Complete Guide to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf (2025)

Ko Samui And The Lower Gulf Scaled

The Lower Gulf is home to Thailand's ultimate island trio: Ko Samui, Ko Pha-Ngan, and Ko Tao. These three islands, with their powdery beaches and crystal-clear waters, draw millions of tourists every year, each offering a unique slice of paradise. Ko Samui, the oldest and most developed, has transformed into a luxury hotspot where high-end resorts operate like clockwork, and every whim is catered to by uniformed butlers. Ko Pha-Ngan, the laid-back middle sibling, is known for its free-spirited vibe, where travelers spend days lounging in hammocks and nights dancing at the island's infamous Full Moon parties. Ko Tao, the youngest, is the adventurous one—an outdoor enthusiast's haven offering world-class diving and snorkelling, as well as adrenaline-pumping activities.

Beyond the islands, the mainland coast remains far less frequented by foreign visitors, offering a more authentic experience of Thailand. Here, you'll find the charm of Ao Khanom, where pink dolphins play in the waters and waterfalls cascade through the jungle. Further south, the coastal town of Songkhla reveals the unique cultural fusion of Thai Muslim influences and beachside beauty. The Lower Gulf, with its combination of well-known islands and hidden gems on the mainland, is a region that offers a refreshing mix of vibrant tourism and untouched, culturally rich landscapes.

Region map of Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Cities of Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

History of Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Prehistoric Times in Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

The earliest history of Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf is traced through prehistoric settlements and artifacts discovered on the mainland and nearby islands. Archaeological findings, including tools, pottery, and burial sites, suggest human habitation dating back thousands of years. Early communities in the region likely relied on fishing, foraging, and basic agriculture, taking advantage of the coastal resources and tropical environment.

Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in Early Maritime Trade

From the first millennium CE, Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf became part of emerging maritime trade routes connecting India, China, and Southeast Asia. The region served as a stopover point for merchant ships, contributing to cultural exchange and the introduction of Buddhism, Hinduism, and other influences. Evidence of these connections can be found in local folklore, temple architecture, and relics influenced by Srivijaya and other regional powers.

Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in the Sukhothai and Ayutthaya Periods

During the rise of Thai kingdoms such as Sukhothai and later Ayutthaya, Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf remained relatively remote but gradually came under the cultural and administrative influence of the central powers. Fishing communities and small settlements grew along the coastlines. While the area was not a major political center, it contributed natural resources, including coconuts, rubber, and marine products, to larger trade networks.

Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries

In the 19th century, Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf saw gradual development as part of the expanding Siamese state. Ko Samui was sparsely populated and isolated, with limited contact with the mainland. The local economy was centered on fishing, coconut farming, and subsistence agriculture. Travel to and from the islands was primarily by boat, and life remained largely self-sufficient well into the 20th century.

Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in the Late 20th Century

From the 1970s onward, the region began transforming due to the arrival of travelers and backpackers. Ko Samui, once a quiet coconut plantation island, gained popularity for its natural beauty, quiet beaches, and relaxed atmosphere. Guesthouses, resorts, and infrastructure followed, turning the island into a notable tourist destination. Nearby islands and coastal areas also started attracting visitors looking for alternative experiences to the busier parts of Thailand.

Contemporary Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Today, Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf is one of Thailand's most visited regions, offering a mix of luxury resorts, eco-tourism, and cultural attractions. Modern transportation, international tourism, and sustainable development initiatives have reshaped the local economy and landscape. Despite the changes, the region retains much of its natural charm and cultural identity, balancing growth with its historical roots in community life, spiritual heritage, and island traditions.

Best Time to Visit Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Visiting Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in Spring

Spring (March to May) in Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf brings warm temperatures and increasing humidity. March sees daytime highs around 31°C, rising to 34°C by May. Nights remain warm at around 26°C. Rain is still relatively light early in the season, making March and April good months for beach visits, snorkeling, and boat tours before heavier rains begin toward the end of May.

Visiting Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in Summer

Summer (June to August) is part of the transitional rainy season in Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf. Daily temperatures average 30°C to 33°C, with increased humidity and intermittent showers. Rainfall is more frequent but typically comes in short, heavy bursts followed by sunshine. The sea remains warm at around 29°C, and natural scenery becomes lush and vibrant due to the rains.

Visiting Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in Autumn

Autumn (September to November) brings the heaviest rainfall, especially in October and early November. Temperatures range from 29°C to 32°C during the day and 25°C to 27°C at night. While September may still have clear spells, October is the peak of the wet season. November begins to dry out, especially in the latter half, making it a more favorable time to visit for those looking for fewer crowds.

Visiting Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf in Winter

Winter (December to February) is the most pleasant season in Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf. Temperatures are comfortable, ranging from 28°C to 31°C during the day and around 23°C to 25°C at night. Rainfall is minimal, skies are typically clear, and humidity is lower. This is the peak tourist season, offering the best weather conditions for swimming, diving, and enjoying the beaches.

Annual Weather Overview

  • January 26°C
  • February 26°C
  • March 27°C
  • April 28°C
  • May 29°C
  • June 29°C
  • July 28°C
  • August 28°C
  • September 27°C
  • October 27°C
  • November 27°C
  • December 27°C

How to get to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Getting to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf by Air

Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf is accessible by air through regional airports that offer frequent flights from major cities in Thailand. Domestic airlines operate short-haul routes that connect the region with Bangkok and other transport hubs. Flights are typically under 90 minutes, making air travel the fastest and most convenient option for reaching the islands and coastal areas.

Getting to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf by Ferry

Ferries are an essential mode of transportation for accessing Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf. Services run regularly between the mainland and the islands, carrying both passengers and vehicles. Ferries are scheduled to coordinate with flight and bus arrivals, and crossings typically range from 30 minutes to 2 hours, depending on the departure point and destination.

Getting to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf by Bus and Train

Buses connect the region to central and southern Thailand, with overnight and daytime options available. Combined bus and ferry tickets are widely used to streamline travel to the islands. While train service does not extend directly to the islands, travelers can take the train to nearby provincial stations and then transfer to buses and ferries for the remainder of the journey.

Getting to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf by Car

Traveling by car to Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf allows for flexibility and scenic routes through Thailand's southern provinces. Well-maintained highways lead toward the coast, where vehicle ferries operate routes to the islands. Driving is a practical option for visitors who plan to explore the mainland areas of the region before or after their time on the islands.

Festivals in Ko Samui & the Lower Gulf

Samui Latin Fiesta
When: February–March
Where: Ko Samui
An annual festival celebrating Latin dance and music, featuring workshops, performances, and parties with international artists.

Samui Regatta
When: May
Where: Ko Samui
A prestigious sailing event attracting yachts and crews from around the world for competitive racing and social events.

Samui Summer Jazz Festival
When: September
Where: Ko Samui
A jazz festival hosting international and local artists for performances in various venues across the island.
More info: https://samuisummerjazz.com/

Samui Film Festival
When: August
Where: Ko Samui
An event showcasing independent films from around the world, aiming to promote cultural exchange through cinema.
More info: https://www.samuifilmfestival.com/

Loy Krathong Festival
When: November
Where: Ko Samui
Known as the “Festival of Lights,” participants release decorated floating lanterns onto water bodies to honor the water goddess.

Buffalo Fighting Festival
When: January and April
Where: Ko Samui
A traditional event featuring buffalo fights, accompanied by local festivities and cultural performances.

Samui Bike Week
When: May
Where: Ko Samui
A gathering of motorcycle enthusiasts featuring bike shows, charity rides, and concerts.

Chak Phra Festival
When: October
Where: Surat Thani (near Ko Samui)
A Buddhist festival marking the end of the Buddhist Lent, featuring boat processions and cultural performances.