Complete Guide to Corsica (2025)

Corsica is a rugged and strikingly beautiful Mediterranean island with a strong sense of identity and a landscape unlike any other region in France. Known as the “Island of Beauty,” it offers a dramatic mix of towering mountains, dense forests, and over 1,000 kilometers of pristine coastline. Its wild interior is crisscrossed by hiking trails like the GR20—one of Europe's most challenging long-distance routes—while the coast features white-sand beaches, turquoise coves, and Genoese watchtowers perched on cliffs.

Culturally, Corsica stands apart. It has its own language (Corsican), unique musical traditions, and a complex history of occupation by powers including Genoa and France. This legacy is reflected in its fortified towns, Romanesque churches, and hilltop villages. Ajaccio, the island's capital, is famous as the birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte, and features museums and monuments dedicated to his legacy. Other towns like Bonifacio and Corte offer dramatic settings—Bonifacio perched on limestone cliffs and Corte nestled deep in the mountains as a former nationalist stronghold.

Corsican cuisine reflects its hybrid character, combining French and Italian influences with local produce such as chestnuts, wild boar, cured meats, and strong sheep's cheeses. The island's wines, honey, and olive oils are gaining growing recognition. Though it's part of France, Corsica maintains a fiercely independent spirit, making it a distinctive and rewarding destination for those seeking natural adventure, cultural depth, and a slower pace of life.

Cities of Corsica

Ajaccio

Visiting Ajaccio felt like stepping into a laid-back Mediterranean dream. The moment I arrived, the salty air and bright Corsican light hit me—there’s something so effortlessly beautiful about this place. I started my mornings with a slow stroll along the harbor, where colorful fishing boats rocked gently in the water and cafés buzzed with quiet energy. One afternoon, I wandered through the narrow streets of the old town, ducking into shops with handmade soaps and Corsican charcuterie, then cooled off at Saint-François Beach just a short walk away.

I spent a few hours at the Fesch Museum, mostly for the calm vibe and the surprisingly great collection of Italian paintings. Another highlight was hiking up to the Parata Point to see the Îles Sanguinaires—those red rocks glowing at sunset really live up to the hype. Evenings were all about fresh seafood, local wine, and catching that perfect golden hour light across the bay. Ajaccio isn’t flashy or packed with big sights, but that’s part of its charm—it’s more about soaking it all in.

View our Ajaccio Guide

Bastia

Bastia is a vibrant town located on the northeastern coast of Corsica, offering visitors a blend of beautiful landscapes and rich cultural experiences. The town’s picturesque old port is lined with colorful buildings and bustling cafés, perfect for a relaxing stroll or enjoying local cuisine. Visitors can explore the charming streets of the old town, full of narrow alleys and small boutiques, and take in the lively atmosphere of this coastal gem.

For those looking to enjoy the natural beauty of Bastia, the surrounding beaches and hiking trails provide plenty of opportunities to explore the island’s stunning landscape. The nearby Cap Corse offers spectacular views, while the rugged hills and coastal paths are perfect for outdoor enthusiasts. Whether you’re admiring the views from Place Saint-Nicolas or taking a boat trip along the coast, Bastia offers a blend of coastal charm and outdoor adventure, making it an ideal destination on the island.

View our Bastia Guide

History of Corsica

Prehistoric Corsica

Corsica's history begins in prehistoric times, with human settlements dating back to around 8,000 BCE. The island is dotted with megalithic structures, including menhirs and dolmens, particularly in the southern region. Archaeological evidence points to complex societies that were involved in trade with neighboring islands and the mainland.

Ancient Corsica under Greek and Roman Influence

In the first millennium BCE, Corsica was visited and settled by various Mediterranean civilizations. The Greeks referred to it as “Kalliste,” meaning “the most beautiful.” Later, the island came under Carthaginian influence before being absorbed into the Roman Empire around 238 BCE. Under Roman rule, Corsica was part of a province with Sardinia. It remained a rural, somewhat isolated territory, but Roman architecture and roads left their mark.

Early Medieval Corsica

Following the fall of Rome, Corsica was a contested and vulnerable territory. It was invaded by Vandals, then ruled briefly by the Byzantines. By the 8th century, Corsica faced repeated raids by Moors and Saracens. During this turbulent time, the island's population moved inland to the mountains, creating the pattern of hilltop villages that still exists today.

Corsica under Pisan and Genoese Control (11th–18th Century)

From the 11th century, Corsica came under the influence of the maritime republic of Pisa. By the 13th century, control shifted to Genoa, which dominated Corsica for nearly five centuries. The Genoese built coastal fortresses and towns like Calvi and Bonifacio. Despite their rule, local Corsican culture, clan structures, and resistance remained strong. During this period, Corsica's unique identity and language developed further.

Corsican Revolt and Brief Independence (18th Century)

In the 18th century, Corsicans rose up against Genoese rule under the leadership of Pasquale Paoli. From 1755 to 1769, Corsica declared itself an independent republic with its own constitution—one of the earliest democratic documents in Europe. Paoli's rule emphasized education, justice, and national identity. However, Genoa secretly sold its rights to France, and French forces invaded, defeating Paoli at the Battle of Ponte Novu in 1769.

French Corsica and the Napoleonic Era

After becoming part of France in 1769, Corsica was integrated into the French state. That same year, Napoleon Bonaparte was born in Ajaccio, bringing global attention to the island. Napoleon's rise gave Corsica a brief prominence, but his eventual fall did little to change its peripheral status within France. Resistance to central control and cultural assimilation persisted throughout the 19th century.

Corsica in the 19th and Early 20th Century

During the 19th century, Corsica remained largely rural and agricultural, with many Corsicans emigrating to mainland France and beyond. The island supplied many soldiers to the French military, and its identity as a proud, yet often neglected, French territory deepened. In the early 20th century, Corsica continued to struggle with underdevelopment and depopulation.

Modern Corsica and Regional Identity

In the post-World War II era, Corsica underwent modernization, but economic challenges and cultural tensions led to increased calls for autonomy. The late 20th century saw the rise of nationalist and separatist movements, including periods of political violence. In recent decades, Corsica has gained limited autonomy and renewed focus on preserving its language, culture, and environment. Regional pride remains strong, with efforts to balance identity with integration into modern France.