Cagliari, Italy: The Ultimate Travel Guide 2025

Visiting Cagliari, the vibrant capital of Sardinia, is an immersive experience that blends history, culture, and stunning natural beauty. The city is perched on several hills overlooking the Mediterranean, offering breathtaking views at every turn. As you explore Cagliari's historic districts, such as Castello, you'll discover a rich tapestry of ancient architecture, from Roman amphitheaters and medieval towers to elegant palazzos and baroque churches. The city's narrow, winding streets are filled with charming cafes, artisan shops, and hidden courtyards, inviting you to take your time and soak in the local atmosphere. Cagliari's history is palpable, and its well-preserved monuments and museums provide a fascinating glimpse into the island's past, making it a must-visit for history enthusiasts.

Beyond its historical charm, Cagliari is also a gateway to some of the most beautiful beaches in Sardinia. Poetto Beach, stretching for several kilometers, is just a short distance from the city center and offers crystal-clear waters and soft white sand, perfect for relaxation or water activities. The city's vibrant food scene is another highlight, with numerous restaurants serving traditional Sardinian cuisine, including fresh seafood, handmade pastas, and local wines. Cagliari's lively markets, such as the famous San Benedetto Market, provide an authentic taste of local life, offering everything from fresh produce to Sardinian specialties. Whether you're drawn by its history, culture, or natural beauty, Cagliari offers a diverse and enriching travel experience that showcases the best of Sardinia.

History of Cagliari

Ancient Origins of Cagliari

Cagliari, the capital of Sardinia, has a history that dates back thousands of years. The area was first settled in prehistoric times, as evidenced by the numerous Nuragic ruins found throughout the region. By the 8th century BCE, the Phoenicians had established a settlement here, drawn by its strategic location on the Mediterranean. This early city, known as Karalis, became an important hub for trade and communication across the ancient world. Later, in the 6th century BCE, Cagliari fell under the control of the Carthaginians, who further developed its port and fortified the city.

Cagliari During Roman Rule

Cagliari became a significant city under Roman rule after the Punic Wars in the 3rd century BCE. The Romans recognized the strategic importance of Karalis and developed it into a thriving urban center. The city flourished, boasting impressive infrastructure such as the Roman amphitheater, aqueducts, and baths. It became the capital of the province of Sardinia and Corsica, playing a vital role in the administration and military defense of the Roman Empire. This period marked a golden age for Cagliari, as it became a bustling city at the heart of Mediterranean trade routes.

Medieval Cagliari

Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Cagliari entered a turbulent period marked by invasions and power struggles. The city was first ruled by the Vandals and later by the Byzantines, who established Cagliari as the seat of the archbishopric. In the 11th century, the city became one of the four independent Giudicati (judgedoms) of Sardinia, known as the Giudicato of Cagliari. During this time, Cagliari grew as a political and religious center, with the construction of significant buildings such as the Cathedral of Santa Maria. The Pisans later conquered Cagliari in the 13th century, further fortifying the city and leaving a lasting architectural legacy.

Cagliari Under Spanish and Savoyard Rule

In the early 14th century, Cagliari came under the control of the Crown of Aragon, marking the beginning of Spanish influence on the city. The Spanish fortified the city and built several important structures, including the Torre dell’Elefante and the Bastione di Saint Remy, which still stand today. Cagliari remained under Spanish rule until the early 18th century, when the Treaty of Utrecht transferred control to the House of Savoy. Under Savoyard rule, Cagliari became the capital of the Kingdom of Sardinia and experienced a period of modernization, with the construction of new roads, buildings, and public spaces.

Modern Cagliari

Cagliari’s history in the 19th and 20th centuries was shaped by its role as the capital of Sardinia and its strategic position in the Mediterranean. The city played a crucial role during the Italian unification and became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Italy in 1861. During World War II, Cagliari suffered heavy bombing, which led to significant damage and loss of life. However, the post-war period saw the city’s rapid reconstruction and modernization. Today, Cagliari is a vibrant, modern city that retains its rich historical heritage, with its ancient sites, medieval architecture, and diverse cultural influences making it a fascinating destination for visitors.

Visiting Cagliari for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Cagliari on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Explore the Castello District

The Castello District is the historic heart of Cagliari, perched atop a hill and offering panoramic views of the city and the sea. Wander through its narrow, cobblestone streets to discover medieval architecture, ancient walls, and the majestic Cagliari Cathedral. The district is also home to museums, art galleries, and charming cafes.

2. Visit the Cagliari Cathedral

Cagliari Cathedral, located in the Castello District, is a stunning example of Romanesque and Baroque architecture. Originally built in the 13th century, the cathedral has undergone several renovations and is now one of the city’s most important landmarks. Don’t miss the beautiful interior, including the crypt of the Martyrs.

3. Relax at Poetto Beach

Poetto Beach is Cagliari’s most famous beach, stretching for about 8 kilometers (5 miles) along the coast. It’s the perfect place to relax, swim, or enjoy water sports. The beach is lined with bars, restaurants, and kiosks, making it a popular spot for both locals and tourists.

4. Discover the Roman Amphitheater

The Roman Amphitheater of Cagliari is one of the city’s most significant archaeological sites. Dating back to the 2nd century AD, this ancient structure once hosted gladiator fights and other public spectacles. Today, it serves as a venue for concerts and cultural events, offering a glimpse into the city’s Roman past.

5. Stroll Through the Marina District

The Marina District is a lively area near the port, known for its vibrant atmosphere, shopping streets, and diverse dining options. Explore the picturesque streets, visit local markets, and enjoy fresh seafood at one of the many restaurants. It’s also a great place to experience Cagliari’s nightlife.

6. Visit the National Archaeological Museum of Cagliari

The National Archaeological Museum of Cagliari houses an impressive collection of artifacts from Sardinia’s rich history. From prehistoric Nuragic artifacts to Roman relics, the museum offers a comprehensive overview of the island’s past. It’s located in the Citadel of Museums, in the Castello District.

7. Explore the Botanical Garden of Cagliari

The Botanical Garden of Cagliari, or Orto Botanico, is a serene oasis in the heart of the city. It features a wide variety of Mediterranean and exotic plants, ancient Roman cisterns, and peaceful pathways. It’s an ideal spot for a relaxing stroll and learning about Sardinia’s diverse flora.

8. Discover the Basilica of San Saturnino

The Basilica of San Saturnino is one of the oldest churches in Sardinia, dating back to the 5th century. This early Christian basilica is dedicated to San Saturnino, the patron saint of Cagliari. The site is also of archaeological interest, with ancient Roman and Byzantine remains.

9. Take in the Views from Bastione di Saint Remy

Bastione di Saint Remy is one of Cagliari’s most iconic landmarks, offering breathtaking views over the city, port, and the Gulf of Cagliari. This grandiose terrace, built in the late 19th century, is a popular gathering spot for both locals and visitors, especially at sunset.

10. Visit the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bonaria

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bonaria is a significant religious site in Cagliari, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. The sanctuary, located on a hill overlooking the sea, includes a beautiful church and a museum. It’s also a place of pilgrimage, with a rich history dating back to the 14th century.