Greifswald: The Complete Guide

Greifswald is a charming town located in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania region, known for its picturesque streets and vibrant cultural life. It offers visitors a blend of natural beauty, historical architecture, and a laid-back atmosphere. The town is surrounded by lush countryside and the Baltic Sea coastline, making it an ideal destination for those who enjoy outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and sailing. Greifswald’s central square, with its market and iconic buildings, creates a welcoming environment for tourists looking to explore its unique offerings.

In addition to its natural beauty, Greifswald has a thriving arts and music scene, with events throughout the year celebrating local talent and international artists. The University of Greifswald, one of the oldest in Germany, adds a youthful and intellectual energy to the town. Visitors can also enjoy the numerous museums, galleries, and parks scattered around the city. Whether you’re taking a leisurely stroll through the Old Town or visiting one of the many nearby islands, Greifswald offers a delightful blend of relaxation and exploration.

History of Greifswald

Greifswald: Early Beginnings

Greifswald’s history traces back to the 13th century, with its origins likely as a Slavic settlement. The town was granted town privileges in 1250, marking the start of its development as a trading hub. Its early growth was influenced by its location along key trade routes, and it quickly became an important member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century. This affiliation with the League allowed Greifswald to thrive economically, and the town developed a rich cultural life. Throughout this period, the construction of monumental buildings, including churches and town halls, began to shape the city’s architectural landscape.

Greifswald: The Hanseatic Period (14th to 16th Century)

During the peak of the Hanseatic League, Greifswald emerged as a significant port city in the Baltic region. Its participation in this powerful trade alliance helped boost its economy, facilitating the exchange of goods such as timber, fish, and grain. The town also benefited from the influx of merchants, artisans, and scholars, who contributed to the development of its infrastructure and cultural life. The establishment of the University of Greifswald in 1456 further solidified the city’s importance, transforming it into a center of learning. The university became a key institution for education in the region, attracting scholars from all over Europe.

Greifswald: Swedish Rule (17th Century)

In the early 17th century, Greifswald found itself under Swedish control as part of the larger geopolitical struggles of the time. Following the Thirty Years’ War, the Swedish Empire expanded its influence across the Baltic region, and Greifswald became part of Swedish Pomerania. During this period, the city experienced both economic and cultural growth, though the political control of Sweden brought significant change. Under Swedish rule, Greifswald continued to prosper as a key port, and the university was further developed, with Sweden investing in its educational programs. The Swedish era also saw the construction of several important buildings that still stand in Greifswald today.

Greifswald: Prussian and Napoleonic Era (18th to Early 19th Century)

By the mid-18th century, Greifswald came under Prussian control as part of the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. The Prussian period brought stability and economic growth, and Greifswald began to integrate more fully into the larger Kingdom of Prussia. The city saw industrial advancements during the 19th century, though the Napoleonic Wars temporarily disrupted its growth. Despite these challenges, Greifswald’s status as a university town continued to attract students and intellectuals, ensuring that the city maintained a cultural vibrancy. The presence of the university helped Greifswald navigate through periods of political instability, continuing to shape the city as a center of higher learning.

Greifswald: The 20th Century

The 20th century brought significant upheaval to Greifswald, particularly during and after World War II. After the war, the city was part of East Germany under Soviet influence. During this period, Greifswald saw substantial industrialization, with a focus on heavy industries and shipbuilding. The town’s historical buildings, however, suffered under the regime, with some structures being repurposed for industrial use. Despite these challenges, Greifswald maintained its status as an academic center. After the reunification of Germany in 1990, Greifswald transitioned into a modern city, embracing both its academic heritage and its role as a cultural and economic hub in the Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania region.

Greifswald: Today

Today, Greifswald is a vibrant city that blends its rich history with a modern outlook. The university continues to be a central part of the city, and Greifswald has emerged as a key player in research, particularly in the fields of marine science and renewable energy. The town’s historical sites, including its beautiful Old Town and significant architectural landmarks, continue to draw visitors, while Greifswald’s proximity to the Baltic coast has contributed to its growing tourism industry. The city’s unique ability to merge its academic legacy with its natural beauty and modern industries makes it an attractive destination for both residents and visitors alike.

Visiting Greifswald for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Greifswald on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Greifswald Market Square (Marktplatz Greifswald)

Greifswald’s Market Square is the heart of the city, surrounded by historic buildings that showcase the town’s rich architectural heritage. The square is home to the Greifswald Town Hall, a beautiful blend of Gothic and Baroque styles, and several medieval merchant houses that line its edges. Visitors can enjoy the lively atmosphere, especially during market days when local vendors offer fresh produce and regional specialties. The square also serves as a venue for various cultural events and festivals throughout the year.

2. Wiecker Historical Bascule Bridge (Wiecker Historische Klappbrücke)

The Wiecker Bascule Bridge is a remarkable piece of engineering connecting the northern and southern banks of the Ryck River. Constructed in 1887, this manually operated bridge is one of the last of its kind in Europe. Witnessing the bridge’s operation, where it lifts to allow boats to pass, offers a unique experience. The surrounding area is ideal for leisurely walks, providing picturesque views of the river and the quaint village of Wieck.

3. Eldena Abbey Ruins (Klosterruine Eldena)

The Eldena Abbey Ruins are a testament to the area’s medieval history and a source of inspiration for the Romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich. Located just south of the city center, the site offers a serene atmosphere amidst the remnants of the abbey church and cloisters. The surrounding parkland is perfect for picnics and reflective walks, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts and art lovers alike.

4. Museum Harbour Greifswald (Museumshafen Greifswald)

Situated along the Ryck River, the Museum Harbour is a vibrant spot where historic ships are moored, offering a glimpse into the city’s maritime heritage. Visitors can explore various vessels, some of which serve as floating museums. The area is also lined with cafes and restaurants, making it an excellent place to relax and watch the boats go by. During the summer months, the harbour comes alive with events and festivals celebrating Greifswald’s nautical traditions.

5. Pomeranian State Museum (Pommersches Landesmuseum)

The Pomeranian State Museum houses an extensive collection of art and artifacts related to the history and culture of the Pomerania region. Highlights include works by Caspar David Friedrich, providing insight into his connection to Greifswald. The museum’s diverse exhibits cater to a wide range of interests, from archaeology to modern art, ensuring a comprehensive cultural experience for all visitors.

6. Greifswald Botanic Garden and Arboretum

Established in 1763, the Greifswald Botanic Garden is one of the oldest in Germany, featuring a vast collection of plant species from around the world. The adjacent Arboretum offers a serene environment with diverse tree species, making it ideal for nature walks and educational tours. Both sites are integral to the University of Greifswald’s research and teaching, reflecting the city’s commitment to botanical sciences.

7. St. Nikolai Cathedral (Dom St. Nikolai)

St. Nikolai Cathedral stands as a dominant feature of Greifswald’s skyline with its towering structure and rich history. The cathedral’s interior boasts medieval murals, intricate woodwork, and a historic organ, offering a glimpse into the city’s religious and cultural past. Visitors can also enjoy panoramic views from the cathedral’s tower, providing a unique perspective of Greifswald and its surroundings.

8. Caspar-David-Friedrich-Image-Way (Caspar-David-Friedrich-Bildweg)

This 18-kilometer circular trail in Greifswald leads to 15 sites that inspired the Romantic painter Caspar David Friedrich. The route offers insights into the landscapes and scenes that influenced his work, making it a fascinating journey for art enthusiasts and hikers alike. Along the way, informational plaques provide context about the artist’s life and his connection to these locations.

9. Greifswald Theatre (Theater Vorpommern)

The Greifswald Theatre, part of the Theater Vorpommern ensemble, offers a diverse program of performances, including plays, operas, and ballet. The venue provides a cultural hub for the community and visitors, showcasing both classical and contemporary works. Attending a performance here offers a glimpse into the region’s vibrant arts scene and is a testament to Greifswald’s rich cultural heritage.

10. Eldena Beach (Strandbad Eldena)

Located on the outskirts of Greifswald, Eldena Beach offers a tranquil retreat with views over the Greifswald Bodden. The area is popular for swimming, picnicking, and enjoying sunsets, providing a peaceful escape from the city’s hustle and bustle. The nearby forested areas also offer walking and cycling paths, making it a favorite spot for nature lovers and families alike.