Caernarfon: The Complete Guide

Caernarfon, located in North Wales, is a captivating destination for travellers drawn to dramatic landscapes and a rich cultural atmosphere. Set against the backdrop of the Snowdonia mountains and resting on the Menai Strait, the town offers a compelling combination of sea views, historic streets, and a proud Welsh identity. Its Welsh-speaking population and local events make it an excellent place to experience authentic culture, whether you’re visiting traditional pubs, browsing local markets, or enjoying seasonal festivals.

One of the main draws of Caernarfon is its walkable and atmospheric town centre. Visitors can easily explore the harbour, wander the cobbled lanes, and enjoy independent shops and cafés nestled within medieval walls. The town is also part of the wider Gwynedd area, which is perfect for day trips into the surrounding countryside. From boat trips and coastal walks to scenic drives through Snowdonia National Park, there’s no shortage of outdoor activities nearby.

Caernarfon is also a great base for families or history enthusiasts looking for a slower-paced Welsh holiday. The town’s setting makes it convenient for exploring Anglesey via the nearby Menai Bridge or travelling along the Llyn Peninsula for more rural beaches and fishing villages. Whether staying for a long weekend or using it as a gateway to North Wales, Caernarfon provides a satisfying mix of coastal charm and cultural depth.

History of Caernarfon

Caernarfon in the Roman and Early Medieval Period

The history of Caernarfon begins with the Roman fort of Segontium, founded in the late 1st century AD. Built to control the local population and defend Roman interests, Segontium served as a military and administrative base for several centuries. After the Romans withdrew from Britain in the early 5th century, the area remained inhabited and later became associated with early Welsh rulers and legends. By the early medieval period, the location held symbolic and strategic significance for emerging Welsh kingdoms.

Caernarfon in the Medieval Era

In the late 13th century, Caernarfon was transformed when Edward I built Caernarfon Castle as part of his campaign to control Wales. Constructed after his conquest of Gwynedd, the castle was designed as a statement of English power and as an administrative centre. The town was fortified with walls and developed alongside the castle, serving both military and symbolic purposes. The birth of Edward II at the castle in 1284 gave rise to the tradition of the Prince of Wales title being granted to the heir to the English throne.

Caernarfon from the Tudor Period to the 20th Century

Caernarfon remained a market town through the Tudor and Stuart periods, with its port playing a modest role in trade and regional economy. The town gradually developed beyond its medieval defences, and by the 19th century, it became part of the slate export trade that defined North Wales. In the 20th century, Caernarfon gained renewed national attention during the investiture of Prince Charles in 1969, held at the castle. The town today remains a focal point of Welsh identity and heritage, with its historical architecture and cultural life playing a central role.

Visiting Caernarfon for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Caernarfon on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Caernarfon Castle

Caernarfon Castle is a magnificent medieval fortress built by Edward I and one of the most impressive castles in Wales. Its massive walls, polygonal towers, and colorful stonework offer a glimpse into the medieval period and the English crown’s attempts to control Wales. Visitors can explore the towers, battlements, and exhibition rooms, gaining insight into the castle’s role in Welsh history, including the investiture of the Prince of Wales.

Entry costs approximately £11.70 for adults and £8.20 for children. The castle is open daily from 9:30am to 5:00pm during the spring and summer months, with reduced hours in winter.

2. Segontium Roman Fort

Located just outside the town center, Segontium Roman Fort was established around AD 77 and served as a strategic military base during the Roman occupation of Wales. Although only the foundations remain, the site offers peaceful surroundings and interpretive panels that explain the fort’s history and layout. It’s a short walk from Caernarfon Castle and is free to visit, making it an excellent spot for history enthusiasts and families alike.

3. Welsh Highland Railway (Caernarfon Station)

The Welsh Highland Railway departs from Caernarfon and offers a scenic steam train journey through the stunning landscapes of Snowdonia National Park to Porthmadog. This narrow-gauge railway provides a nostalgic experience, passing through valleys, forests, and alongside lakes. It’s popular with tourists wanting a leisurely and picturesque trip through one of Wales’s most beautiful regions.

Tickets start at around £40 for adults for a return journey. The railway operates from March through October with varying schedules, so booking in advance is recommended.

4. Caernarfon Town Walls

The medieval town walls of Caernarfon, constructed alongside the castle, offer a fascinating walking route through the historic heart of the town. Visitors can follow the preserved sections of the walls, learning about their defensive purpose and architectural significance. The walk provides a unique perspective of Caernarfon’s medieval layout and views over the surrounding area.

5. Gypsy Wood Park

Gypsy Wood Park is a family-friendly nature and adventure park located a few miles from Caernarfon. It features themed play areas, animal enclosures, and a miniature railway, making it an ideal destination for families with young children. The park’s fairy-themed trails and outdoor activities encourage kids to engage with nature in a fun environment.

Admission is approximately £9.50 for adults and £9.00 for children, open from March to late October.

6. Parc Glynllifon

Parc Glynllifon is a historic country park situated a short drive from Caernarfon. It offers scenic walking trails, woodland areas, and water features, alongside craft workshops and a café. The park hosts seasonal events including artisan markets and outdoor theatre, providing a blend of natural beauty and cultural activities.

Entry typically costs around £5 per adult, and the park is open daily during spring to autumn.

7. Dinas Dinlle Beach

About 9 km from Caernarfon, Dinas Dinlle Beach is a long pebble and sand beach popular for walking, kite surfing, and enjoying coastal views. The beach also features an Iron Age hillfort nearby, adding an archaeological dimension to a visit. It’s a great place to experience the rugged coastline of North Wales, especially during warmer months.

Access to the beach is free, with facilities including parking and a café nearby.

8. Foel Farm Park

Located across the Menai Strait on Anglesey, Foel Farm Park offers a hands-on farm experience with a variety of animals including sheep, pigs, goats, and shire horses. Families can enjoy feeding the animals, tractor rides, and learning about rural life. It’s a popular destination for visitors seeking a relaxed, countryside outing close to Caernarfon.

Entry costs around £8.95 for adults and £7.95 for children, open during school holidays and spring to autumn.

9. Doc Fictoria and Caernarfon Waterfront

Caernarfon’s revitalized waterfront area, known as Doc Fictoria, is home to galleries, shops, cafés, and the Galeri Arts Centre. It’s a vibrant hub for art, culture, and dining with views across the marina and Menai Strait. The Galeri hosts theatre, film screenings, and exhibitions, making it a cultural focal point for visitors and locals alike.

Most of the venues are free to enter, with varying opening hours throughout the week.

10. Llanberis and National Slate Museum

Situated about 10 km from Caernarfon, Llanberis is home to the National Slate Museum, which showcases the history of the Welsh slate industry. Set in a restored slate workshop, the museum features live demonstrations, restored machinery, and engaging exhibits. Nearby Llanberis also offers stunning mountain scenery and lakeside walks, making it a popular day trip from Caernarfon.

Admission to the museum is free. It is open year-round, typically from 10:00am to 5:00pm.