Bergamo: The Complete Guide

Bergamo is a small town in Lombardy to the east of Italy’s northern city of Milan and Lake Como. Nestled up against the southern foothills of the Bergamo Alps, the town is laid out into two tiers: the upper, older città alta, and the lower, modern città bassa. Bergamo Bassa, the city centre on the plain, seamlessly combines medieval cobbled quarters with late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century town planning. In contrast, Bergamo Alta, perched 100m above, stands as one of northern Italy’s most charming urban centres. With its labyrinthine lanes and a relaxed, lively pace of life, Bergamo Alta exudes a distinct mountainous ambiance despite its proximity to Milan. The upper town is encircled by massive Venetian Wall.
Bergamo is well connected to several cities in Italy, thanks to the motorway A4 stretching on the axis between Milan, Verona, and Venice.
TIP: If you are visiting Bergamo for just a day and want to make the most of your visit, you may want to consider taking a walking tour with a local guide. This is one of the most complete and best-rated city tours that covers the main, must-see attractions in about 2.5 hours. If you prefer exploring at your own pace read our Free Walking Tour of Bergamo (with Maps).
Table of Contents
- History of Bergamo
- Bergamo in Ancient Times: Celtic Roots and Roman Expansion
- Bergamo in the Early Middle Ages: Invasions and Christianization
- Bergamo in the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Independence and Venetian Rule
- Bergamo in the 18th and 19th Centuries: Napoleonic Shifts and Italian Unification
- Bergamo in the 20th and 21st Centuries: Growth, War, and Cultural Revival
- 17 Best places to See in Bergamo
- Battistero di Bergamo
- Torre del Campanone, Bergmao
- Cappella Colleoni, Bergamo
- Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Bergamo
- Tempietto di Santa Croce
- Torre di Gombito
- Palazzo del Podestà, Bergamo
- Piazza Vecchia, Bergamo
- Museo di Scienze Naturali e Archeologico, Bergamo
- Venetian Walls, Bergamo
- Rocca Museum
- Porta San Giacomo
- Civico Museo Archeologico di Bergamo
- Bergamo Funicular
- Torre Castello San Vigilio
- Piazza Matteotti, Bergamo
- Porta Nuova, Bergamo
- 10 Best Day Trips from Bergamo
- Where to Stay in Bergamo
- Best Time to Visit Bergamo
- How to get to Bergamo
History of Bergamo
Bergamo in Ancient Times: Celtic Roots and Roman Expansion
Bergamo’s earliest known inhabitants were Celtic tribes, who established a fortified settlement on the hill that would become the city’s historic upper town. Around 49 BCE, Bergamo was absorbed into the Roman Empire as a municipium and began to thrive thanks to its strategic position along military and trade routes. The Romans developed the town with typical infrastructure—roads, aqueducts, walls, and forums—laying the foundation for Bergamo’s later urban form. Though not a major Roman metropolis, it became a prosperous regional center with lasting cultural and economic significance.
Bergamo in the Early Middle Ages: Invasions and Christianization
Following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Bergamo suffered from repeated invasions by barbarian tribes, including the Goths and later the Lombards. Under Lombard rule in the 6th century, Bergamo became the seat of a powerful duchy. During this period, Christianity spread widely, and the first significant churches were built. The city maintained its importance under the Carolingian Empire and developed a feudal structure, with bishops and local nobles exerting increasing influence over civic life. The foundations of the city’s medieval religious and political institutions were laid during these centuries of upheaval and transition.
Bergamo in the Middle Ages and Renaissance: Independence and Venetian Rule
By the 11th century, Bergamo emerged as a self-governing commune, asserting autonomy from imperial and ecclesiastical authorities. This period saw frequent conflicts with neighboring cities like Milan and Brescia. In 1428, after a prolonged struggle for dominance in northern Italy, Bergamo fell under the control of the Republic of Venice. Under Venetian rule, which lasted until the late 18th century, Bergamo entered a long phase of stability and development. The Venetians fortified the upper city with massive defensive walls, many of which still stand today. Art and architecture flourished, particularly in the Città Alta (Upper Town), where elegant palaces, churches, and civic buildings were constructed.
Bergamo in the 18th and 19th Centuries: Napoleonic Shifts and Italian Unification
The fall of the Venetian Republic in 1797 marked the beginning of a new chapter for Bergamo. The city was briefly part of the Cisalpine Republic under Napoleon before coming under Austrian control. During the 19th century, Bergamo played a notable role in the movement for Italian unification. The city became known as the “City of the Thousand” (Città dei Mille) in honor of the many Bergamaschi who joined Giuseppe Garibaldi’s 1860 campaign to unite Italy. In 1859, Bergamo was officially incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia, which soon became the Kingdom of Italy.
Bergamo in the 20th and 21st Centuries: Growth, War, and Cultural Revival
During the 20th century, Bergamo expanded significantly beyond its medieval walls, developing into a modern industrial and commercial hub. The city endured hardship during both World Wars, particularly under Fascist rule in the 1930s and during Nazi occupation. After World War II, Bergamo rebuilt rapidly, preserving its historic core while modernizing its lower town (Città Bassa). In recent decades, the city has become known for its cultural vitality, economic dynamism, and architectural preservation. Its dual character—divided between the medieval hilltop and the modern plains below—has made Bergamo a symbol of continuity, resilience, and aesthetic beauty in northern Italy.
Visiting Bergamo for the first time and wondering what are the top places to see in the city? In this complete guide, I share the best things to do in Bergamo on the first visit. To help you plan your trip, I have also included an interactive map and practical tips for visiting!
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17 Best places to See in Bergamo
This complete guide to Bergamo not only tells you about the very best sights and tourist attractions for first-time visitors to the city but also provide insights into a few of our personal favorite things to do.
This is a practical guide to visiting the best places to see in Bergamo and is filled with tips and info that should answer all your questions!
Battistero di Bergamo

Location: Battistero di Bergamo Piazza Padre Reginaldo Giuliani 24129 Bergamo BG Italy | Distance: 0.0km
Visiting Battistero di Bergamo
Torre del Campanone, Bergmao

Location: Campanone, Piazza Vecchia, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 10am-6pm Tue-Fri, to 8pm Sat & Sun Apr-Oct, reduced hours winter | Price: adult/reduced incl Podestà €5/3 | Distance: 0.0km
Visiting Torre del Campanone, Bergmao
Cappella Colleoni, Bergamo

Location: Cappella Colleoni, Piazza Duomo, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 9am-12.30pm & 2-6.30pm Mar-Oct, 9am-12.30pm & 2-4.30pm Tue-Sun Nov-Feb | Distance: 0.0km
Visiting Cappella Colleoni, Bergamo
Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Bergamo

Location: Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Piazza Duomo, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 9am-12.30pm & 2.30-6pm Mon-Fri, 9am-6pm Sat & Sun Apr-Oct, shorter hours Nov-Mar | Distance: 0.0km
Visiting Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Bergamo
Tempietto di Santa Croce

Location: Tempietto di Santa Croce, Piazza Padre Reginaldo Giuliani, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 0.1km
Visiting Tempietto di Santa Croce
Torre di Gombito

Location: Torre del Gombito, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: Visits must be reserved in advance at the tourist office, which is at the base of the tower, and leave at 10am, 10.45am, 11.30am, 2.30pm, 3.15pm and 4pm on Mondays. | Distance: 0.1km
Visiting Torre di Gombito
Palazzo del Podestà, Bergamo

Location: Piazza Vecchia, 5, 24129 Bergamo BG, Italy | Hours: 10am-1pm & 2.30-6pm Tue-Fri, 10am-7pm Sat & Sun | Price: adult/reduced incl Torre del Campanone €5/3 | Website | Distance: 0.1km
Visiting Palazzo del Podestà, Bergamo
Piazza Vecchia, Bergamo

Location: Piazza Vecchia Bergamo Alta, Piazza Vecchia, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 0.1km
Visiting Piazza Vecchia, Bergamo
Museo di Scienze Naturali e Archeologico, Bergamo

Location: Museo di Scienze Naturali E. Caffi, Piazza della Cittadella, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 9am-12.30pm & 2.30-6pm Tue-Sun | Price: Museo Civico Scienze Naturali €3 | Website | Distance: 0.3km
Visiting Museo di Scienze Naturali e Archeologico, Bergamo
Venetian Walls, Bergamo

Location: Baluardo di San Giovanni, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 0.3km
Visiting Venetian Walls, Bergamo
Rocca Museum

Location: Rocca di Bergamo, Piazzale Brigata Legnano, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 9.30am-1pm & 2.30-6pm Tue-Sun | Price: museum €3, grounds free | Distance: 0.3km
Visiting Rocca Museum
Porta San Giacomo

Location: Porta San Giacomo, Via Sant'Alessandro, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 0.3km
Visiting Porta San Giacomo
Civico Museo Archeologico di Bergamo

Location: Piazza della Cittadella, 9, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 9.30am-1pm & 2-6.30pm Tue-Sun | Price: adult/reduced €5/3 | Website | Distance: 0.4km
Visiting Civico Museo Archeologico di Bergamo
Bergamo Funicular

Location: V.le V. Emanuele II, 58, 24121 Bergamo BG, Italy | Distance: 0.4km
Visiting Bergamo Funicular
Torre Castello San Vigilio

Location: Torre Castello San Vigilio, Via al Castello, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Hours: 1st November to 31st March 8am - 5pm1st of April to 31st October 7am - 9pm | Price: Free | Distance: 1.1km
Visiting Torre Castello San Vigilio
Piazza Matteotti, Bergamo

Location: Piazza Giacomo Matteotti, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 1.1km
Visiting Piazza Matteotti, Bergamo
Porta Nuova, Bergamo

Location: Porta Nuova, Largo Porta Nuova, Bergamo, Province of Bergamo, Italy | Distance: 1.2km
Visiting Porta Nuova, Bergamo
Best Day Trips from Bergamo
A day trip from Bergamo offers the perfect opportunity to escape the urban rhythm and discover the surrounding region's charm. Whether you're drawn to scenic countryside, historic villages, or cultural landmarks, the area around Bergamo provides a variety of easy-to-reach destinations ideal for a one-day itinerary. If you are looking to rent a car in Italy I recommend having a look at Discover Cars, first, as they compare prices and review multiple car rental agencies for you.
Milan

Visiting Milan
Brescia

Visiting Brescia
Como

Visiting Como
Verona

Visiting Verona
Parma

Visiting Parma
Vicenza

Visiting Vicenza
Modena

Visiting Modena
Genova

Visiting Genova
Camogli

Visiting Camogli
Santa Margherita Ligure

Visiting Santa Margherita Ligure
Where to Stay in Bergamo
Bergamo is a city of two distinct halves—the medieval Città Alta (Upper Town) and the more modern Città Bassa (Lower Town)—each offering unique experiences and excellent places to stay for visitors. The Città Alta is the most atmospheric part of the city, with cobbled streets, Renaissance architecture, and sweeping views of the plains below. It’s ideal for travelers who want to immerse themselves in history and enjoy a quiet, romantic setting. Staying here means being steps away from landmarks like Piazza Vecchia, the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore, and the old Venetian walls. A charming and well-situated option is GombitHotel, a stylish boutique hotel blending historic character with modern design.
The Città Bassa is livelier and more cosmopolitan, making it perfect for visitors who prefer easy access to shopping, dining, and transportation. This area is where you’ll find Bergamo’s main train station and many contemporary comforts. It’s also just a short funicular ride from the Upper Town. The Lower Town is ideal for business travelers or those planning day trips to Milan, Lake Iseo, or nearby Lombard towns. A dependable and centrally located choice is Mercure Bergamo Centro Palazzo Dolci, offering modern amenities and close proximity to the railway station and cultural venues.
For travelers seeking a more relaxed and scenic environment, the Colli di Bergamo (Bergamo Hills) just outside the city center provide a tranquil countryside feel while remaining within easy reach of both Città Alta and Città Bassa. This area is great for nature lovers and those interested in hiking or wine tasting. Accommodations here often include elegant villas or restored farmhouses surrounded by vineyards and olive groves. One such retreat is Relais San Vigilio al Castello, nestled near the ruins of a medieval castle and offering panoramic views in a serene setting.
Using the our Hotel and Accomodation map, you can compare hotels and short-term rental accommodations in Bergamo. Simply insert your travel dates and group size, and you’ll see the best deals for your stay.
Bergamo Accommodation Map
Best Time to Visit Bergamo
Summer in Bergamo: June – August
Summer allows for light packing with summer clothing, a hat, sandals, sunscreen, and perhaps a cardigan for cooler evenings. Surprisingly, this season is the most budget-friendly, particularly from August to September. It’s also an opportune time for outdoor cinema and festivals, such as the Summer Dance Festival and Celtic Days in mid-July, culminating in the Festa di Sant’Alessandro on August 26.
Visitors can explore both the upper and lower parts of Bergamo, indulge in day trips to Milan and Venice, and enjoy the city’s parks. Summer presents an array of activities and cultural events, making it the best time to experience Bergamo’s vibrant ambiance.
Autumn (Fall) in Bergamo: September – November
Autumn temperatures vary, requiring a mix of clothing. The season provides an excellent time for history tours in Citta Alta, exploring museums, and indulging in beer, wine, and food tours. Festivals like the Beer Festival and the Feast of the Madonna del Rosario in October add cultural richness.
Christmas markets in November and December, along with festivals like Mercatanti and BergamoScienza, enhance the fall experience. Travelers may find good deals on accommodations and flights during this less touristy period.
Winter in Bergamo: December – February
Beyond winter sports, Bergamo’s historical landmarks, churches, and museums are worth exploring. Christmas markets, the Feast of Saint Lucy, and the Chocolate Festival in late January add festive charm. The Carnival in late February livens up the city with a grand parade.
Winter, although cold, presents a unique charm, allowing tourists to explore Bergamo’s attractions with fewer crowds. Wellness centres and thermal spas offer relaxation, making winter an appealing time for various preferences.
Spring in Bergamo: March – May
Spring, starting from May, sees an influx of tourists, making it the busiest month for tourism in Bergamo. Despite higher prices, the pleasant weather attracts visitors for sightseeing tours, day trips, and exploration of Citta Alta’s landmarks.
Notable festivals during spring include the Spring Festival and the Bergamo Jazz Festival in mid-March. Although the wettest season, spring offers opportunities to enjoy Bergamo’s attractions amidst the blooming scenery. Advance bookings are advisable due to increased tourist arrivals.
Annual Weather Overview
- January 7°C 48°F
- February 10°C 53°F
- March 14°C 62°F
- April 17°C 67°F
- May 22°C 75°F
- June 27°C 85°F
- July 31°C 92°F
- August 28°C 86°F
- September 23°C 78°F
- October 19°C 70°F
- November 12°C 57°F
- December 7°C 49°F
How to get to Bergamo
By Plane: The International Airport of Orio al Serio is just 5 km from Bergamo and 45 km from Milan, well-connected to various Italian and European destinations, especially low-cost airlines. The Airport Bus service operates daily, departing every 30 minutes, with a journey time of approximately 20 minutes. For additional details, visit www.atb.bergamo.it. Reach Bergamo Airport at Via Aeroporto, 13, Orio al Serio (Ph. +39 035 326323), or explore www.orioaeroporto.it.
By Car: You can access the town via the motorway (A4) or by train. The center of Bergamo features various restricted traffic zones, some permanently active and inaccessible, while others operate at specific times. To understand their layout and entry points, refer to the following resources: LTZ List and LTZ Map. If you are looking to rent a car in Italy I recommend having a look at Discover Cars, first, as they compare prices and review multiple car rental agencies for you.
By Bus: Traveling from Milan Lampugnano, Cadorna, and Piazza Castello to Bergamo Bus Station with Trasporti NET Nord Est takes approximately one hour under smooth traffic conditions. The connection from Milan Cadorna, Central Station, and Lampugnano to Orio al Serio Bergamo airport is operated by Autostradale, with a journey time of about one hour in flowing traffic. Buses from both companies typically depart every 30 minutes, but due to occasional heavy traffic, it’s advisable to anticipate a travel time of around 2 hours. Other public transport companies operate routes between Bergamo and neighboring towns, with the bus station and ticket office situated in Piazzale Marconi, adjacent to the train station.
By Train: Bergamo railway station has direct connections to Milan, Lecco, and Brescia (with links to Lake Garda, Verona, and Venice). The Milan-Bergamo and Brescia-Bergamo journeys take approximately one hour, while the trip from Lecco to Bergamo is around 40 minutes. Trains run almost every hour. The station, located in Lower Bergamo, is linked to Città Alta (Upper Bergamo) by a bus departing approximately every 10 minutes. For more information, contact Bergamo Railway Station at Piazzale Guglielmo Marconi (ph. +39 035 247950) or visit Trenitalia’s website: www.trenitalia.com.