Rotterdam: Gateway to Europe

Visiting Rotterdam offers a striking contrast to the more traditional Dutch cities, with its bold modern architecture and vibrant cultural scene making it a standout destination in the Western Netherlands. Known for its innovative skyline, the city is home to iconic structures like the Cube Houses and the Erasmus Bridge, which span the Maas River and connect dynamic neighbourhoods. Rotterdam’s bustling port—the largest in Europe—adds an industrial edge that blends seamlessly with creative hubs filled with galleries, street art, and contemporary design.

The city is also a food lover’s paradise, with a diverse culinary landscape reflecting Rotterdam’s multicultural population. From trendy food markets such as Markthal to waterfront restaurants offering fresh seafood, there is something to suit every taste. After dark, the city comes alive with a lively nightlife scene, featuring stylish bars, clubs, and live music venues that attract both locals and visitors looking for a vibrant evening out.

Getting around Rotterdam is easy thanks to an efficient public transport system that includes trams, buses, and metro lines, all well integrated with the city’s compact layout. Walking and cycling are also popular ways to explore the various districts, from the historic Delfshaven to the trendy Witte de Withstraat. Whether you’re interested in cutting-edge architecture, urban culture, or simply soaking up the energetic atmosphere, Rotterdam offers a uniquely modern Dutch experience.

History of Rotterdam

Early History of Rotterdam

Rotterdam began as a small fishing village in the 13th century, growing around a dam on the Rotte River, which gave the city its name. The settlement gradually developed into a modest trading port, benefiting from its strategic location near the river and access to the North Sea. During the Middle Ages, Rotterdam gained city rights and began expanding its trade connections across Europe.

Rotterdam During the Industrial Revolution

In the 19th century, Rotterdam transformed dramatically due to the Industrial Revolution and the expansion of its port facilities. The construction of the Nieuwe Waterweg canal in 1872 was a pivotal development, enabling large ocean-going vessels to access the city directly. This period marked Rotterdam’s rise as a major international port and industrial centre, attracting workers and fueling urban growth.

Rotterdam in the 20th Century and Beyond

Rotterdam suffered extensive destruction during World War II, particularly from the 1940 bombing raids that devastated its historic centre. The city rebuilt itself with a modern, innovative approach to architecture and urban planning, leading to its distinctive skyline and contemporary design reputation. Today, Rotterdam is known for its dynamic economy, cultural diversity, and as one of the world’s largest ports, reflecting a city that continually reinvents itself.

Visiting Rotterdam for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Rotterdam on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Rotterdam – Markthal

The Markthal is a striking architectural landmark and a food lover’s paradise located in the heart of Rotterdam. This horseshoe-shaped building houses a vibrant indoor market with over 100 stalls offering fresh produce, local delicacies, international street food, and specialty goods. Visitors can explore a wide range of tastes under one roof, making it ideal for casual snacking or picking up gourmet ingredients. The colorful mural that decorates the interior ceiling adds an artistic flair to the bustling atmosphere.

The Markthal is open daily, typically from 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM, with some stalls and restaurants staying open later. Entry is free, and the area around the building offers several cafés and restaurants with outdoor seating, perfect for people-watching or relaxing after a shopping spree. It’s a must-visit spot that combines culinary delights with modern design.

2. Rotterdam – Cube Houses (Kubuswoningen)

The Cube Houses are one of Rotterdam’s most iconic architectural innovations. Designed by architect Piet Blom, these tilted cube-shaped homes create a unique and playful streetscape. While most are private residences, visitors can enter the Kijk-Kubus (Show Cube) museum to see the interior of one of these distinctive homes. The area around the Cube Houses is lively, with shops, cafés, and the nearby Oude Haven (Old Harbour) offering waterfront dining options.

The Kijk-Kubus is open daily with entry costing around €3.50 for adults and €1.50 for children. It’s an intriguing stop for architecture enthusiasts and families alike. Walking through the surrounding area gives a sense of Rotterdam’s bold, modernist spirit.

3. Rotterdam – Erasmus Bridge

Known locally as “The Swan,” the Erasmus Bridge is an iconic symbol of Rotterdam and one of the most photographed landmarks in the city. Spanning the Maas River, the striking cable-stayed bridge connects the northern and southern parts of Rotterdam. It’s a popular spot for photography, river cruises, and cycling. Walking or biking across the bridge offers panoramic views of the skyline and the bustling port activity below.

There is no cost to visit the bridge, and it is accessible at all times. The Erasmus Bridge often features in local festivals and events, adding to its importance as a cultural and infrastructural highlight of Rotterdam.

4. Rotterdam – Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen hosts a vast and varied art collection spanning centuries, featuring works from Dutch Old Masters to contemporary art. The museum includes masterpieces by artists like Rembrandt, Van Gogh, and Dalí, as well as a strong collection of design and applied arts. Its recently renovated building provides a modern space for exhibitions and cultural events.

The museum is open Tuesday through Sunday, generally from 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM. Entry costs approximately €17.50 for adults, with discounts available for students and free admission for children under 18. It’s a key cultural destination for visitors interested in art and history.

5. Rotterdam – Diergaarde Blijdorp (Rotterdam Zoo)

Diergaarde Blijdorp is one of the oldest and most renowned zoos in the Netherlands, located just north of the city centre. It is home to over 15,000 animals representing hundreds of species, including exotic mammals, birds, and aquatic life. The zoo is noted for its commitment to conservation and education, offering well-designed habitats and interactive exhibits.

The zoo is open daily from 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with ticket prices around €25 for adults and €18 for children. Families and animal lovers will find plenty to explore here, from the Oceanium to the tropical rainforest and the African savannah exhibits.

6. Rotterdam – Oude Haven (Old Harbour)

The Oude Haven is a historic harbour area transformed into a lively hotspot filled with restaurants, bars, and terraces. It’s a perfect place to experience Rotterdam’s waterfront culture while enjoying a meal or a drink. The harbour is lined with modern yachts and historic boats, blending maritime tradition with contemporary leisure.

This area is open to the public at all times, and many establishments operate from late morning until midnight or later. The Oude Haven is particularly popular in the evenings and weekends, offering a vibrant atmosphere for socializing and dining.

7. Rotterdam – Euromast Tower

The Euromast Tower offers spectacular panoramic views over Rotterdam and beyond from its observation decks, which stand at 185 meters high. Visitors can ascend by elevator and enjoy the cityscape, port activity, and on clear days, even the North Sea coastline. For the adventurous, the Euromast also offers abseiling and zip-lining experiences.

The tower is open daily, usually from 10:00 AM to 8:00 PM in summer and shorter hours in winter. Entry costs about €10.50 for adults and €5 for children, with family tickets available. The Euromast has a café and restaurant, making it a great spot for a meal with a view.

8. Rotterdam – Fenix Food Factory

Situated in the up-and-coming Katendrecht district, the Fenix Food Factory is a lively food hall housed in a former warehouse. It features artisanal food producers offering cheese, bread, craft beer, coffee, and more. The market-style setup encourages tasting and socializing in an industrial-chic setting along the river.

Open mostly on weekends from late morning to early evening, entry is free. It’s an ideal stop for foodies wanting to sample local flavors and enjoy a relaxed atmosphere away from the city centre hustle.

9. Rotterdam – Kunsthal Rotterdam

The Kunsthal is a contemporary art museum that hosts a rotating schedule of exhibitions ranging from photography and design to modern art and cultural themes. The building itself is a work of art, designed by the renowned architect Rem Koolhaas. Its flexible exhibition spaces ensure there is always something new to discover.

Open Tuesday through Sunday, typically 11:00 AM to 5:00 PM, the Kunsthal charges around €14 for adult admission. It’s a must-visit for fans of contemporary art and experimental exhibitions.

10. Rotterdam – Het Park

Het Park is a large, tranquil green space located near the Euromast Tower, offering a peaceful escape within the city. It features walking paths, ponds, and open lawns ideal for picnics or leisurely strolls. The park hosts occasional outdoor concerts and events during the warmer months.

Open year-round and free to enter, Het Park is a favourite spot among locals and visitors for relaxation and enjoying nature amid Rotterdam’s urban environment.