Brno: The Complete Guide

Brno, the second-largest city in the Czech Republic, lies in the South Moravian Region, a part of the country known for its rolling vineyards, gentle hills, and a relaxed pace of life compared to Prague. Its location makes it a natural hub between Vienna, Bratislava, and Prague, so many visitors find it an easy and rewarding stop on a Central European journey. The city itself blends the energy of a major university town with the charm of a regional centre, giving it a lively but approachable character.

A visit to Brno offers a different atmosphere from the country’s capital. Instead of grand boulevards and throngs of tourists, you’ll find cosy streets, atmospheric squares, and a mix of traditional Czech culture with modern creative energy. Cafés, wine bars, and breweries thrive here, while the surrounding South Moravian countryside adds to the city’s appeal for day trips and longer stays. It feels local and authentic, yet big enough to always have something happening.

Travelers often come to Brno for its relaxed urban life, but they stay for the way the city connects them to the wider region. The South Moravian landscape is dotted with castles, vineyards, and nature trails, all within easy reach, making Brno a perfect base for exploring. Whether you’re wandering through its compact centre, enjoying the student-driven nightlife, or heading out into the countryside, the city provides a balance of urban discovery and regional charm.

History of Brno

Early Origins of Brno

Brno’s history stretches back to prehistoric times, with evidence of settlements in the area from the Stone Age. The first written mention of Brno appears in the 11th century, when it began to develop as a fortified settlement. By the mid-13th century, Brno was granted town privileges, which laid the foundation for its growth as a medieval city. During this period, the construction of defensive walls and key buildings established Brno as a centre of trade and crafts.

Brno in the Middle Ages and Habsburg Era

From the 14th to the 17th century, Brno grew into an important economic and political hub. It became one of the key cities of the Moravian Margraviate and was regularly chosen as the seat of Moravian assemblies. During the Thirty Years’ War, Brno gained fame for its successful defense against a Swedish siege in 1645, which solidified its reputation as a resilient stronghold. Under Habsburg rule, the city continued to expand, with monasteries, churches, and civic buildings shaping its character.

Brno in the Industrial and Modern Age

The 18th and 19th centuries saw Brno transform into an industrial powerhouse, earning the nickname “the Moravian Manchester” thanks to its thriving textile and engineering industries. This era brought rapid urban development, new infrastructure, and a growing population. In the 20th century, Brno played a role in both World Wars and underwent significant changes during the communist period, which left a mark on its architecture and society. Since the Velvet Revolution of 1989, Brno has evolved into a vibrant, modern city, balancing its historic heritage with innovation, education, and cultural life.

Visiting Brno for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Brno on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!

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1. Špilberk Castle Brno

Špilberk Castle dominates the skyline and is one of Brno’s most iconic landmarks. Originally built in the 13th century, it served as a royal residence before being transformed into a fortress and later a notorious prison. Today, the castle houses the Brno City Museum, with exhibitions on the city’s history, fortifications, and the castle’s own past. The hilltop location also offers some of the best panoramic views of the city.

The castle grounds are open daily and free to wander, but museum entry costs around 150 CZK for adults, with concessions available. Opening hours for the museum are generally Tuesday to Sunday, from 10 AM to 6 PM, though hours vary seasonally. Many visitors enjoy combining a tour of the exhibitions with a walk around the castle park.

2. Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul Brno

The Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul is one of the city’s most striking buildings, its twin spires visible from many points around Brno. The cathedral’s Gothic revival appearance hides a much older history, with origins stretching back to the 12th century. Inside, you’ll find beautifully decorated chapels, intricate altars, and a peaceful atmosphere that contrasts with the lively streets outside.

Visitors often climb the tower for a small fee of around 60 CZK, rewarded with excellent views over the rooftops. The cathedral is open daily, typically from 8:15 AM to 6:30 PM, with services held regularly. Its bells ring at 11 AM rather than noon, a unique local tradition said to commemorate the Swedish siege of 1645.

3. Villa Tugendhat Brno

Villa Tugendhat is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the most important examples of modernist architecture in Europe. Designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe in the late 1920s, the villa is celebrated for its innovative use of space, glass walls, and cutting-edge design concepts that were far ahead of their time.

Because of its popularity, visits are only possible with a guided tour, and tickets often sell out weeks in advance. Entry costs around 350 CZK for adults, with discounts available, and tours run Tuesday to Sunday from 9 AM to 5 PM. Exploring Villa Tugendhat is not only an architectural highlight but also a glimpse into the cultural and social history of pre-war Brno.

4. Brno Underground Labyrinth

Beneath the city centre lies the Brno Underground Labyrinth, a network of passageways and cellars dating back to the Middle Ages. These underground spaces once served as storage areas for food, wine, and beer, as well as hiding places during troubled times. Today, visitors can join guided tours to discover this hidden side of the city.

Tours cost around 160 CZK for adults and run daily, usually starting from the Cabbage Market (Zelný trh). Opening hours are typically from 9 AM to 6 PM, with last entry mid-afternoon. The labyrinth offers a fascinating look at the city’s past and makes for an unusual and atmospheric experience.

5. Moravian Karst near Brno

Just north of Brno lies the Moravian Karst, a natural wonderland of limestone caves, gorges, and underground rivers. Within 10 km of the city, you can find the entrance to several impressive caves, the most famous being the Punkva Caves with their boat ride along an underground river. The highlight is the Macocha Abyss, a dramatic sinkhole plunging more than 130 metres deep.

Access to the caves requires a guided tour, costing around 200–250 CZK per adult, depending on the cave system. Opening hours vary seasonally, but tours usually run from April to October. The Moravian Karst is a perfect excursion for nature lovers and those seeking a unique outdoor adventure.

6. Brno Zoo

Brno Zoo is a popular destination for families, offering a mix of exotic and local species in naturalistic enclosures. Animals such as polar bears, giraffes, and tigers can be seen alongside Czech wildlife, and the zoo places a strong focus on conservation and education. The layout is spacious, with walking trails, playgrounds, and picnic areas, making it ideal for a day trip.

The zoo is open year-round, with hours ranging from 9 AM to 6 PM in summer and shorter hours in winter. Entry costs around 150 CZK for adults, with reduced tickets for children and families. Seasonal events and themed weekends add extra appeal for repeat visitors.

7. Capuchin Crypt Brno

The Capuchin Crypt is one of the most unusual attractions in Brno, known for its naturally mummified remains of monks and prominent citizens. The crypt was used from the 17th to the 18th century, and due to the unique ventilation system, the bodies were preserved without artificial methods. It’s both a fascinating and sobering place, offering a direct connection to the city’s past.

The crypt is located beneath the Capuchin Monastery in the city centre. Entry costs about 100 CZK, and it is open daily except Mondays, generally from 9 AM to 6 PM. Visitors often find the crypt thought-provoking, balancing historical curiosity with a sense of reverence.

8. Brno Technical Museum

For those interested in science and technology, the Brno Technical Museum is a must-visit. Exhibits cover everything from historic vehicles and aircraft to mechanical instruments, industrial machinery, and computing history. Interactive displays make it engaging for visitors of all ages, and temporary exhibitions keep the experience fresh.

The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 9 AM to 5 PM. Entry costs about 150 CZK for adults, with discounts for children, students, and seniors. Its wide-ranging collections make it one of the best places in Brno to explore the industrial and scientific heritage of the region.

9. Luzanky Park Brno

Lužánky Park is the oldest public park in the Czech Republic and a favourite green space for both locals and visitors. Its broad lawns, tree-lined paths, and historic pavilions make it perfect for a leisurely stroll, picnic, or outdoor activity. During warmer months, the park comes alive with cultural events, concerts, and community gatherings.

The park is free to enter and open year-round. Its location close to the city centre makes it an easy escape from urban life, offering tranquillity and fresh air. Many visitors enjoy combining time here with a visit to nearby cafés or simply relaxing under the trees.

10. Brno Astronomical Clock

The Brno Astronomical Clock is a modern addition to the city, installed in 2010 in Freedom Square. Unlike traditional astronomical clocks, this one has a unique, futuristic design resembling a black granite bullet. Each day at 11 AM, a glass marble is released, which visitors can try to catch as a quirky souvenir.

While the clock itself doesn’t require much time to see, it has become a popular meeting point and a curious landmark in the city centre. There is no entry fee, and it’s always accessible as part of Brno’s lively main square. It’s a fun stop during any exploration of the downtown area.