Catania: The Complete Guide

Visiting Catania, the vibrant and historic city on the eastern coast of Sicily, offers an unforgettable experience where ancient history and modern energy converge. Dominated by the imposing Mount Etna, one of the most active volcanoes in the world, Catania is a city rich in both natural and cultural wonders. The city’s Baroque architecture, much of it built from lava stone, is a testament to its resilience, having been rebuilt after multiple eruptions and earthquakes. Strolling through the UNESCO-listed historic center, you can explore landmarks such as the Piazza del Duomo, home to the iconic Fontana dell’Elefante and the stunning Catania Cathedral, which houses the relics of the city’s patron saint, Saint Agatha.

Beyond its historical sites, Catania is known for its lively atmosphere and thriving culinary scene. The bustling markets, such as the famous La Pescheria fish market, offer a glimpse into local life and the opportunity to sample fresh Sicilian produce. The city’s restaurants and street food stalls serve up traditional dishes like pasta alla Norma and arancini, reflecting Catania’s rich culinary heritage. Additionally, Catania serves as a gateway to exploring Mount Etna, with many tours offering excursions to the volcano’s craters and lava fields. Whether you’re drawn to its history, culture, or the dramatic landscapes of Etna, Catania offers a dynamic and enriching Sicilian experience.

History of Catania

Ancient Origins of Catania

Catania, located on the eastern coast of Sicily, has a history that stretches back nearly 3,000 years. The city was originally founded by Greek settlers from Chalcis in 729 BC, who named it Katane. The strategic location of Catania, between the Ionian Sea and Mount Etna, made it an important center for trade and agriculture in the ancient world. The city thrived under Greek rule, becoming known for its rich culture and as the birthplace of the philosopher and legislator Charondas. Over time, Catania came under the control of several powers, including the Carthaginians and the Romans, who further developed the city, constructing roads, aqueducts, and theaters.

Catania During the Roman Empire

During the Roman Empire, Catania became a prosperous Roman colony, playing a significant role in the empire’s grain supply. The city flourished economically and culturally, evidenced by the construction of grand structures like the Roman Theatre and the Odeon. However, Catania’s history has been marked by repeated devastation due to its proximity to Mount Etna, one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Major eruptions in 252 AD and 1169 AD caused significant damage to the city, but it was always rebuilt, often with the very lava that had destroyed it.

Medieval Catania

In the medieval period, Catania was ruled by a succession of powers, including the Byzantines, Arabs, and Normans. Each left their mark on the city’s culture and architecture. The Normans, who took control in the 11th century, fortified the city and constructed several important buildings, including the Ursino Castle. Under the Kingdom of Aragon in the 13th century, Catania became a significant political and cultural center. The foundation of the University of Catania in 1434, the first university in Sicily, marked the city as an important intellectual hub in the region.

Catania in the Baroque Period

The 17th century was a period of both disaster and renewal for Catania. In 1669, a catastrophic eruption of Mount Etna buried much of the city under lava, and just 24 years later, in 1693, a devastating earthquake destroyed large portions of Catania. However, the city was rebuilt in the Baroque style, which characterizes much of its architecture today. The reconstruction was led by the architect Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, who designed many of Catania’s iconic buildings, including the Cathedral of Sant’Agata and the Palazzo degli Elefanti. This period gave Catania its distinctive Baroque character, earning its historic center a place on the UNESCO World Heritage list.

Modern Catania

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Catania grew into a vibrant and industrialized city, becoming one of the largest and most important cities in Sicily. The city played a significant role in the Italian unification movement in the 19th century and continued to expand its cultural and educational institutions. Despite suffering heavy damage during World War II, Catania was rebuilt and modernized in the post-war years. Today, Catania is known for its lively culture, thriving economy, and as a gateway to exploring Mount Etna. The city continues to balance its ancient heritage with modern development, making it a dynamic and fascinating destination in Sicily.

Visiting Catania for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Catania on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

This website uses affiliate links which earn a small commission at no additional cost to you.

1. Visit the Piazza del Duomo

Piazza del Duomo is the heart of Catania and a UNESCO World Heritage site. This beautiful square is home to the iconic Fontana dell’Elefante, Catania’s symbol, and the stunning Catania Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Agatha. It’s a perfect starting point for exploring the city’s historic center.

2. Explore the Catania Cathedral (Duomo di Catania)

The Catania Cathedral, located in Piazza del Duomo, is a magnificent example of Baroque architecture. The cathedral houses the relics of Saint Agatha, the patron saint of Catania, and features a richly decorated interior with a stunning altar and chapels.

3. Discover the Roman Amphitheater

Catania’s Roman Amphitheater is one of the largest in Italy, dating back to the 2nd century AD. Although only part of the structure is visible today, it’s a fascinating site that offers a glimpse into the city’s ancient Roman past. The amphitheater once held over 15,000 spectators.

4. Stroll Through Via Etnea

Via Etnea is Catania’s main shopping street, lined with shops, cafes, and historic buildings. The street offers stunning views of Mount Etna and is a great place for a leisurely stroll, shopping, and people-watching. It’s also home to several important landmarks, including the Basilica della Collegiata.

5. Climb Mount Etna

Mount Etna, Europe’s highest and most active volcano, is a must-see attraction near Catania. Visitors can hike or take a cable car to explore the craters and lava fields, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape. Guided tours are available for those interested in learning more about the volcano’s geology and history.

6. Visit the Castello Ursino

Castello Ursino, a 13th-century castle built by Emperor Frederick II, now houses the Catania Civic Museum. The museum features a collection of art, artifacts, and archaeological finds that tell the story of Catania’s rich history. The castle itself is a well-preserved example of medieval architecture.

7. Explore the Monastery of San Nicolò l’Arena

The Monastery of San Nicolò l’Arena is one of the largest monasteries in Europe and a masterpiece of Sicilian Baroque architecture. Today, it houses part of the University of Catania and is open to visitors. The complex includes beautiful cloisters, a grand library, and panoramic views from the rooftop.

8. Experience La Pescheria Market

La Pescheria is Catania’s vibrant fish market, located near Piazza del Duomo. This bustling market is a sensory delight, with vendors selling fresh seafood, fruits, vegetables, and local delicacies. It’s a great place to experience local culture and taste some of Catania’s culinary specialties.

9. Visit the Teatro Massimo Bellini

Teatro Massimo Bellini is Catania’s historic opera house, named after the famous composer Vincenzo Bellini, who was born in the city. The theater is renowned for its beautiful interior, excellent acoustics, and regular performances. Attending an opera or concert here is a memorable cultural experience.

10. Explore the Botanical Garden (Orto Botanico)

The Orto Botanico of Catania is a tranquil oasis in the city, home to a diverse collection of plants, including many species native to Sicily. The garden is part of the University of Catania and is a great place to relax, enjoy nature, and learn about the region’s flora.