization was slow in the region, with agriculture remaining the dominant economic activity, though Londonderry (Derry) began to grow as an important industrial hub, particularly in shipbuilding and textile manufacturing.

North West Ireland in the 20th Century

The 20th century was marked by political and social upheaval, particularly with the partition of Ireland in 1921. The North West, now part of Northern Ireland, witnessed the turbulent years of The Troubles, a conflict between Catholic nationalists and Protestant unionists. Despite the violence, the region played an important role in the political landscape of Northern Ireland. Derry became a focal point for civil rights protests and later a symbol of the struggle for peace. The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 brought an end to most of the violence, leading to a more stable and prosperous period for the North West.

Contemporary North West Ireland

Today, the North West of Ireland is a region known for its scenic beauty, with rugged coastlines, mountains, and historic towns. Donegal, Sligo, and Leitrim are known for their natural landscapes, thriving cultural scenes, and historical sites. The region has embraced tourism, with visitors drawn to its rich history, traditional music, and outdoor activities such as hiking, surfing, and exploring its heritage sites. The ongoing peace and development have brought economic growth, making the North West an increasingly popular destination for both Irish residents and international visitors.

Best Time to Visit North West Ireland

Visiting North West Ireland in Spring

Spring (March to May) in North West Ireland is mild and refreshing. March sees daytime temperatures around 8°C to 11°C, with cooler nights averaging 2°C to 5°C. By May, temperatures rise to around 14°C to 17°C during the day and 7°C to 10°C at night. Rain is common in early spring, but by May, the weather becomes more pleasant, with blooming flowers and greener landscapes. This is an excellent time to enjoy outdoor activities and explore historical sites.

Visiting North West Ireland in Summer

Summer (June to August) is the warmest time to visit North West Ireland. Daytime temperatures range from 16°C to 20°C, with occasional peaks of 22°C on sunny days. Nights are cool, ranging from 10°C to 14°C. The region experiences longer daylight hours, perfect for exploring coastal towns like Donegal or Sligo and enjoying outdoor events and festivals. Rain is still possible, but overall, summer offers the best weather for sightseeing and enjoying the natural beauty.

Visiting North West Ireland in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) in North West Ireland offers cooler temperatures and stunning autumnal colours. September’s daytime temperatures are around 15°C to 18°C, dropping to 7°C to 9°C at night. By November, temperatures range from 9°C to 12°C during the day, and nights can be as cold as 3°C to 5°C. The weather becomes more unpredictable, with more rainfall, but the region’s natural beauty, particularly in the mountains and forests, is at its peak with vibrant fall foliage.

Visiting North West Ireland in Winter

Winter (December to February) is the coldest time to visit North West Ireland. Daytime temperatures range from 5°C to 8°C, with occasional frosts. Nighttime temperatures can drop to 1°C to 3°C, especially in higher altitudes like the Sligo mountains. Snow is rare but possible in upland areas. While the weather is colder and wetter, this season offers a quiet, peaceful atmosphere perfect for those who want to experience the region’s serene beauty without the summer crowds.

Annual Weather Overview

  • January 6°C
  • February 8°C
  • March 9°C
  • April 12°C
  • May 14°C
  • June 19°C
  • July 18°C
  • August 17°C
  • September 15°C
  • October 11°C
  • November 9°C
  • December 8°C

How to get to North West Ireland

Getting to North West Ireland by Air

North West Ireland is served by several airports that provide both domestic and international flights. The main international airport in the region is Ireland West Airport Knock (NOC), located in County Mayo, which offers flights to and from several European destinations, as well as some UK cities. For those heading to Derry, City of Derry Airport (LDY) offers flights mainly from UK cities. Donegal Airport (CFN) serves the northern part of the region and connects to Dublin and Scotland. These airports provide convenient access to towns such as Sligo, Donegal Town, Derry, and Letterkenny.

Getting to North West Ireland by Train

The train network in North West Ireland connects Derry and Sligo to the rest of the country, with services run by Irish Rail. Sligo is well connected to Dublin by the Enterprise service, and Derry has connections to Belfast via the Translink service. The Derry-Londonderry station offers scenic journeys through Northern Ireland, with easy connections to various towns along the route. These routes are ideal for those looking to explore the countryside while traveling to the region.

Getting to North West Ireland by Bus

Several bus services connect Dublin, Belfast, and Galway to Sligo, Letterkenny, and Donegal. Companies like Bus Éireann and Citylink operate daily routes, offering both standard and express services. Buses are a popular and affordable way to travel around the North West, with frequent services to and from key towns and attractions. The Derry~Londonderry and Sligo bus stations are central points for further travel to surrounding areas.

Getting to North West Ireland by Car

Driving to North West Ireland provides the most flexibility for exploring the region’s scenic beauty. The N15, N13, and N17 roads connect major towns like Sligo, Letterkenny, Donegal, and Derry. The drive between Derry and Sligo is around 2 hours, while Donegal Town is approximately 2.5 hours from Dublin. Car rentals are available at airports and train stations, making it easy to explore coastal villages, the Wild Atlantic Way, and rugged landscapes at your own pace.

Festivals in North West Ireland

City of Derry Jazz & Big Band Festival
When: May
Where: Derry~Londonderry
A vibrant celebration featuring jazz and big band performances from local and international artists, held in various venues across the city.
More info: https://cityofderryjazzfestival.com/

A Taste of Donegal Food Festival
When: August
Where: Donegal Town
A culinary event showcasing local and international cuisine, with cooking demonstrations, food stalls, and live entertainment.
More info: https://www.atasteofdonegal.com/

Disappear Here Film Festival
When: September
Where: Donegal Town
An annual film festival presenting a selection of independent films, documentaries, and shorts, along with filmmaker talks and workshops.
More info: https://www.disappearherefilmfest.com/

Sult Music Festival
When: July
Where: Gweedore, County Donegal
A music festival featuring performances from various artists, set in the scenic surroundings of Gweedore.
More info: https://www.sultmusicfestival.com/

Sligo Walking Festival
When: September
Where: County Sligo
A festival offering guided walks through some of the most beautiful landscapes in the region, suitable for various fitness levels.
More info: https://www.sligowalkingfestival.com/

Clifden Trad Fest
When: April
Where: Clifden, County Galway
A celebration of traditional Irish music featuring concerts, workshops, and sessions with renowned musicians.
More info: https://clifdentradfest.com/

Westival
When: October
Where: Westport, County Mayo
A dynamic arts festival offering a mix of music, theatre, workshops, and exhibitions, celebrating the creative spirit of the community.
More info: https://westival.ie/

Battle for the Lake
When: September
Where: Achill Island, County Mayo
An adventure and music festival that combines water sports competitions with live music performances in a stunning coastal setting.
More info: https://battleforthelake.com/

Clifden Community Arts Festival
When: September
Where: Clifden, County Galway
Ireland’s longest-running community arts festival, featuring a high-quality program of literary, musical, and visual arts events.
More info: https://clifdenartsfestival.ie/

Galway International Arts Festival
When: July
Where: Galway City
A leading cultural event transforming the city into a vibrant hub of theatre, music, visual arts, and street performances.
More info: https://www.giaf.ie/

Galway International Oyster & Seafood Festival
When: September
Where: Galway
Celebrating the region’s rich seafood heritage with oyster-opening championships, seafood tastings, live music, and street parades.
More info: https://galwayoysterandseafoodfestival.com/

Westport Folk and Bluegrass Festival
When: June
Where: Westport, County Mayo
A festival dedicated to folk and bluegrass music, featuring performances, workshops, and jam sessions in a friendly atmosphere.
More info: https://westportfolkandbluegrass.com/

Westport Arts Festival
When: October
Where: Westport, County Mayo
An annual celebration of visual arts, music, theatre, and literature, highlighting the creative talents of the community.
More info: https://westportartsfestival.com/

K-Fest
When: June
Where: Killorglin, County Kerry
A festival celebrating emerging artists across various mediums, including visual arts, music, and performance, set in the picturesque town of Killorglin.
More info: https://kfest.ie/

Dingle Food Festival
When: October
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A celebration of local food producers, offering tastings, cooking demonstrations, and food-related events in the scenic town of Dingle.
More info: https://dinglefood.com/

Dingle Tradfest
When: March
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A festival dedicated to traditional Irish music, featuring concerts, sessions, and workshops with renowned musicians.
More info: https://dingletradfest.com/

Dingle International Film Festival
When: March
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
An annual film festival showcasing independent films, documentaries, and shorts, along with panel discussions and workshops.
More info: https://dinglefilmfest.com/

Dingle Regatta
When: August
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A traditional maritime festival featuring boat races, seafood, music, and family-friendly activities along the harbor.
More info: https://dinglepeninsula.ie/events/dingle-regatta/

Dingle Marathon
When: September
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A marathon event offering scenic routes through the rugged landscapes of the Dingle Peninsula, attracting runners from around the world.
More info: https://dinglemarathon.ie/

Dingle Half Marathon
When: September
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A half marathon race providing participants with breathtaking views of the Dingle Peninsula’s coastline and mountains.
More info: https://dinglemarathon.ie/

Dingle Bay Sailing Club Regatta
When: August
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
A sailing event featuring races, social gatherings, and festivities celebrating the town’s maritime heritage.
More info: https://dinglebaysailingclub.com/

Dingle Bay Coastal Challenge
When: November
Where: Dingle, County Kerry
An adventure race offering participants the chance to explore the stunning coastal landscapes of the Dingle Peninsula.
More info: https://dinglebaycoastalchallenge.com/

Dingle Peninsula Walking Festival
When: May
Where: Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry
A festival offering guided walks through some of the most scenic routes on the Dingle Peninsula, suitable for various fitness levels.
More info: https://dinglewalkingfestival.com/

Dingle Peninsula Marathon