Complete Guide to Wallonia (2025)

Wallonia is a region known for its rolling hills, dense forests, and a strong sense of cultural identity rooted in French-speaking traditions. It contrasts with the flatter landscapes of Flanders by offering more rural charm and natural beauty, particularly in the Ardennes, where hiking, kayaking, and nature tourism are especially popular. The countryside is dotted with quaint villages, limestone caves, castles, and abbeys that preserve centuries-old heritage.
The cities of Wallonia each bring their own character: Namur, the regional capital, sits gracefully at the confluence of two rivers beneath an imposing citadel; Liège, vibrant and industrial, pulses with student life and nightlife; Mons boasts impressive art and architecture; while Charleroi, despite a gritty reputation, is undergoing a cultural revival with museums and urban art. Smaller towns like Durbuy and Dinant attract visitors with postcard-worthy scenery and historic charm.
Economically, Wallonia has faced challenges transitioning from its industrial past—dominated by coal and steel—to a more diversified economy. Yet its cultural life remains rich, with folklore festivals, medieval reenactments, and a deep devotion to gastronomy and brewing. French is the dominant language, and traditions often align more with neighboring France than northern Belgium, creating a unique and warm identity that shapes everyday life.
Table of Contents
- Cities of Wallonia
- History of Wallonia
- Wallonia in Ancient and Roman Times
- Wallonia during the Medieval Period
- Wallonia from the Renaissance to the 18th Century
- Wallonia in the Industrial and Modern Era
- Cities of Wallonia
- Best Time to Visit Wallonia
- How to get to Wallonia
- Getting to Wallonia by Air
- Getting to Wallonia by Train
- Getting to Wallonia by Car
- Getting Around Wallonia
- Festivals in Wallonia
Cities of Wallonia
Namur

Visiting Namur offers a delightful blend of cultural charm and natural beauty, making it a standout destination in the Wallonia region. The city sits at the confluence of the Meuse and Sambre rivers, providing picturesque views and plenty of opportunities for riverside walks and boat trips. Namur’s compact city centre is easily walkable, filled with quaint streets, lively squares, and a good mix of shops, cafes, and restaurants where visitors can enjoy local specialties.
One of the highlights of visiting Namur is exploring the Citadel, which towers above the city and offers spectacular panoramic views of the surrounding area. The fortress itself has extensive tunnels and ramparts to discover, and its green spaces provide a peaceful retreat from the bustling streets below. Throughout the year, the city hosts various festivals and cultural events that reflect the vibrant spirit of the region, adding extra appeal to any visit.
Namur is also a great base for exploring the broader Wallonia area, with easy access to charming towns and natural parks nearby. Whether you’re interested in leisurely hikes, historic sites, or simply soaking up the local atmosphere, Namur’s location makes it a perfect starting point for a well-rounded trip. The city’s welcoming vibe and scenic setting ensure that visitors leave with memorable experiences.
View our Namur GuideLiège

Visiting Liège offers a dynamic experience in the Wallonia region, blending vibrant city life with rich cultural attractions. The city is known for its lively markets, diverse dining scene, and beautiful river views along the Meuse. Walking through its bustling streets, you’ll find a mix of contemporary architecture and historic buildings that give the city a unique charm. Liège is especially appealing to those who enjoy exploring both urban and scenic environments without straying far.
The city’s cultural scene is impressive, with numerous museums, theaters, and galleries to discover. Highlights include art exhibitions and performances that showcase both local talent and international artists. Liège’s numerous cafes and bars provide a perfect place to relax and soak up the local atmosphere after a day of sightseeing. The city’s layout makes it easy to explore on foot, offering plenty of picturesque spots and lively squares to linger in.
Liège’s location within Wallonia means it’s a great base for exploring the wider region, including nearby natural parks and smaller towns known for their charm and history. Visitors can easily combine a stay in the city with day trips to scenic countryside areas or cultural sites. With its welcoming vibe and variety of attractions, Liège suits travelers looking for a blend of culture, cuisine, and easy access to nature.
View our Liège GuideMons

Visiting Mons offers a delightful experience in the heart of the Wallonia region, where historic charm blends seamlessly with modern culture. The city’s compact center makes it easy to explore on foot, with picturesque streets, vibrant squares, and lively cafés inviting visitors to soak up the local atmosphere. Mons is well known for its cultural events and festivals, making it a lively destination throughout the year.
One of the highlights of visiting Mons is its rich artistic scene, with museums and galleries showcasing both traditional and contemporary works. The Grand Place, the city’s main square, is often buzzing with activity and is a perfect spot to start your visit. The nearby Saint Waltrude Collegiate Church and the Belfry tower add to the city’s scenic and architectural appeal.
Mons is also a great base for exploring the surrounding Walloon countryside, with opportunities for scenic walks and visits to nearby villages. The city offers a balance of history, culture, and nature, making it a rewarding destination for travelers looking to experience authentic Belgium beyond the more tourist-heavy cities.
View our Mons GuideCharleroi

Visiting Charleroi offers a unique experience in the Walloon region of Belgium, known for its industrial heritage and evolving urban culture. The city provides a mix of old and new, with post-industrial architecture sitting alongside contemporary art spaces and revitalized neighborhoods. It’s a destination where visitors can explore authentic Belgian life beyond the more typical tourist spots, making it an interesting choice for travelers looking to discover something different.
Charleroi is also becoming a hub for street art, with colorful murals and installations scattered throughout the city, giving it a vibrant, creative atmosphere. The cultural scene includes theaters, galleries, and museums, such as the Musée des Beaux-Arts, showcasing a blend of classic and modern works. This dynamic artistic vibe, combined with a variety of local eateries and cafes, makes Charleroi a lively place to explore on foot.
The city’s location in the southern part of Belgium means it’s well connected to other Walloon towns and easily accessible from Brussels and Namur. Visitors can enjoy nearby natural attractions along the Sambre River or take day trips to surrounding historic towns. Despite its industrial past, Charleroi is transforming into a destination that balances culture, creativity, and accessibility for those keen to experience a different side of Belgium.
View our Charleroi GuideSpa

Visiting Spa, Belgium, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and wellness tradition in the picturesque Ardennes region. Known worldwide for its mineral-rich waters, Spa has long been a destination for those seeking relaxation and rejuvenation. The town’s serene parks and beautiful surrounding forests provide a peaceful setting for leisurely walks or cycling, making it ideal for nature lovers who want to escape the bustle of city life.
Spa’s vibrant town center is full of charming cafes, restaurants, and shops where visitors can enjoy local cuisine and artisan products. The town also hosts a variety of cultural events and festivals throughout the year, offering a chance to experience Belgian hospitality and traditions firsthand. Whether you’re there for a spa treatment or to explore, the lively atmosphere combined with the town’s historic charm makes it a delightful place to visit.
For those interested in wellness, Spa is home to modern spa facilities and thermal baths that continue the town’s legacy as a health retreat. Visitors can indulge in treatments using the famous mineral waters, designed to relax the body and soothe the mind. This mix of natural healing and leisure activities ensures that a trip to Spa is both refreshing and enriching, perfect for a peaceful getaway in the scenic Ardennes area.
View our Spa GuideDinant

Visiting Dinant offers a captivating experience nestled in the scenic Meuse Valley, an area known for its stunning river views and dramatic cliffs. The town’s compact size makes it perfect for exploring on foot, with charming streets lined by colorful houses and quaint shops. Dinant’s location along the Meuse River means visitors can enjoy leisurely walks along the waterfront, taking in the peaceful ambiance and watching the boats drift by.
Dinant is also a great base for outdoor activities in the surrounding Ardennes region, where nature lovers can hike, cycle, or kayak in lush, green landscapes. The cliffs and hills around the town provide beautiful viewpoints, making it a favorite spot for photographers and those seeking serene natural beauty. The nearby caves and nature reserves add an adventurous side to a visit, offering plenty of opportunities to explore the geological wonders of the area.
The town’s compact center has a welcoming atmosphere with cafés and restaurants that invite visitors to sample local Belgian cuisine, often enjoyed with views of the river or the imposing citadel above. Dinant’s blend of natural charm, outdoor activities, and a relaxed small-town feel make it a delightful destination for a day trip or a longer stay in the heart of the Meuse Valley.
View our Dinant GuideTournai

Visiting Tournai offers a charming experience in the heart of the Wallonia region of Belgium, known for its rich cultural heritage and striking medieval architecture. The city’s compact size makes it ideal for leisurely exploration on foot, where you can admire the stunning Gothic and Romanesque buildings that define its skyline. Tournai’s position along the Scheldt River adds to its picturesque atmosphere, providing pleasant riverside walks and quaint café spots to relax and soak in the local vibe.
Tournai is well-regarded for its artistic and cultural scene, with several museums, galleries, and theaters that showcase the area’s vibrant heritage and contemporary creativity. Art lovers will especially enjoy visiting the Museum of Fine Arts, which houses works from both local and international artists. The city also hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, enriching the visitor experience with music, food, and traditions that highlight the unique character of this part of Wallonia.
Nature lovers and outdoor enthusiasts will find Tournai’s surrounding countryside an appealing destination for day trips. The gently rolling landscapes of the region offer opportunities for cycling, hiking, and exploring quaint villages nearby. Whether you’re interested in cultural immersion or simply relaxing in a charming Belgian town, Tournai provides a welcoming gateway to the beauty and history of southern Belgium.
View our Tournai GuideLa Roche-en-Ardenne

Visiting La Roche-en-Ardenne offers a wonderful opportunity to explore a picturesque town nestled in the heart of the Ardennes region. Known for its natural beauty, the area is surrounded by dense forests, rolling hills, and the winding Ourthe River, making it a perfect destination for outdoor enthusiasts. Whether you enjoy hiking, kayaking, or simply soaking in tranquil landscapes, La Roche-en-Ardenne serves as a gateway to some of the most scenic spots in the Ardennes.
The town itself has a charming small-town feel with cobbled streets, local shops, and cozy cafes where you can relax after a day of adventure. It’s also well-known for its medieval castle ruins perched on a rocky outcrop overlooking the valley, offering panoramic views that are especially stunning during the changing seasons. The combination of natural surroundings and quaint urban charm makes it a great place for a peaceful getaway or a family trip.
La Roche-en-Ardenne is located within the larger Ardennes area, which stretches across southeastern Belgium. This makes it an ideal base for exploring the wider region, including nearby nature parks, quaint villages, and historic sites. The Ardennes’ reputation for outdoor activities and rich cultural heritage means visitors can easily balance days of exploration with leisurely evenings enjoying local cuisine and hospitality.
View our La Roche-en-Ardenne GuideWaterloo

Visiting Waterloo offers a fascinating experience in the Walloon Brabant province of Belgium, blending open countryside with a well-developed urban setting. The town is surrounded by gently rolling hills and farmland, making it an appealing destination for those who enjoy walking and exploring at a leisurely pace. The atmosphere is calm yet steeped in historical character, with plenty of signage and local tours to help orient visitors and guide them through the area’s significance.
Beyond the battlefield, Waterloo boasts a pleasant town center with restaurants, cafés, and shops. It’s a great place to enjoy Belgian cuisine or take a quiet stroll after a day of sightseeing. The local markets and bakeries give a taste of daily life in the region, and there are several green spaces where you can pause and soak up the slower pace of life. The mix of heritage sites and modern amenities ensures there’s something for every kind of traveler.
The area also serves as a convenient base for exploring more of Walloon Brabant and even Brussels, which is just a short drive or train ride away. Whether you’re coming for a weekend break or including Waterloo as a stop on a longer journey, the town’s blend of historical importance and easy-going charm makes it well worth a visit. The nearby countryside is perfect for cycling or taking scenic drives, making the broader region enjoyable to explore as well.
View our Waterloo GuideHistory of Wallonia
Wallonia in Ancient and Roman Times
Long before Wallonia bore its current name, the region was inhabited by Celtic tribes such as the Eburones and Nervii. By the 1st century BCE, it became part of the Roman Empire, incorporated into the province of Gallia Belgica. The Romans established roads, forts, and towns—like Arlon and Tournai—which became administrative and trade centers. Latin influence endured through language and infrastructure, shaping much of the region’s early development.
Wallonia during the Medieval Period
In the Middle Ages, Wallonia was a patchwork of feudal territories, abbeys, and prince-bishoprics. The Prince-Bishopric of Liège became especially powerful, maintaining a degree of independence within the Holy Roman Empire. Towns like Huy, Namur, and Dinant flourished through metalwork and trade along the Meuse River. Gothic churches, castles, and fortifications from this time still dominate the skyline in many places today.
Wallonia from the Renaissance to the 18th Century
Wallonia changed hands repeatedly during this period, passing between Spanish, Austrian, and French control. Despite political turbulence, the region experienced a cultural and economic upswing, especially in art and metallurgy. Cities like Mons and Liège grew in stature, and Walloon soldiers and craftsmen were well regarded across Europe. The Enlightenment began to take root through educational reforms and printing presses.
Wallonia in the Industrial and Modern Era
Wallonia led continental Europe in industrialisation during the 19th century. Its coal mines, steel mills, and glassworks transformed the region into an economic powerhouse. Towns like Charleroi, La Louvière, and Seraing expanded rapidly. However, post-WWII deindustrialisation hit hard, leading to economic decline and population loss. In response, Wallonia asserted its cultural and political identity, gaining autonomy with the creation of the Walloon Region in 1980. Its modern history is now marked by efforts at economic diversification, cultural preservation, and regional pride.
Best Time to Visit Wallonia
Wallonia Region – Spring
Spring in Wallonia brings mild temperatures ranging from 8°C to 15°C. This season is ideal for exploring the region’s natural beauty as flowers bloom and forests turn green. Occasional rain showers are common, so packing a waterproof jacket is advisable. The pleasant weather is perfect for outdoor activities like hiking and visiting charming towns.
Wallonia Region – Summer
Summer temperatures in Wallonia typically range from 18°C to 25°C, occasionally rising higher during heatwaves. This is the best time to enjoy festivals, outdoor dining, and scenic drives through the Ardennes. Long daylight hours make it easy to explore the countryside and historic sites comfortably, though popular spots can be busier.
Wallonia Region – Autumn
Autumn sees temperatures cooling from about 14°C down to 7°C. The fall foliage transforms the forests and parks into stunning displays of red, orange, and yellow. This season is great for photography, wine tastings, and quieter visits to cultural attractions. Rainfall becomes more frequent, so prepare for some damp days.
Wallonia Region – Winter
Winter temperatures hover between 0°C and 6°C, often dropping below freezing at night. Snow is possible, especially in the Ardennes, creating opportunities for winter sports such as skiing and snowshoeing. The festive atmosphere in towns during the holiday season makes winter a cozy and charming time to visit despite the cold.
Annual Weather Overview
- January 6°C 46°F
- February 8°C 50°F
- March 11°C 56°F
- April 16°C 65°F
- May 19°C 69°F
- June 23°C 76°F
- July 24°C 80°F
- August 26°C 83°F
- September 22°C 75°F
- October 16°C 65°F
- November 10°C 53°F
- December 8°C 50°F
How to get to Wallonia
Getting to Wallonia by Air
The main gateway to Wallonia by air is Brussels South Charleroi Airport, located just outside Charleroi. This airport serves many low-cost carriers and has direct connections to cities across Europe. It’s a convenient option if you’re heading to towns like Namur, Mons, or La Louvière. Alternatively, Brussels Airport, while outside Wallonia, offers a wider range of international flights and is less than an hour’s train ride to many parts of the region.
Getting to Wallonia by Train
Wallonia is well connected by Belgium’s national rail network, making train travel one of the easiest ways to reach the region. Major towns such as Liège, Namur, Mons, and Tournai all have central stations with frequent services. Liège-Guillemins is a high-speed rail hub, with direct trains to Brussels, Cologne, and Paris. You can plan your trip through the [SNCB/NMBS rail service](https://www.belgiantrain.be/en). Trains from Brussels or Flanders typically take under two hours to reach most destinations in Wallonia.
Getting to Wallonia by Car
Driving into Wallonia is straightforward thanks to its extensive motorway network. Highways such as the E42 and E411 link the region to Brussels, Luxembourg, and northern France. Towns like Dinant, Bastogne, and Spa are easily accessible by car, making it an ideal option for exploring rural areas or combining several destinations in one trip. There are no toll roads in Belgium, which keeps driving costs down.
Getting Around Wallonia
Public transportation within Wallonia is operated by TEC, which runs buses throughout the region, including routes in smaller towns and rural communities. Rail remains the fastest and most reliable option for travel between major cities like Namur, Liège, Mons, and Charleroi. For more flexibility, especially in the Ardennes or scenic river valleys, renting a car is a practical choice. For route planning and schedules, visit the [SNCB/NMBS rail site](https://www.belgiantrain.be/en).
Festivals in Wallonia
Carnaval de Binche
When: February
Where: Binche
Recognised by UNESCO, this centuries-old carnival is famous for its Gilles—masked performers in elaborate costumes who throw oranges into the crowd for good luck.
Francofolies de Spa
When: July
Where: Spa
One of the biggest French-language music festivals in the world, Francofolies brings together top artists and emerging talents for several days of concerts in the heart of the Ardennes.
Festival International du Film Francophone
When: October
Where: Namur
This film festival celebrates French-language cinema with screenings, awards, and industry events, attracting filmmakers and cinephiles from across the Francophone world.
Combat de l’Échasse d’Or
When: September
Where: Namur
A historic and theatrical stilt-fighting competition between two rival guilds, this event dates back to the Middle Ages and takes place in Namur’s main square.
Doudou – Ducasse de Mons
When: June
Where: Mons
A UNESCO-recognised celebration, this elaborate event features a dramatic reenactment of Saint George slaying the dragon, parades, and religious processions.
Laetare de Stavelot
When: March
Where: Stavelot
A vibrant carnival held midway through Lent, it’s famous for the Blancs-Moussis—white-cloaked figures with red noses who throw confetti and bring mischief to the streets.
Les Médiévales de Bouillon
When: August
Where: Bouillon
This medieval festival includes jousting, costumed parades, falconry, and reenactments around the historic Bouillon Castle, transporting visitors back to the age of knights.
Festival de Théâtre de Rue de Chassepierre
When: August
Where: Chassepierre
Set in a picturesque village, this outdoor theatre festival transforms the streets into stages for clowns, acrobats, musicians, and performance artists.
Fête de la Saint-Martin
When: November
Where: Tourinnes-la-Grosse
An eclectic cultural festival featuring music, visual arts, and exhibitions spread throughout the village, celebrating Saint Martin with creativity and local spirit.
Les Ardentes
When: July
Where: Liège
This energetic music festival focuses on urban and electronic music, drawing international headliners and a young, lively crowd to the banks of the Meuse.