Complete Guide to Calabria (2025)

The region of Calabria, located at the toe of Italy’s boot, has long been remote and impoverished, often overlooked by Italians except for seaside holidays, and relatively unknown to foreign tourists. Despite this, Calabria offers a glimpse into a different side of Italy, along with echoes of its illustrious past over two thousand years ago. Once part of Magna Graecia, Calabria was home to wealthy and powerful Greek colonies, evidenced by artifacts such as the famous Riace bronze statues, now housed in the Museo Nazionale of Reggio Calabria.

Calabria is characterized by its mountainous terrain and numerous remote villages, some historically associated with the local Mafia, the ‘Ndrangheta. While the region’s larger towns are mostly modern and unremarkable, the smaller towns, villages, and rural areas possess significant historic charm. The once-great cities of Magna Graecia have largely disappeared due to fighting, conquest, malaria, and earthquakes. However, the region retains unique cultural enclaves, including Greek-speaking villages and an Albanian community dating back five hundred years.

Today, Calabria’s 780 kilometers of coastline attract most of its summer visitors, with shores facing both the Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas. The regional capital is Catanzaro. Summers are very hot, while winter brings snow to the mountainous areas.

Cities of Calabria

Catanzaro

Visiting Catanzaro, the capital of the Calabria region in southern Italy, offers a unique experience where history, culture, and natural beauty converge. Perched on a hill overlooking the Ionian Sea, Catanzaro is known as the “City of the Two Seas” due to its location between the Ionian and Tyrrhenian seas. The city is steeped in history, with its roots tracing back to ancient times when it was a vital stronghold for the Byzantines and later the Normans. As you explore Catanzaro, you’ll encounter a mix of medieval architecture and modern urban development, with notable sites like the Catanzaro Cathedral, the Norman Castle ruins, and the 16th-century Church of San Giovanni offering glimpses into the city’s rich past.

Beyond its historical sites, Catanzaro is also a gateway to the stunning landscapes of Calabria. The city’s proximity to the Sila National Park makes it an excellent base for nature lovers who want to explore the park’s dense forests, rolling hills, and picturesque lakes. Catanzaro’s coastline, particularly the nearby beaches of Catanzaro Lido, offers pristine waters and golden sands, perfect for a relaxing day by the sea. The city is also known for its vibrant cultural scene, with events like the Magna Graecia Film Festival and the lively local markets providing a taste of Calabrian life. Whether you’re interested in history, nature, or simply enjoying authentic Italian culture, Catanzaro offers a multifaceted experience in the heart of southern Italy.

View our Catanzaro Guide

Castrovillari

CC BY-SA 3.0 / Martire Domenico

Visiting Castrovillari, a charming town in the Calabria region of southern Italy, offers a journey into a place rich in history and surrounded by natural beauty. Nestled at the foot of the Pollino Massif, Castrovillari serves as a gateway to the Pollino National Park, the largest national park in Italy. The town itself is steeped in history, with its origins dating back to Roman times. The Aragonese Castle, a fortress from the 15th century, stands as a testament to its medieval past, offering visitors a glimpse into the town’s strategic importance throughout history. The historic center, with its narrow streets, traditional houses, and ancient churches, invites exploration, providing a true sense of the town’s heritage and culture.

Beyond its historical attractions, Castrovillari is a perfect base for outdoor enthusiasts looking to explore the surrounding Pollino National Park. The park is renowned for its diverse landscapes, ranging from rugged mountains to lush forests and deep gorges. Hiking, birdwatching, and exploring the rich biodiversity of the park are popular activities for visitors. In addition to its natural and historical appeal, Castrovillari hosts several cultural events throughout the year, including the famous Carnival of Castrovillari, which is one of the oldest and most colorful in Calabria. Whether you’re interested in history, nature, or local traditions, Castrovillari offers a unique and enriching experience in the heart of southern Italy.

View our Castrovillari Guide

Cosenza

CC BY-SA 4.0 / Pianopera

Cosenza, a vibrant city in the Calabria region of southern Italy, offers a rich blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. Known as the “Athens of Calabria,” Cosenza is one of Italy’s oldest cities, with roots that trace back to ancient times. The city’s historic center is a maze of narrow, winding streets, medieval buildings, and charming squares, all centered around the imposing Norman-Swabian Castle that overlooks the town. The Duomo, or Cosenza Cathedral, is another highlight, showcasing stunning Romanesque architecture and a history that spans nearly a millennium. Walking through Cosenza’s old town feels like stepping back in time, with each corner revealing layers of history and tradition.

In addition to its historical treasures, Cosenza is also a gateway to exploring the natural beauty of Calabria. The nearby Sila National Park, with its dense forests, rolling hills, and serene lakes, offers numerous opportunities for outdoor activities like hiking, cycling, and birdwatching. The city itself is vibrant and lively, with a thriving cultural scene that includes theaters, art galleries, and regular festivals. Cosenza’s modern side is well-represented by its contemporary art installations, such as the sculptures along Corso Mazzini, which turn the main shopping street into an open-air museum. Whether you’re interested in history, culture, or nature, Cosenza provides a unique and enriching experience in the heart of southern Italy.

View our Cosenza Guide

History of Calabria

Prehistoric Times in Calabria

The history of Calabria dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of early human settlements found in caves such as Grotta del Romito, which contains ancient cave paintings. The region was inhabited by prehistoric communities who left behind significant artifacts, including tools and pottery. The Neolithic and Bronze Age saw the development of more complex societies, with hilltop villages and fortified settlements. These early inhabitants engaged in farming, animal domestication, and trade with neighboring regions, marking Calabria as a hub of early Mediterranean culture.

Calabria in the Greek and Roman Periods

Calabria became an important area during the Greek colonization in the 8th century BCE. The Greeks founded several colonies along the coast, most notably Locri, Crotone, and Reggio Calabria, which became powerful city-states. The region was known for its thriving trade, philosophy, and athletic competitions, with Crotone being the home of the famous philosopher Pythagoras. During the Roman period, Calabria was integrated into the Roman Empire as part of the province of Lucania. The Romans expanded infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and cities, and Calabria flourished under Roman rule.

Calabria in the Middle Ages

Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Calabria came under the control of various barbarian groups, including the Ostrogoths and Byzantines. In the 6th century CE, the region became part of the Byzantine Empire, and many of its coastal towns became important administrative and military centers. During the Middle Ages, Calabria experienced frequent invasions and shifts in power, including the Norman conquest in the 11th century. The Normans established control over Calabria and built numerous castles throughout the region. Later, the Swabians and the Aragonese also ruled Calabria, leaving their mark on the region’s architecture, governance, and culture.

Calabria in the Early Modern Period

In the 16th century, Calabria became part of the Spanish Kingdom of Naples, which significantly influenced its political and economic landscape. During this time, Calabria faced frequent pirate raids and struggles between local aristocrats for power. The Spanish Habsburgs maintained control over the region until the 18th century, when Naples became part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The region experienced periods of instability and economic decline, although it remained an important agricultural area, particularly for olive oil, wine, and citrus production.

Calabria in the 19th and 20th Centuries

In the 19th century, following the unification of Italy, Calabria became part of the new Kingdom of Italy. The region struggled with poverty, underdevelopment, and frequent political unrest, and many Calabrians emigrated, particularly to the Americas, seeking better opportunities. The 20th century saw Calabria continue to face economic challenges, with the rise of organized crime, notably the ‘Ndrangheta, which became entrenched in the region’s social and political life. Despite these difficulties, Calabria also saw significant growth in tourism, particularly along its stunning coastlines and historic towns.

Contemporary Calabria

Today, Calabria is known for its rich cultural heritage, beautiful landscapes, and historical landmarks. While still facing economic challenges, particularly in rural areas, the region has made strides in revitalizing its economy through agriculture, tourism, and the production of local crafts. Its historic towns, such as Reggio Calabria, Crotone, and Catanzaro, attract visitors for their ancient ruins, medieval castles, and vibrant festivals. The region continues to celebrate its unique identity, blending ancient traditions with modern influences in a stunning Mediterranean setting.

Best Time to Visit Calabria

Visiting Calabria in Spring

Spring (March to May) in Calabria is a beautiful time to visit, with daytime temperatures ranging from 10°C in March to 18°C by May. Nights are cool, averaging 4°C to 8°C, with occasional cold spells in March. By May, temperatures are more comfortable for outdoor activities, with milder evenings and warm, pleasant days. The region’s landscapes start to bloom, making it a great time for hiking, sightseeing, and enjoying the coastline.

Visiting Calabria in Summer

Summer (June to August) in Calabria brings warm, sunny weather, with daytime temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C, and sometimes higher during heatwaves. Nights remain mild, with temperatures averaging 18°C to 22°C. The coastal areas benefit from sea breezes, but inland temperatures can be hotter. The summer is ideal for enjoying the beaches and coastal towns, but be prepared for higher humidity, especially in the southern parts of the region.

Visiting Calabria in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) in Calabria offers mild and comfortable weather. September still enjoys summer-like temperatures, ranging from 20°C to 26°C during the day, and cooling to 14°C to 18°C at night. By November, daytime temperatures drop to around 12°C to 16°C, with nights ranging from 6°C to 10°C. Autumn is perfect for exploring Calabria’s natural beauty, with fewer crowds, cooler weather, and stunning autumn foliage in the countryside.

Visiting Calabria in Winter

Winter (December to February) in Calabria is mild compared to other parts of Italy. Daytime temperatures average 10°C to 15°C, with colder spells that can drop to 4°C to 6°C in the evenings. Coastal areas generally remain warmer, while inland regions and mountain areas can experience colder temperatures, especially at higher elevations. Snow is rare on the coast but can be found in the Sila Mountains. This is a quieter time to visit, ideal for those looking for a peaceful retreat.

Annual Weather Overview

January 10°C
February 11°C
March 13°C
April 16°C
May 20°C
June 29°C
July 31°C
August 30°C
September 26°C
October 22°C
November 13°C
December 10°C

How to get to Calabria

Getting to Calabria by Air

Calabria is well-connected by air, with several airports serving the region. Lamezia Terme International Airport (SUF) is the largest and most important airport in Calabria, located near the city of Lamezia Terme. It offers domestic flights as well as international connections to various European destinations. For those traveling to Reggio Calabria, the Reggio Calabria Airport (REG) offers flights to and from major Italian cities. Another option is Crotone Airport (CRV), which serves the town of Crotone and has domestic flights, primarily from Milan.

Getting to Calabria by Train

The region is well-served by Italy’s Trenitalia rail network. Reggio Calabria is a major rail hub in the region, with direct trains from Rome and other major Italian cities. Trains from Naples and Rome to Lamezia Terme and Vibo Valentia are also frequent, making it easy to travel by train into the region. The journey from Rome to Reggio Calabria takes around 6-7 hours, while travel from Naples is approximately 3.5 hours.

Getting to Calabria by Bus

There are several bus companies operating long-distance routes to Calabria from other parts of Italy. Bus Éireann and FlixBus are popular options for travelers heading to Reggio Calabria, Lamezia Terme, and Vibo Valentia. The buses connect these towns to other Italian cities, offering a convenient and affordable way to get around the region. The bus stations in Reggio Calabria and Lamezia Terme are well connected to local transport networks, making it easy to continue your journey through Calabria.

Getting to Calabria by Car

Driving is one of the most flexible and scenic ways to reach Calabria. The A2 motorway (Autostrada del Mediterraneo) connects Salerno in the north with Reggio Calabria in the south, passing through Lamezia Terme and Vibo Valentia. From Naples, it takes about 4-5 hours to reach Reggio Calabria, and around 2.5 hours to reach Lamezia Terme. Renting a car allows you to explore the coastline, mountain villages, and historic sites at your own pace, providing an opportunity to visit towns like Tropea, Scilla, and Cosenza while enjoying the breathtaking views of the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas.

Festivals in Calabria

Fiera di San Giuseppe
When: March
Where: Cosenza
A historic fair established in 1234 by Frederick II, featuring numerous stalls, local crafts, and cultural events along the streets of Cosenza.
More info: https://www.comune.cosenza.it/

Festa del Cioccolato
When: October
Where: Cosenza
An annual chocolate festival with over fifty chocolatiers showcasing their creations, accompanied by entertainment and cultural activities.
More info: https://www.comune.cosenza.it/

Festa delle Invasioni
When: July
Where: Cosenza
A cultural festival featuring music, theater, and art performances in the historic center of Cosenza.
More info: https://www.comune.cosenza.it/

Roccella Jazz Festival
When: August
Where: Roccella Ionica
An international jazz festival held in the picturesque Anfiteatro del Castello, attracting artists and audiences from around the world.
More info: https://www.roccellajazz.com/

Palio di Ribusa
When: August
Where: Stilo
A historical reenactment featuring archery contests and medieval pageantry, celebrating the town’s heritage.
More info: https://www.comune.stilo.rc.it/

Sagra dello Stocco
When: August
Where: Mammola
A gastronomic festival dedicated to the traditional preparation of stockfish, offering tastings and culinary demonstrations.
More info: https://www.comune.mammola.rc.it/

Armonie d’Arte Festival
When: August
Where: Various towns
A series of classical music concerts held in historic venues across Calabria, featuring both local and international artists.
More info: https://www.armonieartfestival.it/

Taranta Festival
When: August
Where: Caulonia
A celebration of traditional Calabrian music and dance, particularly the Tarantella, with performances and workshops.
More info: https://www.comune.caulonia.rc.it/

Festa di Maria Santissima del Carmelo
When: July
Where: Roccella Ionica
A religious festival featuring processions, fireworks, and cultural events in honor of the Madonna del Carmelo.
More info: https://www.comune.roccellajonica.rc.it/

Festa di San Rocco
When: August
Where: Palmi
A traditional festival honoring San Rocco, with processions, music, and communal gatherings.
More info: https://www.comune.palmi.rc.it/

Festa della Madonna della Consolazione
When: September
Where: Reggio Calabria
A religious celebration featuring processions and cultural events in honor of the city’s patroness.
More info: https://www.reggiocal.it/

Festa di Maria Santissima del Soccorso
When: August
Where: Palmi
A vibrant festival with processions, music, and community activities celebrating the Madonna del Soccorso.
More info: https://www.comune.palmi.rc.it/

Festa di San Giorgio
When: April
Where: Martone
A traditional celebration honoring San Giorgio, featuring religious ceremonies and local festivities.
More info: https://www.comune.martone.rc.it/

Fiera di Sant’Arcangelo
When: October
Where: Delianuova
An annual fair showcasing local crafts, agricultural products, and traditional Calabrian cuisine.
More info: https://www.comune.delianuova.rc.it/

Festa di San Giovanni Battista
When: June
Where: Sinopoli
A religious and cultural event honoring St. John the Baptist, with processions and local festivities.
More info: https://www.comune.sinopoli.rc.it/

Festa della Madonna del Rosario
When: October
Where: Bagnara Calabra
A religious festival featuring processions, music, and community gatherings in honor of the Madonna del Rosario.
More info: https://www.comune.bagnaracalabra.rc.it/

Festa di San Nicola da Bari
When: December
Where: Ciminà
A traditional celebration honoring St. Nicholas, with religious ceremonies and local festivities.
More info: https://www.comune.cimina.rc.it/

Festa di San Giovanni Evangelista
When: December
Where: Motta San Giovanni
A religious and cultural event celebrating St. John the Evangelist, with processions and community activities.
More info: https://www.comune.mottasangiovanni.rc.it/

Festa di Maria Santissima Immacolata
When: December
Where: Palmi
A celebration of the Immaculate Conception, featuring processions, music, and communal gatherings.
More info: https://www.comune.palmi.rc.it/

Presepe Vivente
When: December
Where: Fiumara
A living nativity scene depicting the birth of Jesus, with actors, animals, and traditional settings.
More info: https://www.comune.fiumara.rc.it/

Presepe Artistico Meccanizzato
When: December
Where: Caulonia
An artistic nativity scene with mechanized figures, showcasing traditional Calabrian craftsmanship.
More info: https://www.comune.caulonia.rc.it/

Fiera di San Nicola
When: December
Where: Ciminà
An annual fair honoring St. Nicholas, featuring local crafts, food, and cultural events.
More info: https://www.comune.cimina.rc.it/