Copenhagen: The Complete Guide

Copenhagen, the vibrant capital of Denmark, is a perfect blend of modern culture and traditional charm. The city’s picturesque canals, green spaces, and colorful buildings create a welcoming atmosphere that attracts both locals and tourists. Copenhagen offers a rich cultural scene with a variety of museums, galleries, and theaters, making it ideal for those interested in the arts. The city’s iconic sites, such as Nyhavn and the Tivoli Gardens, provide a unique mix of natural beauty and cultural experiences that highlight Copenhagen’s dynamic energy.

For those who enjoy outdoor activities, Copenhagen is a city designed for cycling. With an extensive network of bike lanes, it’s easy to explore the city by bike, taking in landmarks like the Little Mermaid statue, Amalienborg Palace, and the lively shopping street Strøget. The city is also home to numerous parks, including the vast Frederiksberg Gardens and the lush King’s Garden, which provide the perfect setting for a relaxing day out. Copenhagen’s blend of urban life and nature offers something for every type of traveler.

In addition to its cultural and natural offerings, Copenhagen is known for its excellent food scene. The city has earned a reputation for its innovative cuisine, with a wide range of Michelin-starred restaurants, trendy food markets like Torvehallerne, and street food stalls along the harbor. Whether you’re sampling traditional Danish smørrebrød or trying something from the city’s avant-garde eateries, Copenhagen is a haven for food enthusiasts. The city is also home to vibrant neighborhoods like Vesterbro and Nørrebro, where you’ll find an eclectic mix of shops, cafés, and bars, contributing to its cosmopolitan feel.

History of Copenhagen

Copenhagen in the Early Settlement Period

Copenhagen’s history dates back to the early medieval period. The settlement began as a small fishing village, likely founded around the 10th century. It was originally a trading post and port, established on the shores of what is now known as the Copenhagen Harbor. The city’s strategic location along the waterways helped it grow in importance, making it an ideal place for trade with surrounding regions. During this period, Copenhagen began to form its identity as a vital center for commerce, though it was still a relatively modest settlement compared to the grand cities of Europe.

Copenhagen in the Middle Ages

By the 12th century, Copenhagen had become a significant town within Denmark. It was granted market rights, which allowed it to grow economically. The construction of several important buildings, including the Bishop’s Palace and fortifications, marked the town’s increasing prominence. Copenhagen also became a vital port for Denmark, facilitating trade in goods like grain, timber, and furs. The city’s growth during the Middle Ages was driven by its maritime activities, which would continue to shape its development for centuries to come.

Copenhagen in the Renaissance and Early Modern Period

The 16th century brought significant changes to Copenhagen. In 1443, it became the capital of Denmark, a position it would maintain for the foreseeable future. Under the rule of King Frederick II and later Christian IV, Copenhagen underwent considerable urban development. The construction of the iconic Rosenborg Castle and the expansion of the city’s defenses, including the Citadel, helped solidify Copenhagen’s position as both a royal residence and a fortified city. During the Renaissance, the city grew in size and importance, both as a political center and as a hub for trade, culture, and intellectual life.

Copenhagen in the 18th and 19th Centuries

The 18th century was a period of cultural and architectural development in Copenhagen. The city saw the creation of several notable buildings, including the Royal Theatre and the construction of the beautiful Frederiksstaden district. The industrial revolution in the 19th century brought rapid growth, and Copenhagen became increasingly urbanized. Population growth, technological advancements, and an expanding economy contributed to the city’s transformation into a modern metropolis. The construction of new bridges, roads, and infrastructure during this time paved the way for Copenhagen to become a central hub for trade, culture, and politics in Scandinavia.

Copenhagen in the 20th Century

In the 20th century, Copenhagen continued to expand, both in terms of its population and its role as a global city. It became an epicenter for the Danish art, design, and architectural movements, especially with the rise of Danish Modernism and the influence of Danish designers. Copenhagen also became a symbol of Danish culture and identity, with institutions like the National Gallery of Denmark and the Danish Royal Ballet playing an important role in its cultural life. After World War II, the city experienced significant economic growth and modernization, alongside the creation of green spaces and new public transportation systems. It evolved into a cosmopolitan city while still maintaining its historical charm.

Copenhagen in the 21st Century

Today, Copenhagen is one of Europe’s most influential cities, known for its sustainability, design, and innovation. The city has embraced its reputation as a progressive and eco-conscious metropolis, with an emphasis on cycling, green architecture, and environmental sustainability. Copenhagen is also a hub for creative industries, including design, technology, and fashion. The city continues to balance its rich historical heritage with modern, forward-thinking developments, making it a dynamic and exciting place to visit, live, and work.

Visiting Copenhagen for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Copenhagen on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Copenhagen Tivoli Gardens

Tivoli Gardens is a must-visit amusement park in Copenhagen that beautifully combines thrilling rides with lush gardens and cultural entertainment. Open since 1843, it offers a magical atmosphere with roller coasters, carousels, live music, and theater performances, making it a favorite for families and visitors of all ages. Seasonal events such as Halloween and Christmas transform Tivoli into a festive wonderland filled with themed decorations and special shows.

Admission costs about 135 DKK for adults, with children under 8 entering for free. Ride passes are extra and can be purchased according to the number of rides you want. Tivoli is typically open from April to September, with opening hours from 11 AM to 11 PM, but special events may alter the schedule.

2. The National Museum of Denmark

The National Museum of Denmark presents an extensive overview of Danish history and culture, housed in a Renaissance-style building near the city center. Exhibits range from Viking artifacts to medieval art and modern cultural displays. The museum is engaging for visitors interested in the country’s heritage, featuring interactive displays that appeal to both adults and children.

Entry is approximately 95 DKK. The museum is open Tuesday through Sunday, generally from 10 AM to 5 PM. It’s an ideal stop to dive deep into Denmark’s fascinating past within easy reach of central Copenhagen.

3. Nyhavn and Canal Tours

Nyhavn is Copenhagen’s lively harbor district, famed for its colorful 17th- and 18th-century townhouses and waterfront cafés. It’s a perfect place to relax, enjoy a drink, or take in the buzzing atmosphere. From here, you can embark on canal tours that reveal the city’s beautiful architecture, including the Opera House, the Little Mermaid statue, and the Christianshavn neighborhood.

Canal tours last around one hour and cost about 100 DKK per person. They operate daily from spring to autumn, typically between 10 AM and 6 PM, offering a unique and scenic way to explore Copenhagen’s waterways.

4. The Little Mermaid Statue

Inspired by Hans Christian Andersen’s famous fairy tale, the Little Mermaid statue is a small yet iconic Copenhagen landmark located on the Langelinie promenade. It attracts visitors worldwide who come to see the bronze statue perched gracefully on a rock by the water. The surrounding area offers a lovely setting for a stroll along the harbor with views of passing ships and nearby parks.

Visiting the statue is free and accessible year-round. It’s best combined with a walk through the nearby Kastellet fortress and Churchill Park for a relaxed outdoor excursion close to the city.

5. Rosenborg Castle and King’s Garden

Rosenborg Castle, a stunning Renaissance palace in central Copenhagen, houses the Danish crown jewels and royal treasures. Visitors can explore beautifully preserved rooms, royal chambers, and exquisite antique furnishings that reflect centuries of Danish royalty. The adjacent King’s Garden offers a peaceful green space perfect for picnics, leisurely walks, and seasonal flower displays.

Entry to the castle is about 120 DKK. It is open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM, with extended hours in the summer. The King’s Garden is free and open all year, making it a perfect spot for relaxation after visiting the castle.

6. Christiansborg Palace

Christiansborg Palace, located on Slotsholmen island, is home to the Danish Parliament, Supreme Court, and Prime Minister’s Office. Visitors can tour the royal reception rooms, the palace chapel, and the impressive ruins beneath the building. The palace’s tower offers panoramic views over Copenhagen’s skyline, harbor, and canals.

Admission prices range from 85 to 160 DKK depending on the areas you visit. The palace is generally open daily from 10 AM to 5 PM. Christiansborg combines history, politics, and stunning architecture, making it an essential Copenhagen attraction.

7. Copenhagen Zoo

Located just under 5 km from the city center, Copenhagen Zoo is one of Europe’s oldest zoos and offers a diverse collection of animals in naturalistic habitats. Highlights include the iconic wooden Elephant House designed by famous architect Norman Foster, the Tropical House, and the Arctic Ring. The zoo is family-friendly and has educational exhibits designed to raise awareness about conservation.

Entry costs around 195 DKK for adults, with discounts for children and seniors. It is open year-round, typically from 10 AM to 5 PM, with extended hours in the summer. The zoo provides an enjoyable and educational experience for visitors of all ages.

8. The Round Tower (Rundetårn)

The Round Tower is a 17th-century tower located in central Copenhagen, famous for its unique spiral ramp leading to an observatory. Climbing the ramp offers visitors great views of the city from the top, along with a glimpse of the historic architecture below. The tower also hosts exhibitions and cultural events in its upper galleries.

Admission is approximately 40 DKK, and the tower is usually open daily from 10 AM to 6 PM. The Round Tower is a compact but rewarding visit for those interested in history and panoramic cityscapes.

9. Frederiksberg Gardens and Frederiksberg Palace

Frederiksberg Gardens is a vast and beautifully landscaped park near the Frederiksberg district, perfect for walking, picnicking, and boating on its lakes. The gardens surround Frederiksberg Palace, a former royal residence with baroque architecture. The park is popular with locals and visitors alike and is ideal for a peaceful escape from the city bustle.

Access to the gardens is free, and they are open year-round. Frederiksberg Palace is occasionally open for tours and events, with opening times varying seasonally. The area is a great mix of nature and history within easy reach of Copenhagen’s center.

10. Louisiana Museum of Modern Art

Though a bit over 10 km (about 35 km north of Copenhagen), the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art is a world-renowned art museum often visited from Copenhagen due to its impressive collection and seaside setting. It features modern and contemporary art, sculpture gardens, and changing exhibitions. The museum is also known for its stunning views of the Øresund Strait.

Admission costs about 140 DKK, and it is open Tuesday to Sunday, typically from 11 AM to 6 PM. The museum is worth the short trip for art lovers and those seeking a blend of culture and nature.