Toulouse, France: The Ultimate Travel Guide 2025

Toulouse, known as the “Pink City” due to its terracotta buildings, offers visitors a captivating blend of vibrant culture, beautiful architecture, and relaxed southern French charm. The city is perfect for exploring on foot, with its charming squares, scenic canals, and tree-lined streets. With an excellent selection of cafés, restaurants, and shops, Toulouse provides a welcoming atmosphere to relax and enjoy a leisurely day out.

For those looking to combine city exploration with nature, Toulouse has easy access to outdoor activities like boat rides on the Garonne River or strolls through the extensive parks surrounding the city. The city is also home to several museums, art galleries, and historical landmarks that add to its cultural appeal. Whether enjoying local cuisine, visiting historic sites, or relaxing by the river, Toulouse offers something for every traveler.

History of Toulouse

Early History of Toulouse

Toulouse’s origins date back to ancient times, initially established as a settlement by the Celts and later becoming an important Roman city. During Roman rule, it was known as Tolosa and flourished as a trade hub due to its strategic location. The city was an administrative center and grew into a thriving metropolis with impressive buildings and infrastructure, including baths and aqueducts.

Toulouse in the Middle Ages

In the Middle Ages, Toulouse became a key center of the Count of Toulouse and a powerful political and religious hub. The city grew in wealth, partially due to its role as a major center for the wool trade. Toulouse was also a significant stronghold during the Crusades, with the Cathar heresy playing an important role in the region’s religious and social history.

Toulouse in the Renaissance and Early Modern Period

During the Renaissance, Toulouse continued to prosper, with significant cultural and intellectual growth, especially in art, literature, and science. The city’s influence expanded, particularly in the development of the Toulouse-Languedoc region. The establishment of universities and the production of scholarly works during this period helped Toulouse maintain its cultural importance.

Toulouse in the 19th and 20th Centuries

In the 19th century, Toulouse underwent industrialization, particularly in textiles and aviation, which played a significant role in its modern development. During World War II, the city was occupied by German forces, and later, in the post-war period, it became a key center for the aerospace industry. The establishment of Aérospatiale and Airbus positioned Toulouse as a global hub for aviation and aerospace technology.

Toulouse in the 21st Century

Today, Toulouse is known for its strong aerospace industry, vibrant cultural scene, and status as a major academic and research center. It continues to blend its rich historical heritage with a modern outlook, providing a dynamic atmosphere for both residents and visitors. With its renowned universities, museums, and thriving technology sector, Toulouse remains an influential and forward-looking city in southern France.

Visiting Toulouse for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Toulouse on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

Toulouse, affectionately known as “La Ville Rose” due to its distinctive terracotta architecture, is a city that seamlessly blends rich history with modern innovation. Here are the top 10 attractions that showcase the city’s unique charm:

1. Place du Capitole in Toulouse

The heart of Toulouse, Place du Capitole is a grand square surrounded by the Capitole building, which houses the city hall and an opera house. The square’s expansive open space is often filled with locals and visitors enjoying its vibrant atmosphere. The Capitole’s façade, illuminated at night, offers a stunning visual experience.

2. Basilique Saint-Sernin in Toulouse

Basilique Saint-Sernin is one of the largest Romanesque churches in Europe, renowned for its impressive architecture and historical significance. Its intricate design and serene interior provide a peaceful retreat from the bustling city outside. The basilica’s bell tower is a prominent feature of Toulouse’s skyline.

3. Couvent des Jacobins in Toulouse

Couvent des Jacobins is a former Dominican convent, celebrated for its unique architecture, especially its palm tree-shaped vaulted ceiling. The convent now serves as a cultural venue, hosting art exhibitions and performances. Its tranquil cloisters offer a serene escape from the urban environment.

4. Cité de l’Espace in Toulouse

Cité de l’Espace is a space museum that brings Toulouse’s aeronautical history to life through interactive exhibits, including full-scale models of spacecraft. Visitors can experience simulated space missions and explore the wonders of the universe. It’s an educational and engaging destination for all ages.

5. Musée des Augustins in Toulouse

Musée des Augustins is an art museum housed in a former Augustinian convent, featuring a collection of sculptures and paintings from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. The museum’s peaceful courtyard and cloisters provide a relaxing environment to appreciate art. Its diverse collection offers insights into various art movements and periods.

6. Jardin Japonais Pierre Baudis in Toulouse

Jardin Japonais Pierre Baudis is a beautifully landscaped Japanese garden, offering a tranquil space to stroll and reflect. The garden features traditional Japanese elements, including koi ponds, bonsai trees, and a teahouse. It’s a perfect spot to experience a touch of Japanese culture within the heart of Toulouse.

7. Musée Aeroscopia in Toulouse

Musée Aeroscopia is an aviation museum showcasing Toulouse’s rich aerospace heritage, featuring iconic aircraft like the Concorde and Airbus A380. Interactive exhibits allow visitors to delve into the history and technology of aviation. It’s a must-visit for aviation enthusiasts and curious minds alike.

8. Canal du Midi in Toulouse

Canal du Midi is a UNESCO World Heritage site that stretches over 240 kilometers, with a picturesque section running through Toulouse. The canal is lined with plane trees and offers a scenic route for walking, cycling, or boating. It’s an ideal way to explore the city’s outskirts and enjoy the serene landscape.

9. Pont Neuf in Toulouse

Pont Neuf is the oldest bridge spanning the Garonne River in Toulouse, connecting the left and right banks. The bridge offers panoramic views of the river and the city’s historic buildings. It’s a popular spot for both locals and tourists to take a leisurely walk and enjoy the scenery.

10. Les Abattoirs in Toulouse

Les Abattoirs is a museum of modern and contemporary art, housed in a former slaughterhouse. The museum features a diverse collection of artworks, including paintings, sculptures, and multimedia installations. Its riverside location and spacious galleries make it a significant cultural destination in Toulouse.

These attractions highlight the diverse cultural, historical, and recreational offerings of Toulouse, ensuring a memorable experience for every visitor.