Romania, located in Eastern Europe, is a country of breathtaking landscapes, medieval towns, and vibrant cultural traditions. Bucharest, the capital, blends historic charm with modern energy, featuring landmarks like the Palace of Parliament and the Old Town, where visitors can explore lively cafés and architectural gems. The city’s parks, museums, and thriving nightlife make it a dynamic destination for travelers seeking both relaxation and entertainment.

Beyond the capital, Transylvania offers a fairytale-like experience with its Carpathian Mountains, fortified churches, and legendary castles. Bran Castle, often linked to the Dracula myth, and Corvin Castle, a stunning Gothic fortress, are must-visit sites. The medieval city of Sibiu, with its cobbled streets and colorful houses, provides a glimpse into Romania’s rich heritage. Nature lovers can explore Piatra Craiului National Park, known for its dramatic peaks and diverse wildlife.

Romania’s cultural scene is highlighted by its festivals and traditions. The Sighişoara Medieval Festival in summer brings history to life with reenactments and performances, while the George Enescu Festival in Bucharest celebrates classical music with international artists. The Danube Delta, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, offers a unique escape into untouched nature, perfect for birdwatching and boat tours. Whether exploring historic cities, hiking through scenic landscapes, or immersing in local traditions, Romania offers a diverse and enriching travel experience.

History of Romania

Romania: Prehistoric and Ancient Civilizations (Pre-106 AD)

Romania’s history dates back to prehistoric times, with evidence of early human habitation found in sites like Peștera cu Oase, where some of the oldest Homo sapiens fossils in Europe were discovered. By the 1st millennium BC, the region was inhabited by the Dacians, a Thracian people known for their advanced society and military strength. The Dacians engaged in trade with Greek colonies and resisted Roman expansion until the early 2nd century AD.

Romania: Roman Conquest and Dacia (106–271 AD)

In 106 AD, the Roman Empire, under Emperor Trajan, conquered Dacia, integrating it into the empire as a province. Roman rule brought infrastructure, Latin influence, and economic development. However, by 271 AD, the Romans withdrew due to increasing pressure from migrating tribes, leaving a lasting cultural imprint that contributed to the formation of the Romanian language.

Romania: Medieval Principalities and Ottoman Influence (14th–18th Century)

During the medieval period, Romania was divided into three principalities: Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania. These regions developed distinct identities while facing external threats, particularly from the Ottoman Empire. Leaders like Vlad the Impaler defended Wallachia against Ottoman incursions, earning a reputation for fierce resistance. By the 18th century, Ottoman influence was strong, but local rulers maintained a degree of autonomy.

Romania: National Awakening and Independence (19th Century)

The 19th century saw a rise in Romanian nationalism, leading to the unification of Wallachia and Moldavia in 1859 under Alexandru Ioan Cuza. In 1877, Romania declared independence from the Ottoman Empire, officially recognized in 1878. The newly sovereign nation focused on modernization and territorial expansion, including the acquisition of Dobruja.

Romania: World Wars and Political Shifts (20th Century)

Romania fought alongside the Allied Powers in World War I, leading to the unification of Transylvania, Bukovina, and Bessarabia with Romania in 1918. However, World War II brought territorial losses and political upheaval. Initially aligned with Nazi Germany, Romania switched sides in 1944, joining the Allies. After the war, Soviet influence led to the establishment of a communist regime in 1947.

Romania: Communist Era and Revolution (1947–1989)

Under communist rule, Romania experienced industrialization but also political repression, particularly under Nicolae Ceaușescu. His authoritarian policies led to economic decline and widespread dissatisfaction. In 1989, the Romanian Revolution resualted in the overthrow and execution of Ceaușescu, marking the end of communism.

Romania: Democratic Transition and Modern Era (1990–Present)

Following the revolution, Romania transitioned to democracy, implementing economic reforms and joining the European Union in 2007. Today, Romania is a dynamic nation with a rich cultural heritage, balancing tradition with modernization.

Best Time to Visit Romania

Romania: Spring (March–May)

Spring is a wonderful time to visit Romania, with mild temperatures and blooming landscapes. The Mărțișor Festival on March 1st marks the arrival of spring, with traditional red-and-white trinkets symbolizing good fortune. The Easter celebrations, particularly in Transylvania, feature beautifully painted eggs and festive markets. This season is ideal for exploring Romania’s medieval towns and UNESCO-listed sites.

Romania: Summer (June–August) (Best)

Summer is peak season, offering warm weather and lively festivals. The Sighisoara Festival of Medieval Arts and Crafts in July transforms the historic town into a medieval spectacle with reenactments and performances. The Maidens’ Fair on Găina Mountain in July is a unique cultural event celebrating Romanian traditions. Long daylight hours make it perfect for hiking in the Carpathian Mountains and enjoying the Black Sea beaches.

Romania: Autumn (September–November)

Autumn is ideal for wine lovers, as the Wine Harvest Festival in September showcases Romania’s finest wines. The Halloween celebrations in Transylvania, particularly around Bran Castle, add a spooky charm to the season. The changing foliage enhances the beauty of Romania’s countryside, making it a great time for scenic drives and nature walks.

Romania: Winter (December–February)

Winter in Romania is magical, with festive charm and snowy landscapes. The Christmas markets in Bucharest and Sibiu offer seasonal treats and handcrafted gifts. The Ski resorts in the Carpathians provide excellent winter sports opportunities. If temperatures drop low enough, the legendary Elfstedentocht ice-skating marathon may take place, adding a unique winter experience.

Food and Drink from Romania

1. Sarmale – Cabbage Rolls

Sarmale are Romania’s most iconic dish, consisting of minced meat (usually pork or beef) mixed with rice and spices, wrapped in fermented cabbage leaves, and slow-cooked in a flavorful sauce. They are traditionally served with mămăligă (cornmeal polenta) and sour cream.

2. Mici – Grilled Minced Meat Rolls

Mici, also known as Mititei, are small, skinless sausages made from a blend of beef, pork, and lamb, seasoned with garlic and spices. They are grilled over an open flame and typically enjoyed with mustard and fresh bread.

3. Ciorbă de Burtă – Tripe Soup

Ciorbă de Burtă is a rich and creamy soup made from beef tripe, flavored with vinegar, garlic, and sour cream. It is considered a delicacy and is often served with hot chili peppers and fresh bread.

4. Mămăligă – Romanian Polenta

Mămăligă is a staple of Romanian cuisine, made from boiled cornmeal and often served as a side dish with cheese, sour cream, or stews. It has a soft, creamy texture and is a comforting addition to many traditional meals.

5. Papanasi – Fried Doughnuts with Cheese

Papanasi are deep-fried doughnuts made from a mixture of cottage cheese, flour, and eggs. They are topped with sour cream and fruit preserves, creating a sweet and tangy dessert.

6. Zacuscă – Vegetable Spread

Zacuscă is a flavorful spread made from roasted eggplants, bell peppers, tomatoes, and onions. It is typically enjoyed on fresh bread and is a popular homemade delicacy.

7. Țuică – Plum Brandy

Țuică is Romania’s traditional plum brandy, distilled from fermented plums and known for its strong, fruity flavor. It is often consumed as an aperitif before meals.

8. Palincă – Strong Fruit Brandy

Palincă is a high-proof fruit brandy, similar to țuică but distilled multiple times for a stronger kick. It is made from various fruits, including apples, pears, and apricots.

9. Cozonac – Sweet Bread

Cozonac is a festive Romanian sweet bread, enriched with butter, eggs, and sugar, and filled with walnuts, cocoa, or Turkish delight. It is traditionally prepared for holidays and celebrations.

10. Plăcintă – Romanian Pastry

Plăcintă is a flaky pastry filled with various ingredients, such as cheese, apples, or pumpkin. It can be either sweet or savory and is enjoyed as a snack or dessert.