Auschwitz-Birkenau

Auschwitz-Birkenau is one of the most significant and sobering places to visit in Oświęcim, a site that confronts visitors with the stark reality of the Holocaust. Established by Nazi Germany in 1940 and expanded into a vast extermination complex, Auschwitz became the principal site of the genocide where over 1.1 million people—mostly Jews—were murdered. A visit here is a time for understanding, remembrance, and the profound responsibility of memory.

The memorial is divided into two preserved sections: Auschwitz I, the original camp with brick barracks and the infamous “Arbeit Macht Frei” gate, and Auschwitz II–Birkenau, the vast extermination camp where gas chambers, crematoria, and prisoner barracks stretch across the landscape. Walking through these grounds is a deeply moving experience that illuminates the scale of the atrocities committed.

History and Significance of Auschwitz-Birkenau

Auschwitz was established in 1940 to imprison Polish political prisoners, but within two years it had become the central killing site of the Holocaust. Under SS command, the camp system expanded to include Auschwitz I (administrative and concentration camp), Auschwitz II–Birkenau (extermination camp), and Auschwitz III–Monowitz (forced labor complex tied to German industry).

From 1942 onward, Jews from across occupied Europe were deported to Auschwitz in packed cattle cars. Upon arrival, SS doctors conducted selections, sending many immediately to gas chambers disguised as showers. Others were forced into slave labor under brutal conditions, facing starvation, disease, and constant abuse.

Liberated by the Soviet Army on January 27, 1945, the camp left behind overwhelming evidence of genocide. The post-war decision to preserve parts of the site laid the foundation for today’s memorial, ensuring that the crimes committed here can be confronted by future generations.

Things to See and Do in Auschwitz-Birkenau

The visit usually begins at Auschwitz I, where original barracks house powerful exhibitions documenting the lives of victims, the mechanisms of the camp, and personal belongings recovered after liberation. The displays—including shoes, suitcases, hair, and everyday objects—offer a deeply human connection to those who were murdered.

Auschwitz II–Birkenau, located a short shuttle ride away, is central to understanding the extermination system. The ruins of gas chambers and crematoria, the guard towers, the railway ramp where selections took place, and the sprawling barracks all convey the vast scale of the genocide. Visitors can walk along the railway line leading under the iconic guard tower, a journey that remains one of the most impactful experiences on site.

How to Get to Auschwitz-Birkenau

Kraków John Paul II International Airport is the closest major airport, offering transport options into the city and onward to Oświęcim. For the best deals and a seamless booking experience, check out these flights to Kraków on Booking.com. From Kraków Główny train station, visitors can take direct trains to Oświęcim, followed by a short local bus or a 20-minute walk to the museum entrance. You can easily check schedules and book tickets through the PKP Intercity website. However, for a smoother experience, we recommend using Omio, which simplifies the booking process and lets you compare prices and schedules all in one place.

Travelers arriving by car will find designated parking areas near the museum complex, with clear access roads leading into Oświęcim. If you are looking to rent a car in Poland I recommend having a look at Discover Cars, first, as they compare prices and review multiple car rental agencies for you.

Practical Tips on Visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau

• Entrance fee: Entry is free; guided tours require a paid reservation.
• Opening hours: Vary seasonally; typically open daily except certain holidays.
• Official website: https://auschwitz.org
• How long to spend: 3.5 to 4 hours, including both camps.
• Accessibility: Auschwitz I is partly accessible; Birkenau’s terrain is uneven and challenging.
• Facilities: Visitor center, restrooms, café, bookshop.
• Photography tip: Photography is permitted in most areas but should be done with sensitivity.
• Guided tours: Highly recommended for context and historical understanding.
• Nearby food options: Simple cafés near the visitor center; limited options within walking distance.

Where to Stay close to Auschwitz-Birkenau

For convenience, Hotel Galicja offers comfortable rooms close to the memorial. Those seeking a modern stay may prefer Hampton by Hilton Oświęcim, overlooking the river. Another welcoming choice is Hotel Olecki, located right next to the museum entrance.

Is Auschwitz-Birkenau Worth Visiting?

Yes, though it is a solemn and emotionally challenging experience. It is one of the most important places to visit in Oświęcim for understanding the Holocaust, honoring its victims, and reflecting on the consequences of hatred and indifference. The visit offers historical insight and an urgent reminder of the need for tolerance and vigilance today.

FAQs for Visiting Auschwitz-Birkenau

Do I need to book in advance?
Yes, reservations are required, especially during peak season.

Is the site appropriate for children?
The museum recommends visits for ages 14 and older due to the sensitive content.

Can I visit without a guide?
Yes, though guided tours provide crucial historical context.

How long does it take to visit both camps?
Plan for at least 3.5 to 4 hours.

Is photography allowed everywhere?
Most areas permit photography, but some exhibitions restrict it for ethical reasons.

Is there transportation between Auschwitz I and Birkenau?
Yes, a free shuttle operates between the two sites.

Nearby Attractions to Auschwitz-Birkenau

• Jewish Center Oświęcim: A museum exploring Jewish life in the town before the war.
• Castle Museum Oświęcim: Exhibits on local history and wartime experiences.
• Monowitz Memorial: Site of the former forced labor camp.
• Memorial and Museum in Łambinowice: Former POW camp with exhibitions.
• Kraków Old Town: Historic city center less than 90 minutes away.

The Auschwitz-Birkenau appears in our Complete Guide to Visiting Kraków!

This website uses affiliate links which may earn a commission at no additional cost to you!

Nearby Attractions

• Kraków John Paul II International Airport (44.9) km
  Airport in Kraków
• Ojców Castle (50.6) km
  Castle in Kraków
• Kosciuszko's Mound (51.4) km
  Historic Site in Kraków
• Ogrodzieniec Castle (53.4) km
  Castle in Kraków
• Collegium Maius (54.3) km
  Historic Building in Kraków
• Wawel Castle (54.4) km
  Castle in Kraków
• Wawel Cathedral (54.4) km
  Cathedral in Kraków
• Basilica of St. Francis (54.5) km
  Basilica in Kraków
• Town Hall Tower (54.5) km
  Tower in Kraków
• Town Hall Tower (54.5) km
  Tower and Town Hall in Kraków