Ait Ben Haddou: The Complete Guide
Aït Benhaddou is a historic ighrem or ksar (fortified village) along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakesh in Morocco. It is considered a great example of Moroccan earthen clay architecture and has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1987.
Located in the foothills on the southern slopes of the High Atlas in the Province of Ouarzazate, the site of Ait-Ben-Haddou is the most famous ksar in the Ounila Valley. The Ksar of Aït-Ben-Haddou is a striking example of southern Moroccan architecture. The ksar is a mainly collective grouping of dwellings. Inside the defensive walls which are reinforced by angle towers and pierced with a baffle gate, houses crowd together – some modest, others resembling small urban castles with their high angle towers and upper sections decorated with motifs in clay brick – but there are also buildings and community areas. It is an extraordinary ensemble of buildings offering a complete panorama of pre-Saharan earthen construction techniques. The oldest constructions do not appear to be earlier than the 17th century, although their structure and technique were propagated from a very early period in the valleys of southern Morocco. The site was also one of the many trading posts on the commercial route linking ancient Sudan to Marrakesh by the Dra Valley and the Tizi-n’Telouet Pass. Architecturally, the living quarters form a compact grouping, closed and suspended. The community areas of the ksar include a mosque, a public square, grain threshing areas outside the ramparts, a fortification and a loft at the top of the village, an caravanserai, two cemeteries (Muslim and Jewish) and the Sanctuary of the Saint Sidi Ali or Amer. The Ksar of Ait- Ben-Haddou is a perfect synthesis of earthen architecture of the pre-Saharan regions of Morocco.
History of Ait Ben Haddou
Early History of Ait Ben Haddou
Ait Ben Haddou is a historic ksar (fortified village) situated along the former caravan route between the Sahara and Marrakesh in Morocco. The origins of the settlement date back to at least the 11th century, during the Almoravid period, when it served as a key trading post. The village played a crucial role in the trans-Saharan trade, facilitating the exchange of goods such as salt, gold, and slaves.
Ait Ben Haddou in the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, Ait Ben Haddou flourished as a bustling center for commerce and culture. The village’s strategic location made it a vital stopping point for caravans traveling across the vast desert. The ksar’s unique architecture, characterized by earthen buildings, defensive walls, and corner towers, reflected its importance and the need for protection against potential invaders.
Architectural Significance of Ait Ben Haddou
Ait Ben Haddou is renowned for its distinctive architecture, which is a prime example of traditional Moroccan earthen clay architecture. The structures within the ksar are built using rammed earth and clay bricks, which provide natural insulation against the harsh desert climate. The village’s layout includes a series of interconnected buildings, narrow alleyways, and communal spaces, showcasing the ingenuity of its builders.
Ait Ben Haddou in Modern Times
In the 20th century, Ait Ben Haddou’s significance as a trading post diminished with the advent of modern transportation routes. However, its historical and architectural value gained recognition, leading to efforts to preserve and restore the ksar. In 1987, Ait Ben Haddou was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site, highlighting its cultural and historical importance.
Ait Ben Haddou in Popular Culture
Ait Ben Haddou has gained international fame as a filming location for numerous movies and television series. Its well-preserved and visually stunning architecture has provided the backdrop for films such as “Lawrence of Arabia,” “Gladiator,” and “Game of Thrones.” This exposure has further boosted the village’s popularity as a tourist destination.
Ait Ben Haddou Today
Today, Ait Ben Haddou is a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from around the world who come to admire its historic architecture and scenic beauty. While many of the village’s original inhabitants have relocated to nearby areas, some families still reside within the ksar, maintaining its cultural heritage. The site continues to be a testament to Morocco’s rich history and architectural ingenuity.
Visiting Ait Ben Haddou for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Ait Ben Haddou on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!
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Best places to See in
1. Explore the Ksar of Ait Ben Haddou
Wander through the narrow alleys and ancient buildings of the Ksar of Ait Ben Haddou, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its stunning earthen architecture.
2. Visit the Granary
Climb up to the granary at the top of the ksar for panoramic views of the village and the surrounding desert landscape, offering a perfect photo opportunity.
3. Discover the Historical Kasbahs
Explore the well-preserved kasbahs, or fortified homes, within Ait Ben Haddou. Each kasbah tells a story of the town’s rich history and cultural significance.
4. Walk Along the Ounila River
Take a leisurely walk along the Ounila River, which runs beside the ksar. The river adds a touch of greenery to the otherwise arid landscape and offers a serene escape.
5. Learn About the History at the Local Museum
Visit the local museum to learn more about the history, culture, and traditions of Ait Ben Haddou and the surrounding region. It provides a deeper understanding of this historic site.
6. Enjoy Traditional Moroccan Cuisine
Dine at one of the local restaurants and enjoy traditional Moroccan dishes such as tagine, couscous, and mint tea. The local cuisine is a highlight of any visit to Ait Ben Haddou.
7. Visit the Nearby Town of Ouarzazate
Take a short trip to the nearby town of Ouarzazate, known as the “Gateway to the Sahara.” Explore its film studios, kasbahs, and the Taourirt Kasbah.
8. Experience a Camel Ride
Experience the traditional mode of desert transport by taking a camel ride around Ait Ben Haddou. It’s a fun and unique way to see the area.
9. Watch the Sunset Over the Ksar
Find a good vantage point to watch the sunset over Ait Ben Haddou. The changing light casts beautiful shadows and highlights the warm hues of the earthen buildings.
10. Take a Day Trip to the Atlas Mountains
Plan a day trip to the Atlas Mountains to enjoy hiking and exploring the stunning natural landscapes. The mountains offer a refreshing contrast to the desert scenery.
